This document provides training on risk assessment and management. It defines key terms like hazard, risk, likelihood, and consequence. It explains the process of identifying hazards, analyzing risks, and evaluating risks. Methods of risk treatment like eliminating, substituting, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE are covered. Guidelines for assessing likelihood and consequence are provided to determine risk levels. The document also discusses factors that affect risk and outlines a risk analysis matrix to evaluate inherent and residual risks.

1. Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING
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2. SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
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How do you keep your workplace safe
Our goal is to provide safe workplace to employees
establishing a sustainable workplace with zero accident
& illness.

3. SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
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Terms & Definitions
TERMS DEFINITION
Hazard Source with a potential to cause injury and ill health
Injury & ill health Adverse effect on the physical, mental or cognitive condition of a person
OH&S Risk
Combination of the likelihood of occurrence of a work- related hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury
or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)
Risk Assessment Overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation
Risk Combination of estimated magnitude of harm & possibility of the harm generated from hazard.
Risk analysis Process to comprehend the nature of risk and to determine the level of risk.
Risk evaluation
Process of comparing the results of risk analysis with risk criteria to determine whether the risk and/or its magnitude is
acceptable or tolerable
Risk Treatment Process to modify risk
Acceptable risk
Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligations and
its own OHS policy.
Residual risk Risk remaining after risk treatment
Level of risk Magnitude of a risk or combination of risks, expressed in terms of the combination of consequences and their likelihood
Hazardous situation Situation where people is exposed to the hazard(s). The exposure to the situation induces acute or chronic harm.
Hazardous zone
Danger zone
Space where people is exposed to the hazard such as the inside of and/or near the equipment.
Line of fire Where one is directly exposed to hazard is called line of fire, To be at wrong place at wrong time

4. SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
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Consequences of risk exposure
Risks Consequences
Risks Consequences
Risks Consequences
Risks Consequences
Accident ill health
An injury
To People
Loss of life
Lost working days
Compensation / fines
Extra trainings
To Plant &
processes
Damage
Lost Output
Repairs
Business interruption
To Environment
Emission
Effluent
Waste
Environment Impact
Clean up cost
Fines
Reputation
Non-compliance with regulatory &
company standards
To Product
Damage
Not to Specification
Dose not perform
Re-work, Lost output
Liability, Compensation
Loss of confidence, Market share
Non-compliance with regulatory &
company standards

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Hazard
Risk
Hazards Risk
Hazard
Risk
Hazard & Risk
What is the Hazard? What is the Risk?

6. The Falling Stone
The most important thing is not how serious the accident is, but to prevent it. Reporting an incidence is first step towards prevention
A near miss! = A near hit! An injury A serious injury
What is the Hazard? What is the Risk?
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

7. Types of Hazards
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

8. Unsafe condition or unsafe act?
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

9. Over confidence
Poor communication Poor planning Negligence
Unsafe Act/ Condition
Causes Of Accident
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Short cut procedure.
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

10. HAZARD -A hazard is any
situation, substance, activity, event,
or environment that could
potentially cause injury or ill health
SYSTEM CONTROLS HUMAN CONTROLS PHYSICAL CONTROLS
.
Hazards
Incident Causation Model
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management
When there are gaps / weakness
in the barriers, they may line up
resulting in an incident

11. What is line of fire?
11
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

12. Basic Principles of Risk Assessment
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

13. Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

14. Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

15. Identifying Hazards
Is There a Source of Harm?
Who or What Could be Harmed?
How Could Harm Occur?
What are other contributing factors?
How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
Hazard Classification
Slip/Trip/Fall
Fall From Height
Hand/Power Tools
Handling
Scaffolding (physical)
Fixed/Flying/Falling Objects
Transport
Electricity
Chemicals
Lifting Tackles/Appliances
Fire/Explosion
Fall from height
Risk Assessment & Management
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Car Top & Pit access
Testing and Commissioning
Hoisting Elevator/Escalator
Repetitive Working
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

16. Fall Hazards : Are workers working at heights?
Confined Space Entry : Do workers have to enter a confined space?
Excavations, Holes or
Floor Openings :
Can workers fall into or through?
Moving Equipment : Is there machinery, forklifts, etc. in the area?
Pinch points : Do moving parts in machinery create pinch points? Can workers get
caught in machinery or belts & pulleys, chains & sprockets, etc.?
Chemicals : Do workers use solvents, acids, bases, pesticides, consumer
products, etc.?
Crushing hazards : Can workers get crushed (under or between) objects?
Dusts : Does the process create or are workers exposed to dusts (wood
dust, grinding dusts, etc.)?
Hazard source list
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

17. Electrical Hazards What is the condition of your extension cords, wiring,
service panels, etc.?
Lighting Levels Is there enough light to do the work?
Stored Energy Hazards
(Electrical, mechanical,
pressure)
Can stored energy be released by the work? (Lock-out/Tag-
out)
Falling or dropping objects Are people working overhead?
Motor vehicles or traffic: Do workers have to drive/work in traffic as part of the job?
Sharp objects: Do workers use knives, razors, etc.?
Slip, trip or fall hazards What is the condition of the walking/ working surfaces,
housekeeping, etc.?
Physical layout of work place Does the layout or process flow create a hazard?
Ladder or Scaffold use Are ladders or scaffolds used in the work?
Hazard source list
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

18. Weather : Can the weather create hazards?
Fire/Explosion : Is there a potential for a fire or explosion?
Access and Egress : Can workers safely get to their work areas? Can they safely
evacuate in the case of an emergency?
Process Flow : Does the flow of product through the process create a hazard?
Location of co-workers or
other workers in the area:
Does the work pose a hazard to them, or does their work pose a
hazard to the job being analyzed?
Human factor issues : Is the training adequate? Are the workers fatigued? How fit are the
workers, etc.?
Material Moving or
Handling :
Do workers have to lift or carry heavy objects?
Repetitive Motion : Does the job require repetitive motion (typing, etc.)?
Hazard source list
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

19. Hazards in elevators / escalators / moving walk installation, maintenance and
inspection. The main ection activities according to area of work are:
 Top of Car
 Pit
 Inside of Car
 Outside of car
 Machine Room
 Escalator / Moving Walk
 Storage area (Site as well as Central warehouse)
 Office works
Potential hazards that can exist in the above activities can include but not
limited to:
 Equipment movement (Car / Escalator / Moving Walk)
 Electrical
 Energized High Voltage
 Energized Low Voltage
 De-energized
 Inspecting controller
 Use of Meters
 Overhead clearances
 Housekeeping
List of main hazards for consideration while conducting RA
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

20. List of main hazards for consideration while conducting RA
 Site conditions
 Stairways
 Ladders
 Projections
 Walking surfaces
 Floor openings
 Falling objects
 The potential Hazards during construction are:
 Falls from working at height,
 Slips and trips,
 Being struck by falling objects,
 Moving heavy loads,
 Bad working positions, often in limited spaces,
 Being struck or crushed by a workplace vehicle,
 Receiving injuries from hand tools,
 Inhalation of dust,
 Handling of rough materials,
 Loud noise,
 Vibration from tools or vibrating machinery.
 Mechanical / Mechanical repairs
 Blowers
 Welding
 Soldering
 Cutting
 Hoisting
 Grinding
 Sanding / Chiselling
 Babbitting
 Drilling
 Power actuated tools
 Metal working / Handling
 Roping
 PPEs used in general:
 Eyes: - Safety goggles
 Face: - Cotton nose mask
 Hands / Arms - Protective glove
 Head - Standard Hard hat / Other
 Feet / Legs - Safety Shoes
 Other additional controls (for consideration if doesn’t exist at
present):
 Personal fall arrest system
 Lifeline
 Guardrails / Barricades
 Hole coverings
 Lockout / Tag-out
 Stop Switch Procedure (e.g. top-of-car emergency stop switch)
 GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit)
 Moving equipment
 Others (unspecified)
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

21. Factors Affecting Likelihood & Consequence
 Individual
 knowledge/skills
 training
 experience
 attitude
 risk perception
 mental/physical condition & capability
 workload/work patterns
 equipment/tools
 process
 guarding/controls
Risk Assessment & Management
 environment
 maintenance regime
 PPE
 emergency arrangements
 training/information/instruction
 procedures
 supervision
 communications
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

22. •Determining Risk
• Likelihood (Probability)
• Consequence (Severity)
Criteria for Rating Likelihood of occurrence
Rating Likelihood of occurrence Description
1 Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances
2 Yearly May occur at some time & less likely than not
3 Monthly Might occur at some time or more likely than not
4 Weekly Will probably occur in most circumstances
5 Daily Is expected to occur in most circumstances
Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

23. Sr.n
o.
Noise
Injury- (Physical, Biological,
Chemical)
Illness Ergonomics Psychosocial
1
less than 80
dB
No Injuries, Injury such as small cuts, bite
by non-poisonous insect or reptile, small
rash - Person resumes duty immediately
(First Aid Treatment, on site release
immediately resumed to work, )
Momentary discomfort / Nuisance, Person
can return back to work immediately after
rest
Minor Discomfort
Temporary restlessness
due to mental exhaustion
E.g. Head ache, Burning of eyes /skin,
momentary Giddiness
2 81 to 90 dB
Person reporting duty on next working
day (Medical treatment required)
Prolonged discomfort
Effect on vision / Mild ache
/ Stress / Strain
Sleeplessness /
Frustration , physiological
disorders due to stress
E.g. Diarrhea, vomiting, Constipation, Vision
Impairment
3 91 to 95
Person not reporting duty on next
working day, Loss Time Injury Case
Minor health impact / requiring nurse/ Self
attention Sprain / Repetitive strain
injury e.g. Back Ache
Physiological impact
requiring doctor's
counseling
E.g. Metal Fever, fever due to water
contamination
4
96 to 105
dB
Serious Injury case, Multiple/major
fracture, hospitalization , Amputation or
Permanent Disability
Major Health impact requiring doctor's
attention with medication not returning to
work
Muscle disorder
Anxiety due to work
stress /
5 > =105 dB Fatality Prolonged impact e.g. Respiratory illness Prolonged impact
Mental disorder /
psychological trauma
Criteria for Consequence (Severity)
Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

24. Risk analysis matrix (Inherent /bare Risk)
Consequence (Severity Rating)
Likelihood of
Occurrence
5 - Catastrophic /
Fatal
4 - Major /
Extensive Injury
3 - Moderate /
Medical treatment
2 - Minor
Injury / First
Aid
1 -
Insignificant
5 Very likely 25 20 15 10 5
4 Likely 20 16 12 8 4
3 Moderate 15 12 9 6 3
2 Unlikely 10 8 6 4 2
1 Rare 5 4 3 2 1
Determination of Residual Risk
Initial risk level shall be evaluated as a component of bare risk assessment R= S x L.
Revaluation of risk shall be done in line with the effectiveness of control against two facts viz. Consequence
(Severity Rating) (S) and Likelihood of occurrence (L) to identify residual risk after reviewing the
effectiveness of control.
Residual Risk = (S x L)
Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

25.  Negligible injuries include bumps, small cuts, abrasions etc.
 Minor injuries include those injuries that could result in time off work etc.
 Major injuries include broken limbs, injuries to eyes, asphyxiation etc.
Risk Rating Short Term Action Corrective Action Timeframes
3 High Risk Stop the work
Restart the work only when Risk is Eliminated
or reduced to acceptable low risk level.
Immediate
2 Medium Risk
Additional Safety measures
obligatory to continue the work
Implement action to reduce the risk to
acceptable low/no risk level
24 Hours
1 Low Risk
Additional Safety measures are
required to continue the work
Implement action to reduce the risk to
acceptable no risk level
3 days
Risk Level Criteria
Residual Risk Category Actions
5 – 25 or Emergency or
Severity rating =5
Significant (SIG)
additional control measures shall be applied on priority with
management of change shall be established
1 - 12 Acceptable (ACC) Regular monitoring of effectiveness of control
Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

26. The idea behind this hierarchy is that the control
methods at the top of graphic are potentially
more effective and protective than those at the
bottom. Following this hierarchy normally leads to
the implementation of inherently safer systems,
where the risk of illness or injury has been
substantially reduced
Hierarchy of Controls
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

27. Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Prevention/Elimination
Prevent a hazard from occurring in the first place or change the process or substitute non-
hazardous materials or equipment to eliminate it.
Engineered Controls
Hazards are a part of the process, but physical controls, such as machine guards, minimize
their risk to people and the environment.
• Barriers/Guards • Containment curbs/walls
• Ventilation • Pressure relief devices
• Enclosures
Management Controls
Prevent injury by putting protective equipment on the employee, by teaching the employee
to avoid the hazard, or by limiting the amount of time the individual is exposed.
• Rules/procedures/instructions • Communication
• Training • Job rotation
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hierarchy of Controls
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

28. Removing hazard permanently from the
source
Changing human interference using
automation
Prevention : By Elimination
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

29. Prevention : By Process Reengineering
Using alternate option
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

30. When Elimination / Prevention is not feasible,
We shall use methods to control the hazard to
Minimize its impact.
Use of engineering control
Control Minimize its impact. & Engineering control
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

31. Admin control – Display of signage, Training,
SWP’s.
Control -PPE– by using appropriate PPE for
selected task.
Control – Administrative & PPE’s
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

32. Benefits of Risk Assessment
1. Reduction in Injuries & Ill Health
2. Reduction in Lost Time
3. Reduction in Claims
4. Reduction in Insurance Premiums
5. Improved Employee Morale
6. More Efficient Processes
7. Increased Productivity
8. Customer Satisfaction
9. Prestige
10. Legal Compliance
Risk Assessment & Management
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

33. • Continuously Watch for the Hazards
around you.
• Always think of how to eliminate these or
control these
Be vigilant on Warning Signs and Obey the warning signs100%
Before Starting any activity spend two
minutes to think of any hazards around.
This is JHA
Job Hazard Analysis
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

34. Some example of Hazards
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

35. Any chemical which poses a health
hazard
Asbestos
Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples:
Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

36. Welding fumes Solder fumes Silica
Are employees exposed to chemicals or harmful dusts/mists/fumes? Examples:
Harmful Dusts/Mists/Fumes
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

37. Electrical
Electricity live or stored
Pneumatic
Are there energy sources which could be harmful if accidental release or startup occurs?
Energy sources
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

38. Thermal
Hydraulic
Energy sources
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

39. Mechanical
Energy sources
Gravity
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

40. Are there sharp objects which could
cut or pierce the body?
• Glass
• Knife blades
• Sheet metal and Burrs.
• Nails
• Needles
• Splinters (wood)
Sharp objects
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

41. Are there hot or cold surfaces
which could burn or freeze
employees?
• Welded parts
• Cryogenic materials
• Ovens/stoves
• Molten metals
cryogenic
Temperature extremes
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

42. Lasers
Welding and cutting
Is there light radiation which could be harmful to the skin or eyes?
Light Radiation
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

43. Will employee be operating, or be
exposed to, tools/equipment which
may generate flying debris?
•Hammering
•Sawing
•Chipping
•Grinding
•Drilling
•Buffing
Flying debris
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

44. Will employee be operating, or be exposed to,
tools/equipment which may generate excessive noise?
• Jack-hammering
• Woodworking machinery
• Metalworking machinery
• Operating heavy equipment
Excessive noise
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

45. Does the layout of the workplace create a potential hazard?
• Fall hazards exceeding 4 feet.
• Low clearances
• Confined spaces
Workplace layout
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

46. Is there the potential for a fire or explosion?
Fire / explosion hazard
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

47. Fire / explosion hazard
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

48. Test your Knowledge
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

49. 1. Improper use of ladders.
2. No use of fall protection.
3. Blocking a main exit.
4. Unsafe work practices
5. Worker standing on electrical box
1
2
3
4
5
What is wrong in this?
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

50. 1. Cutting towards the body using a sharp object
(razor/knife)
2. Not wearing proper glove on cutting hand.
3. Improper cutting/stripping of traveling cable.
What is wrong in this?
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2
3
1
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

51. 2. Oxygen/acetylene tanks improperly stored
(should be stored separately)
3. No caps on cylinders
4. Soda bottles used for storage of unknown liquids
(No labeling)
5. General house keeping (cluttered)
1. Multiple flamable Storage violations
What is wrong in this?
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3
1
4
2
5
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

52. 2. Barricade not secured.
3. Electrical cord under barricade / tripping hazard.
4. No hazard signs posted
1. Improper barricade
What is wrong in this?
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3
1
4
2
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

53. 1. Plank not fixed. 1
2. Size of plank not Appropriate for load of 2 persons.
What is wrong in this?
2
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SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

54. 1. Goggles on head, not on eyes
while working.
2. Unsafe use of ladder.
3. Cluttered work bench with
sharp tools.
4. Debris on floor.
What is wrong in this?
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3
1
4
2
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

55. 1. Can’t see her/the steps due to oversize
load being carried.
2. Not holding hand rail.
3. Garbage on steps.
4. Chair is obstacle.
What is wrong in this?
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3
1
4
2
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

56. • Exit blocked.
• Fire extinguisher is tripping hazard
• No safety sign on electric switch.
• Fire alarm blocked by mop handle.
• Water Hose pipe on electric switch
• Light switch not accessible.
What is wrong in this?
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3
1
6
4
5 2
SAFETY TRAINING - Risk Assessment & Management

57. Conclusion - Return to Home safely
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58. Conclusion.. Its just beginning
QUESTIONS
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