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Safety Training : Risk Assessment & Management

This document provides information on risk assessment and management. It defines key terms like hazard, risk, likelihood, and consequences. It explains the process of identifying hazards, analyzing risks, and evaluating risks. Factors that affect the likelihood and consequences of risks are described. Methods of determining risk level like the risk analysis matrix and risk rating criteria are outlined. The document provides guidance on assessing residual risk after implementing controls and determining appropriate actions.

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Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in SAFETY TRAINING 1
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 2 How do you keep your workplace safe Our goal is to provide safe workplace to employees, that is to say, establishing a sustainable workplace with zero accident & illness.
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 3 Terms & Definitions TERMS DEFINITION Hazard Source with a potential to cause injury and ill health Injury & ill health Adverse effect on the physical, mental or cognitive condition of a person OH&S Risk Combination of the likelihood of occurrence of a work- related hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s) Risk Assessment Overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation Risk Combination of estimated magnitude of harm & possibility of the harm generated from hazard. Risk analysis Process to comprehend the nature of risk and to determine the level of risk. Risk evaluation Process of comparing the results of risk analysis with risk criteria to determine whether the risk and/or its magnitude is acceptable or tolerable Risk Treatment Process to modify risk Acceptable risk Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own OHS policy. Residual risk Risk remaining after risk treatment Level of risk Magnitude of a risk or combination of risks, expressed in terms of the combination of consequences and their likelihood Hazardous situation Situation where people is exposed to the hazard(s). The exposure to the situation induces acute or chronic harm. Hazardous zone Danger zone Space where people is exposed to the hazard such as the inside of and/or near the equipment. Line of fire Where one is directly exposed to hazard is called line of fire, To be at wrong place at wrong time
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 4 Consequences of risk exposure Risks Consequences Risks Consequences Risks Consequences Risks Consequences Accident ill health An injury To People Loss of life Lost working days Compensation / fines Extra trainings To Plant & processes Damage Lost Output Repairs Business interruption To Environment Emission Effluent Waste Environment Impact Clean up cost Fines Reputation Non-compliance with regulatory & company standards To Product Damage Not to Specification Dose not perform Re-work, Lost output Liability, Compensation Loss of confidence, Market share Non-compliance with regulatory & company standards
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 5 Hazard Risk Hazards Risk Hazard Risk Hazard & Risk What is the Hazard? What is the Risk?
The Falling Stone The most important thing is not how serious the accident is, but to prevent it. Reporting an incidence is first step towards prevention A near miss! = A near hit! An injury A serious injury What is the Hazard? What is the Risk? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 6 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Types of Hazards Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 7 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Unsafe condition or unsafe act? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 8 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Over confidence Poor communication Poor planning Negligence Unsafe Act/ Condition Causes Of Accident Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 9 Short cut procedure. SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
HAZARD -A hazard is any situation, substance, activity, event, or environment that could potentially cause injury or ill health SYSTEM CONTROLS HUMAN CONTROLS PHYSICAL CONTROLS . Hazards Incident Causation Model Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 10 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management When there are gaps / weakness in the barriers, they may line up resulting in an incident
What is line of fire? 11 Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Basic Principles of Risk Assessment Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 12 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 13 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 14 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Identifying Hazards Is There a Source of Harm? Who or What Could be Harmed? How Could Harm Occur? What are other contributing factors? How likely is it that the hazard will occur? Hazard Classification Slip/Trip/Fall Fall From Height Hand/Power Tools Handling Scaffolding (physical) Fixed/Flying/Falling Objects Transport Electricity Chemicals Lifting Tackles/Appliances Fire/Explosion Fall from height Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 15 Car Top & Pit access Testing and Commissioning Hoisting Elevator/Escalator Repetitive Working SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Fall Hazards : Are workers working at heights? Confined Space Entry : Do workers have to enter a confined space? Excavations, Holes or Floor Openings : Can workers fall into or through? Moving Equipment : Is there machinery, forklifts, etc. in the area? Pinch points : Do moving parts in machinery create pinch points? Can workers get caught in machinery or belts & pulleys, chains & sprockets, etc.? Chemicals : Do workers use solvents, acids, bases, pesticides, consumer products, etc.? Crushing hazards : Can workers get crushed (under or between) objects? Dusts : Does the process create or are workers exposed to dusts (wood dust, grinding dusts, etc.)? Hazard source list Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 16 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Electrical Hazards What is the condition of your extension cords, wiring, service panels, etc.? Lighting Levels Is there enough light to do the work? Stored Energy Hazards (Electrical, mechanical, pressure) Can stored energy be released by the work? (Lock-out/Tag- out) Falling or dropping objects Are people working overhead? Motor vehicles or traffic: Do workers have to drive/work in traffic as part of the job? Sharp objects: Do workers use knives, razors, etc.? Slip, trip or fall hazards What is the condition of the walking/ working surfaces, housekeeping, etc.? Physical layout of work place Does the layout or process flow create a hazard? Ladder or Scaffold use Are ladders or scaffolds used in the work? Hazard source list Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 17 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Weather : Can the weather create hazards? Fire/Explosion : Is there a potential for a fire or explosion? Access and Egress : Can workers safely get to their work areas? Can they safely evacuate in the case of an emergency? Process Flow : Does the flow of product through the process create a hazard? Location of co-workers or other workers in the area: Does the work pose a hazard to them, or does their work pose a hazard to the job being analyzed? Human factor issues : Is the training adequate? Are the workers fatigued? How fit are the workers, etc.? Material Moving or Handling : Do workers have to lift or carry heavy objects? Repetitive Motion : Does the job require repetitive motion (typing, etc.)? Hazard source list Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 18 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Hazards in elevators / escalators / moving walk installation, maintenance and inspection. The main ection activities according to area of work are:  Top of Car  Pit  Inside of Car  Outside of car  Machine Room  Escalator / Moving Walk  Storage area (Site as well as Central warehouse)  Office works Potential hazards that can exist in the above activities can include but not limited to:  Equipment movement (Car / Escalator / Moving Walk)  Electrical  Energized High Voltage  Energized Low Voltage  De-energized  Inspecting controller  Use of Meters  Overhead clearances  Housekeeping List of main hazards for consideration while conducting RA Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 19 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
List of main hazards for consideration while conducting RA  Site conditions  Stairways  Ladders  Projections  Walking surfaces  Floor openings  Falling objects  The potential Hazards during construction are:  Falls from working at height,  Slips and trips,  Being struck by falling objects,  Moving heavy loads,  Bad working positions, often in limited spaces,  Being struck or crushed by a workplace vehicle,  Receiving injuries from hand tools,  Inhalation of dust,  Handling of rough materials,  Loud noise,  Vibration from tools or vibrating machinery.  Mechanical / Mechanical repairs  Blowers  Welding  Soldering  Cutting  Hoisting  Grinding  Sanding / Chiselling  Babbitting  Drilling  Power actuated tools  Metal working / Handling  Roping  PPEs used in general:  Eyes: - Safety goggles  Face: - Cotton nose mask  Hands / Arms - Protective glove  Head - Standard Hard hat / Other  Feet / Legs - Safety Shoes  Other additional controls (for consideration if doesn’t exist at present):  Personal fall arrest system  Lifeline  Guardrails / Barricades  Hole coverings  Lockout / Tag-out  Stop Switch Procedure (e.g. top-of-car emergency stop switch)  GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit)  Moving equipment  Others (unspecified) Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 20 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Factors Affecting Likelihood & Consequence  Individual  knowledge/skills  training  experience  attitude  risk perception  mental/physical condition & capability  workload/work patterns  equipment/tools  process  guarding/controls Risk Assessment & Management  environment  maintenance regime  PPE  emergency arrangements  training/information/instruction  procedures  supervision  communications Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 21 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
•Determining Risk • Likelihood (Probability) • Consequence (Severity) Criteria for Rating Likelihood of occurrence Rating Likelihood of occurrence Description 1 Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances 2 Yearly May occur at some time & less likely than not 3 Monthly Might occur at some time or more likely than not 4 Weekly Will probably occur in most circumstances 5 Daily Is expected to occur in most circumstances Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 22 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Sr.n o. Noise Injury- (Physical, Biological, Chemical) Illness Ergonomics Psychosocial 1 less than 80 dB No Injuries, Injury such as small cuts, bite by non-poisonous insect or reptile, small rash - Person resumes duty immediately (First Aid Treatment, on site release immediately resumed to work, ) Momentary discomfort / Nuisance, Person can return back to work immediately after rest Minor Discomfort Temporary restlessness due to mental exhaustion E.g. Head ache, Burning of eyes /skin, momentary Giddiness 2 81 to 90 dB Person reporting duty on next working day (Medical treatment required) Prolonged discomfort Effect on vision / Mild ache / Stress / Strain Sleeplessness / Frustration , physiological disorders due to stress E.g. Diarrhea, vomiting, Constipation, Vision Impairment 3 91 to 95 Person not reporting duty on next working day, Loss Time Injury Case Minor health impact / requiring nurse/ Self attention Sprain / Repetitive strain injury e.g. Back Ache Physiological impact requiring doctor's counseling E.g. Metal Fever, fever due to water contamination 4 96 to 105 dB Serious Injury case, Multiple/major fracture, hospitalization , Amputation or Permanent Disability Major Health impact requiring doctor's attention with medication not returning to work Muscle disorder Anxiety due to work stress / 5 > =105 dB Fatality Prolonged impact e.g. Respiratory illness Prolonged impact Mental disorder / psychological trauma Criteria for Consequence (Severity) Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 23 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Risk analysis matrix (Inherent /bare Risk) Consequence (Severity Rating) Likelihood of Occurrence 5 - Catastrophic / Fatal 4 - Major / Extensive Injury 3 - Moderate / Medical treatment 2 - Minor Injury / First Aid 1 - Insignificant 5 Very likely 25 20 15 10 5 4 Likely 20 16 12 8 4 3 Moderate 15 12 9 6 3 2 Unlikely 10 8 6 4 2 1 Rare 5 4 3 2 1 Determination of Residual Risk Initial risk level shall be evaluated as a component of bare risk assessment R= S x L. Revaluation of risk shall be done in line with the effectiveness of control against two facts viz. Consequence (Severity Rating) (S) and Likelihood of occurrence (L) to identify residual risk after reviewing the effectiveness of control. Residual Risk = (S x L) Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 24 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
 Negligible injuries include bumps, small cuts, abrasions etc.  Minor injuries include those injuries that could result in time off work etc.  Major injuries include broken limbs, injuries to eyes, asphyxiation etc. Risk Rating Short Term Action Corrective Action Timeframes 3 High Risk Stop the work Restart the work only when Risk is Eliminated or reduced to acceptable low risk level. Immediate 2 Medium Risk Additional Safety measures obligatory to continue the work Implement action to reduce the risk to acceptable low/no risk level 24 Hours 1 Low Risk Additional Safety measures are required to continue the work Implement action to reduce the risk to acceptable no risk level 3 days Risk Level Criteria Residual Risk Category Actions 5 – 25 or Emergency or Severity rating =5 Significant (SIG) additional control measures shall be applied on priority with management of change shall be established 1 - 12 Acceptable (ACC) Regular monitoring of effectiveness of control Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 25 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
The idea behind this hierarchy is that the control methods at the top of graphic are potentially more effective and protective than those at the bottom. Following this hierarchy normally leads to the implementation of inherently safer systems, where the risk of illness or injury has been substantially reduced Hierarchy of Controls Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 26 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Prevention/Elimination Prevent a hazard from occurring in the first place or change the process or substitute non- hazardous materials or equipment to eliminate it. Engineered Controls Hazards are a part of the process, but physical controls, such as machine guards, minimize their risk to people and the environment. • Barriers/Guards • Containment curbs/walls • Ventilation • Pressure relief devices • Enclosures Management Controls Prevent injury by putting protective equipment on the employee, by teaching the employee to avoid the hazard, or by limiting the amount of time the individual is exposed. • Rules/procedures/instructions • Communication • Training • Job rotation • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hierarchy of Controls Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 27 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Removing hazard permanently from the source Changing human interference using automation Prevention : By Elimination Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 28 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Prevention : By Process Reengineering Using alternate option Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 29 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
When Elimination / Prevention is not feasible, We shall use methods to control the hazard to Minimize its impact. Use of engineering control Control Minimize its impact. & Engineering control Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 30 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Admin control – Display of signage, Training, SWP’s. Control -PPE– by using appropriate PPE for selected task. Control – Administrative & PPE’s Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 31 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Benefits of Risk Assessment 1. Reduction in Injuries & Ill Health 2. Reduction in Lost Time 3. Reduction in Claims 4. Reduction in Insurance Premiums 5. Improved Employee Morale 6. More Efficient Processes 7. Increased Productivity 8. Customer Satisfaction 9. Prestige 10. Legal Compliance Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 32 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
• Continuously Watch for the Hazards around you. • Always think of how to eliminate these or control these Be vigilant on Warning Signs and Obey the warning signs100% Before Starting any activity spend two minutes to think of any hazards around. This is JHA Job Hazard Analysis Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 33 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Some example of Hazards Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 34 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Any chemical which poses a health hazard Asbestos Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples: Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 35 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Welding fumes Solder fumes Silica Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples: Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 36 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Electrical Electricity live or stored Pneumatic Are there energy sources which could be harmful if accidental release or startup occurs? Energy sources Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 37 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Thermal Hydraulic Energy sources Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 38 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Mechanical Energy sources Gravity Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 39 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Are there sharp objects which could cut or pierce the body? • Glass • Knife blades • Sheet metal and Burrs. • Nails • Needles • Splinters (wood) Sharp objects Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 40 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Are there hot or cold surfaces which could burn or freeze employees? • Welded parts • Cryogenic materials • Ovens/stoves • Molten metals cryogenic Temperature extremes Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 41 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Lasers Welding and cutting Is there light radiation which could be harmful to the skin or eyes? Light Radiation Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 42 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Will employee be operating, or be exposed to, tools/equipment which may generate flying debris? •Hammering •Sawing •Chipping •Grinding •Drilling •Buffing Flying debris Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 43 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Will employee be operating, or be exposed to, tools/equipment which may generate excessive noise? • Jack-hammering • Woodworking machinery • Metalworking machinery • Operating heavy equipment Excessive noise Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 44 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Does the layout of the workplace create a potential hazard? • Fall hazards exceeding 4 feet. • Low clearances • Confined spaces Workplace layout Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 45 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Is there the potential for a fire or explosion? Fire / explosion hazard Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 46 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Fire / explosion hazard Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 47 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Test your Knowledge Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 48 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
1. Improper use of ladders. 2. No use of fall protection. 3. Blocking a main exit. 4. Unsafe work practices 5. Worker standing on electrical box 1 2 3 4 5 What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 49 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
1. Cutting towards the body using a sharp object (razor/knife) 2. Not wearing proper glove on cutting hand. 3. Improper cutting/stripping of traveling cable. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 50 2 3 1 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
2. Oxygen/acetylene tanks improperly stored (should be stored separately) 3. No caps on cylinders 4. Soda bottles used for storage of unknown liquids (No labeling) 5. General house keeping (cluttered) 1. Multiple flammable Storage violations What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 51 3 1 4 2 5 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
2. Barricade not secured. 3. Electrical cord under barricade / tripping hazard. 4. No hazard signs posted 1. Improper barricade What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 52 3 1 4 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
1. Plank not fixed. 1 2. Size of plank not Appropriate for load of 2 persons. What is wrong in this? 2 Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 53 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
1. Goggles on head, not on eyes while working. 2. Unsafe use of ladder. 3. Cluttered work bench with sharp tools. 4. Debris on floor. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 54 3 1 4 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
1. Can’t see her/the steps due to oversize load being carried. 2. Not holding hand rail. 3. Garbage on steps. 4. Chair is obstacle. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 55 3 1 4 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
• Exit blocked. • Fire extinguisher is tripping hazard • No safety sign on electric switch. • Fire alarm blocked by mop handle. • Water Hose pipe on electric switch • Light switch not accessible. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 56 3 1 6 4 5 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Conclusion - Return to Home safely Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 57 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
Conclusion.. Its just beginning QUESTIONS Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 58 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

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Safety Training : Risk Assessment & Management

  • 1.
    Risk Assessment &Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in SAFETY TRAINING 1
  • 2.
    SAFETY TRAINING -Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 2 How do you keep your workplace safe Our goal is to provide safe workplace to employees, that is to say, establishing a sustainable workplace with zero accident & illness.
  • 3.
    SAFETY TRAINING -Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 3 Terms & Definitions TERMS DEFINITION Hazard Source with a potential to cause injury and ill health Injury & ill health Adverse effect on the physical, mental or cognitive condition of a person OH&S Risk Combination of the likelihood of occurrence of a work- related hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s) Risk Assessment Overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation Risk Combination of estimated magnitude of harm & possibility of the harm generated from hazard. Risk analysis Process to comprehend the nature of risk and to determine the level of risk. Risk evaluation Process of comparing the results of risk analysis with risk criteria to determine whether the risk and/or its magnitude is acceptable or tolerable Risk Treatment Process to modify risk Acceptable risk Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and its own OHS policy. Residual risk Risk remaining after risk treatment Level of risk Magnitude of a risk or combination of risks, expressed in terms of the combination of consequences and their likelihood Hazardous situation Situation where people is exposed to the hazard(s). The exposure to the situation induces acute or chronic harm. Hazardous zone Danger zone Space where people is exposed to the hazard such as the inside of and/or near the equipment. Line of fire Where one is directly exposed to hazard is called line of fire, To be at wrong place at wrong time
  • 4.
    SAFETY TRAINING -Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 4 Consequences of risk exposure Risks Consequences Risks Consequences Risks Consequences Risks Consequences Accident ill health An injury To People Loss of life Lost working days Compensation / fines Extra trainings To Plant & processes Damage Lost Output Repairs Business interruption To Environment Emission Effluent Waste Environment Impact Clean up cost Fines Reputation Non-compliance with regulatory & company standards To Product Damage Not to Specification Dose not perform Re-work, Lost output Liability, Compensation Loss of confidence, Market share Non-compliance with regulatory & company standards
  • 5.
    SAFETY TRAINING -Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 5 Hazard Risk Hazards Risk Hazard Risk Hazard & Risk What is the Hazard? What is the Risk?
  • 6.
    The Falling Stone Themost important thing is not how serious the accident is, but to prevent it. Reporting an incidence is first step towards prevention A near miss! = A near hit! An injury A serious injury What is the Hazard? What is the Risk? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 6 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 7.
    Types of Hazards PreparedBy ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 7 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 8.
    Unsafe condition orunsafe act? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 8 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 9.
    Over confidence Poor communicationPoor planning Negligence Unsafe Act/ Condition Causes Of Accident Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 9 Short cut procedure. SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 10.
    HAZARD -A hazardis any situation, substance, activity, event, or environment that could potentially cause injury or ill health SYSTEM CONTROLS HUMAN CONTROLS PHYSICAL CONTROLS . Hazards Incident Causation Model Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 10 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management When there are gaps / weakness in the barriers, they may line up resulting in an incident
  • 11.
    What is lineof fire? 11 Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 12.
    Basic Principles ofRisk Assessment Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 12 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 13.
    Risk Assessment &Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 13 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 14.
    Risk Assessment &Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 14 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 15.
    Identifying Hazards Is Therea Source of Harm? Who or What Could be Harmed? How Could Harm Occur? What are other contributing factors? How likely is it that the hazard will occur? Hazard Classification Slip/Trip/Fall Fall From Height Hand/Power Tools Handling Scaffolding (physical) Fixed/Flying/Falling Objects Transport Electricity Chemicals Lifting Tackles/Appliances Fire/Explosion Fall from height Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 15 Car Top & Pit access Testing and Commissioning Hoisting Elevator/Escalator Repetitive Working SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 16.
    Fall Hazards :Are workers working at heights? Confined Space Entry : Do workers have to enter a confined space? Excavations, Holes or Floor Openings : Can workers fall into or through? Moving Equipment : Is there machinery, forklifts, etc. in the area? Pinch points : Do moving parts in machinery create pinch points? Can workers get caught in machinery or belts & pulleys, chains & sprockets, etc.? Chemicals : Do workers use solvents, acids, bases, pesticides, consumer products, etc.? Crushing hazards : Can workers get crushed (under or between) objects? Dusts : Does the process create or are workers exposed to dusts (wood dust, grinding dusts, etc.)? Hazard source list Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 16 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 17.
    Electrical Hazards Whatis the condition of your extension cords, wiring, service panels, etc.? Lighting Levels Is there enough light to do the work? Stored Energy Hazards (Electrical, mechanical, pressure) Can stored energy be released by the work? (Lock-out/Tag- out) Falling or dropping objects Are people working overhead? Motor vehicles or traffic: Do workers have to drive/work in traffic as part of the job? Sharp objects: Do workers use knives, razors, etc.? Slip, trip or fall hazards What is the condition of the walking/ working surfaces, housekeeping, etc.? Physical layout of work place Does the layout or process flow create a hazard? Ladder or Scaffold use Are ladders or scaffolds used in the work? Hazard source list Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 17 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 18.
    Weather : Canthe weather create hazards? Fire/Explosion : Is there a potential for a fire or explosion? Access and Egress : Can workers safely get to their work areas? Can they safely evacuate in the case of an emergency? Process Flow : Does the flow of product through the process create a hazard? Location of co-workers or other workers in the area: Does the work pose a hazard to them, or does their work pose a hazard to the job being analyzed? Human factor issues : Is the training adequate? Are the workers fatigued? How fit are the workers, etc.? Material Moving or Handling : Do workers have to lift or carry heavy objects? Repetitive Motion : Does the job require repetitive motion (typing, etc.)? Hazard source list Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 18 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 19.
    Hazards in elevators/ escalators / moving walk installation, maintenance and inspection. The main ection activities according to area of work are:  Top of Car  Pit  Inside of Car  Outside of car  Machine Room  Escalator / Moving Walk  Storage area (Site as well as Central warehouse)  Office works Potential hazards that can exist in the above activities can include but not limited to:  Equipment movement (Car / Escalator / Moving Walk)  Electrical  Energized High Voltage  Energized Low Voltage  De-energized  Inspecting controller  Use of Meters  Overhead clearances  Housekeeping List of main hazards for consideration while conducting RA Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 19 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 20.
    List of mainhazards for consideration while conducting RA  Site conditions  Stairways  Ladders  Projections  Walking surfaces  Floor openings  Falling objects  The potential Hazards during construction are:  Falls from working at height,  Slips and trips,  Being struck by falling objects,  Moving heavy loads,  Bad working positions, often in limited spaces,  Being struck or crushed by a workplace vehicle,  Receiving injuries from hand tools,  Inhalation of dust,  Handling of rough materials,  Loud noise,  Vibration from tools or vibrating machinery.  Mechanical / Mechanical repairs  Blowers  Welding  Soldering  Cutting  Hoisting  Grinding  Sanding / Chiselling  Babbitting  Drilling  Power actuated tools  Metal working / Handling  Roping  PPEs used in general:  Eyes: - Safety goggles  Face: - Cotton nose mask  Hands / Arms - Protective glove  Head - Standard Hard hat / Other  Feet / Legs - Safety Shoes  Other additional controls (for consideration if doesn’t exist at present):  Personal fall arrest system  Lifeline  Guardrails / Barricades  Hole coverings  Lockout / Tag-out  Stop Switch Procedure (e.g. top-of-car emergency stop switch)  GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit)  Moving equipment  Others (unspecified) Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 20 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 21.
    Factors Affecting Likelihood& Consequence  Individual  knowledge/skills  training  experience  attitude  risk perception  mental/physical condition & capability  workload/work patterns  equipment/tools  process  guarding/controls Risk Assessment & Management  environment  maintenance regime  PPE  emergency arrangements  training/information/instruction  procedures  supervision  communications Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 21 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 22.
    •Determining Risk • Likelihood(Probability) • Consequence (Severity) Criteria for Rating Likelihood of occurrence Rating Likelihood of occurrence Description 1 Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances 2 Yearly May occur at some time & less likely than not 3 Monthly Might occur at some time or more likely than not 4 Weekly Will probably occur in most circumstances 5 Daily Is expected to occur in most circumstances Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 22 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 23.
    Sr.n o. Noise Injury- (Physical, Biological, Chemical) IllnessErgonomics Psychosocial 1 less than 80 dB No Injuries, Injury such as small cuts, bite by non-poisonous insect or reptile, small rash - Person resumes duty immediately (First Aid Treatment, on site release immediately resumed to work, ) Momentary discomfort / Nuisance, Person can return back to work immediately after rest Minor Discomfort Temporary restlessness due to mental exhaustion E.g. Head ache, Burning of eyes /skin, momentary Giddiness 2 81 to 90 dB Person reporting duty on next working day (Medical treatment required) Prolonged discomfort Effect on vision / Mild ache / Stress / Strain Sleeplessness / Frustration , physiological disorders due to stress E.g. Diarrhea, vomiting, Constipation, Vision Impairment 3 91 to 95 Person not reporting duty on next working day, Loss Time Injury Case Minor health impact / requiring nurse/ Self attention Sprain / Repetitive strain injury e.g. Back Ache Physiological impact requiring doctor's counseling E.g. Metal Fever, fever due to water contamination 4 96 to 105 dB Serious Injury case, Multiple/major fracture, hospitalization , Amputation or Permanent Disability Major Health impact requiring doctor's attention with medication not returning to work Muscle disorder Anxiety due to work stress / 5 > =105 dB Fatality Prolonged impact e.g. Respiratory illness Prolonged impact Mental disorder / psychological trauma Criteria for Consequence (Severity) Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 23 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 24.
    Risk analysis matrix(Inherent /bare Risk) Consequence (Severity Rating) Likelihood of Occurrence 5 - Catastrophic / Fatal 4 - Major / Extensive Injury 3 - Moderate / Medical treatment 2 - Minor Injury / First Aid 1 - Insignificant 5 Very likely 25 20 15 10 5 4 Likely 20 16 12 8 4 3 Moderate 15 12 9 6 3 2 Unlikely 10 8 6 4 2 1 Rare 5 4 3 2 1 Determination of Residual Risk Initial risk level shall be evaluated as a component of bare risk assessment R= S x L. Revaluation of risk shall be done in line with the effectiveness of control against two facts viz. Consequence (Severity Rating) (S) and Likelihood of occurrence (L) to identify residual risk after reviewing the effectiveness of control. Residual Risk = (S x L) Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 24 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 25.
     Negligible injuriesinclude bumps, small cuts, abrasions etc.  Minor injuries include those injuries that could result in time off work etc.  Major injuries include broken limbs, injuries to eyes, asphyxiation etc. Risk Rating Short Term Action Corrective Action Timeframes 3 High Risk Stop the work Restart the work only when Risk is Eliminated or reduced to acceptable low risk level. Immediate 2 Medium Risk Additional Safety measures obligatory to continue the work Implement action to reduce the risk to acceptable low/no risk level 24 Hours 1 Low Risk Additional Safety measures are required to continue the work Implement action to reduce the risk to acceptable no risk level 3 days Risk Level Criteria Residual Risk Category Actions 5 – 25 or Emergency or Severity rating =5 Significant (SIG) additional control measures shall be applied on priority with management of change shall be established 1 - 12 Acceptable (ACC) Regular monitoring of effectiveness of control Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 25 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 26.
    The idea behindthis hierarchy is that the control methods at the top of graphic are potentially more effective and protective than those at the bottom. Following this hierarchy normally leads to the implementation of inherently safer systems, where the risk of illness or injury has been substantially reduced Hierarchy of Controls Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 26 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 27.
    Level 1 Level 2 Level3 Prevention/Elimination Prevent a hazard from occurring in the first place or change the process or substitute non- hazardous materials or equipment to eliminate it. Engineered Controls Hazards are a part of the process, but physical controls, such as machine guards, minimize their risk to people and the environment. • Barriers/Guards • Containment curbs/walls • Ventilation • Pressure relief devices • Enclosures Management Controls Prevent injury by putting protective equipment on the employee, by teaching the employee to avoid the hazard, or by limiting the amount of time the individual is exposed. • Rules/procedures/instructions • Communication • Training • Job rotation • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hierarchy of Controls Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 27 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 28.
    Removing hazard permanentlyfrom the source Changing human interference using automation Prevention : By Elimination Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 28 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 29.
    Prevention : ByProcess Reengineering Using alternate option Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 29 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 30.
    When Elimination /Prevention is not feasible, We shall use methods to control the hazard to Minimize its impact. Use of engineering control Control Minimize its impact. & Engineering control Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 30 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 31.
    Admin control –Display of signage, Training, SWP’s. Control -PPE– by using appropriate PPE for selected task. Control – Administrative & PPE’s Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 31 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 32.
    Benefits of RiskAssessment 1. Reduction in Injuries & Ill Health 2. Reduction in Lost Time 3. Reduction in Claims 4. Reduction in Insurance Premiums 5. Improved Employee Morale 6. More Efficient Processes 7. Increased Productivity 8. Customer Satisfaction 9. Prestige 10. Legal Compliance Risk Assessment & Management Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 32 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 33.
    • Continuously Watchfor the Hazards around you. • Always think of how to eliminate these or control these Be vigilant on Warning Signs and Obey the warning signs100% Before Starting any activity spend two minutes to think of any hazards around. This is JHA Job Hazard Analysis Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 33 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 34.
    Some example ofHazards Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 34 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 35.
    Any chemical whichposes a health hazard Asbestos Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples: Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 35 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 36.
    Welding fumes Solderfumes Silica Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples: Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 36 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 37.
    Electrical Electricity live orstored Pneumatic Are there energy sources which could be harmful if accidental release or startup occurs? Energy sources Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 37 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 38.
    Thermal Hydraulic Energy sources Prepared By! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 38 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 39.
    Mechanical Energy sources Gravity Prepared By! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 39 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 40.
    Are there sharpobjects which could cut or pierce the body? • Glass • Knife blades • Sheet metal and Burrs. • Nails • Needles • Splinters (wood) Sharp objects Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 40 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 41.
    Are there hotor cold surfaces which could burn or freeze employees? • Welded parts • Cryogenic materials • Ovens/stoves • Molten metals cryogenic Temperature extremes Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 41 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 42.
    Lasers Welding and cutting Isthere light radiation which could be harmful to the skin or eyes? Light Radiation Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 42 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 43.
    Will employee beoperating, or be exposed to, tools/equipment which may generate flying debris? •Hammering •Sawing •Chipping •Grinding •Drilling •Buffing Flying debris Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 43 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 44.
    Will employee beoperating, or be exposed to, tools/equipment which may generate excessive noise? • Jack-hammering • Woodworking machinery • Metalworking machinery • Operating heavy equipment Excessive noise Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 44 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 45.
    Does the layoutof the workplace create a potential hazard? • Fall hazards exceeding 4 feet. • Low clearances • Confined spaces Workplace layout Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 45 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 46.
    Is there thepotential for a fire or explosion? Fire / explosion hazard Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 46 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 47.
    Fire / explosionhazard Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 47 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 48.
    Test your Knowledge PreparedBy ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 48 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 49.
    1. Improper useof ladders. 2. No use of fall protection. 3. Blocking a main exit. 4. Unsafe work practices 5. Worker standing on electrical box 1 2 3 4 5 What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 49 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 50.
    1. Cutting towardsthe body using a sharp object (razor/knife) 2. Not wearing proper glove on cutting hand. 3. Improper cutting/stripping of traveling cable. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 50 2 3 1 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 51.
    2. Oxygen/acetylene tanksimproperly stored (should be stored separately) 3. No caps on cylinders 4. Soda bottles used for storage of unknown liquids (No labeling) 5. General house keeping (cluttered) 1. Multiple flammable Storage violations What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 51 3 1 4 2 5 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 52.
    2. Barricade notsecured. 3. Electrical cord under barricade / tripping hazard. 4. No hazard signs posted 1. Improper barricade What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 52 3 1 4 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 53.
    1. Plank notfixed. 1 2. Size of plank not Appropriate for load of 2 persons. What is wrong in this? 2 Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 53 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 54.
    1. Goggles onhead, not on eyes while working. 2. Unsafe use of ladder. 3. Cluttered work bench with sharp tools. 4. Debris on floor. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 54 3 1 4 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 55.
    1. Can’t seeher/the steps due to oversize load being carried. 2. Not holding hand rail. 3. Garbage on steps. 4. Chair is obstacle. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 55 3 1 4 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 56.
    • Exit blocked. •Fire extinguisher is tripping hazard • No safety sign on electric switch. • Fire alarm blocked by mop handle. • Water Hose pipe on electric switch • Light switch not accessible. What is wrong in this? Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 56 3 1 6 4 5 2 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 57.
    Conclusion - Returnto Home safely Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 57 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
  • 58.
    Conclusion.. Its justbeginning QUESTIONS Prepared By ! Safety Professional ! www.safetymanagementsystem.co.in 58 SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management