This document provides information about retaining walls. It defines retaining walls and their purpose to provide stability to natural terrain when slopes are modified. It describes the main types of retaining walls: gravity walls, cantilever walls, and counterfort walls. It also discusses the loads acting on retaining walls, including active earth pressure, passive earth pressure, self-weight, and surcharge loads. The document includes an example problem to calculate the factor of safety against sliding and overturning for a concrete gravity retaining wall.
Loads considered while designing a building according to Indian standarsSrinivasRowthu
This PPT includes the loads that are considering while designing a building according to Indian standards and the codes to be followed and with a neat images
Loads considered while designing a building according to Indian standarsSrinivasRowthu
This PPT includes the loads that are considering while designing a building according to Indian standards and the codes to be followed and with a neat images
Seismic soil retaining walls - ضغط تربة الزلازل على جدران الأقبية -الساندة ...Dr.Youssef Hammida
Seismic Earth Pressures on Retaining Structures and Basement Walls
In the present state of knowledge, the recommended method of obtaining seismic soil forces is that using equivalent-static analysis. Only for exceptional structures would dynamic analyses using finite elements seem warranted.
In the equivalent-static method, a horizontal earthquake force equal to the weight of the soil wedge multiplied by a seismic coefficient is assumed to act at the centre of gravity of the soil mass. This earthquake force is additional to the static forces on the wall.
In general, the total soil pressure on a wall during an earthquake equals the sum of three possible components:
(1) static pressure due to gravity loads;
(2) dynamic pressure due to the earthquake;
(3) pressure due to the wall being displaced into the backfill by an external force, e.g. by the horizontal sway of a bridge deck at a monolithic abutment
While Designing a High rise Load & Structural Analysis is major factor to consider. Here we analyzed some data and try to describe briefly. We hope that it will help you lot :) Done by Neeti Lamic, Bayezid, Sykot Hasan
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
Seismic soil retaining walls - ضغط تربة الزلازل على جدران الأقبية -الساندة ...Dr.Youssef Hammida
Seismic Earth Pressures on Retaining Structures and Basement Walls
In the present state of knowledge, the recommended method of obtaining seismic soil forces is that using equivalent-static analysis. Only for exceptional structures would dynamic analyses using finite elements seem warranted.
In the equivalent-static method, a horizontal earthquake force equal to the weight of the soil wedge multiplied by a seismic coefficient is assumed to act at the centre of gravity of the soil mass. This earthquake force is additional to the static forces on the wall.
In general, the total soil pressure on a wall during an earthquake equals the sum of three possible components:
(1) static pressure due to gravity loads;
(2) dynamic pressure due to the earthquake;
(3) pressure due to the wall being displaced into the backfill by an external force, e.g. by the horizontal sway of a bridge deck at a monolithic abutment
While Designing a High rise Load & Structural Analysis is major factor to consider. Here we analyzed some data and try to describe briefly. We hope that it will help you lot :) Done by Neeti Lamic, Bayezid, Sykot Hasan
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
General Information of Retaining Walls about its type, design and functionality; This file does not comprise of detail study of the Retaining Walls but for a startup it may help students!!!
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
Retaining walls are used to retain earth (or other material) in a vertical position at locations where an abrupt change in ground level occurs.
The walls therefore prevents the retained earth from assuming its natural angle of repose.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
APC has a complete range of large format pavers, mansonry pavers, retaining walls for all indoor / outdoor large format paving projects. Browse our large collection for choosing your favorite color and style! Call us at 1800 191
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
ML for identifying fraud using open blockchain data.pptx
S8 trabajo muros de contención-re2
1. PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN PARA ADULTOS
INGENIERÍA CIVIL
CURSO DE MECÁNICA DE SUELOS
AUTORES:
• BALERIO DE LA CRUZ, Abelardo
• CHAVEZ MONTERROSO, Vitorino
• PANTOJA URBANO, Aly
• PÉREZ CERVERA, Omar
• RODAS CORDOVA, Cesar Humberto
MUROS DE CONTENCIÓN
2. LOS MUROS DE CONTENCION
Los muros de contención son estructuras que
proporcionan estabilidad al terreno natural u
otro material cuando se modifica su talud
natural. Se utiliza como soporte de rellenos,
productos y agua
Los muros de contención tienen como
finalidad resistir las presiones laterales o
empuje producido por el material retenido
detrás de ellos.
Los muros de contención se comportan
básicamente como voladizos empotrados en
su base.
3. TIPOS DE MUROS DE CONTENCION
Los tipos de muros de
contención son:
• Gravedad, utiliza su propio peso para
estabilidad basan su estabilidad en su peso
propio . Son económicos para salvar
desniveles de hasta 3 m. En
general son de concreto simple
Muros de
Gravedad
Muros en
Voladizo
Muros con
Contrafuerte
• Muros en voladizo, son siempre de
concreto armado se utilizan para alturas
de hasta 8 m .Su estabilidad se logra no
solo con el peso de la estructura sino
principalmente con el peso del relleno.
4. TIPOS DE MUROS DE CONTENCION
Los tipos de muros de
contención son:
Muros de
Gravedad
Muros en
Voladizo
Muros con
Contrafuerte
Muros con contrafuertes
• Se utilizan para desniveles mayores
que 6 m.
• Diseñado altas presiones de tierra.
• El contrafuerte está sujeto a tensión
5. CARGAS QUE ACTUAN SOBRE LOS MUROS DE CONTENCION
Están sometidos a:
• Empuje activo (Ea)
• Empuje pasivo del suelo
• Peso propio de muro
• Reacción vertical del suelo
• Fricción de la base
• Sobrecarga del relleno
6. CARGAS QUE ACTUAN SOBRE LOS MUROS DE CONTENCION
Están sometidos a:
• Empuje activo (Ea)
Si el muro de sostenimiento
cede, el relleno de tierra se
expande en dirección
horizontal, originando esfuerzos
de corte en el suelo, se llama
empuje activo de la tierra
7. Calculo de Muros de Contención
𝐸𝑎 =
1
2
∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾 ∗ ℎ2
𝑦 =
ℎ
3
K𝑎 =
1−sin ∅
1−sin ∅
ϒ=peso especifico del relleno Kg./𝑚3.
Ka= Coeficiente de presión activa de la tierra.
𝜹= Ángulo formado por la tierra de relleno.
Ø= Ángulo de fricción interna del material de relleno.
Teoría de Rankine
Empuje Activo
8. Calculo de Muros de Contención
𝐸𝑎 =
1
2
∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾 ∗ ℎ2
𝑦 =
ℎ
3
K𝑎 =
1−sin ∅
1−sin ∅
ϒ=peso especifico del relleno Kg./𝑚3.
Ka= Coeficiente de presión activa de la tierra.
𝜹= Ángulo formado por la tierra de relleno.
Ø= Ángulo de fricción interna del material de relleno.
Empuje Activo
Valores referenciales de pesos unitarios y
ángulos de fricción interna (Harmsen 2002)
9. ESTABILIDAD DE MUROS
Se debe proporcionar un adecuado factor
de seguridad contra el deslizamiento.
Se puede utilizar factor contra el volteo
para aumentar la estabilidad.
CSD =
suma de fuerzas resistentes
suma de fuerzas actuantes
>1.5
CSD =
Ff
FD
≥1.5
CSD =
(∑𝐹𝑣) ∗ 𝑓
Ea
≥1.5
CSV =
Suma de momentos resistente
Sumade momentos actuantes
>2
CSV =
M𝑒
Mv
>2
CSV =
≪≪<
Ea∗y
>2
f = Coeficiente de fricción de la
base del muro
10. ESTABILIDAD DE MUROS
Se debe proporcionar un adecuado factor
de seguridad contra el deslizamiento.
Se puede utilizar factor contra el volteo
para aumentar la estabilidad.
CSD =
suma de fuerzas resistentes
suma de fuerzas actuantes
>1.5
CSD =
Ff
FD
≥1.5
CSD =
(∑𝐹𝑣) ∗ 𝑓
Ea
≥1.5
CSV =
Suma de momentos resistente
Sumade momentos actuantes
>2
CSV =
M𝑒
Mv
>2
CSV =
𝒘𝟏∗𝒓𝟏+𝒘𝟐∗𝒓𝟐+⋯.+𝒘n∗𝒓n
Ea∗y
>2
f = Coeficiente de fricción de la
base del muro
TABLA DE VALORES “f”
11. PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN
Enunciado del Problema
Se tiene un muro de contención de
concreto simple. Evaluar sus criterios
de estabilidad al deslizamiento y
estabilidad al volteo. No considerar el
empuje pasivo.
ϒ=1900kg/m3(peso específico material del relleno)
Ø=28°(ángulo de fricción interna material del relleno)
f=0.5 (coeficiente fricción en la base del muro)
12. PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN
Datos y Esquema del Problema
Verificación de Estabilidad
𝑦 =
ℎ
3
K𝑎 =
1−sin ∅
1−sin ∅
ϒ=1900kg/m3
Ø=28°
f=0.5
h=4 m
K𝑎 = 0.36
𝐸𝑎 =
1
2
∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾 ∗ ℎ2
𝐸𝑎 =
1
2
∗ 0.36 ∗ 1900kg/m3 ∗ (4𝑚)2
𝐸𝑎 =5472 kg/m
Altura de aplicación Ea 𝑦 =
ℎ
3
𝑦 =
4
3
𝑦 = 1.33𝑚
13. PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN
Resolución del Problema
Fuerzas que actúan respecto al punto O
Cargas Cargas W (Kg) Distancia r (m) Momento (Kg-m)
W1 5635.00 1.53 8640.33
W2 3220.00 2.20 7084.00
W3 3450.00 1.50 5175.00
W4 3990.00 2.70 10773.00
16295.00 31672.33
14. PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN
Resolución del Problema
Estabilidad por Volteo
Cargas Cargas W (Kg) Distancia r (m) Momento (Kg-m)
W1 5635.00 1.53 8640.33
W2 3220.00 2.20 7084.00
W3 3450.00 1.50 5175.00
W4 3990.00 2.70 10773.00
16295.00 31672.33
CSV =
M𝑒
Mv
>2 CSV =
(𝒘𝟏∗𝒓𝟏+𝒘𝟐∗𝒓𝟐+⋯.+𝒘4∗𝒓4)
Ea∗y
>2
CSV =
31 672.33
5472∗1.33
>2 CSV = 3.64>2
𝐸𝑎 =5472 kg/m 𝑦 = 1.33𝑚
No se voltea
15. PROBLEMA DE APLICACIÓN
Resolución del Problema
Estabilidad por Deslizamiento
Cargas Cargas W (Kg) Distancia r (m) Momento (Kg-m)
W1 5635.00 1.53 8640.33
W2 3220.00 2.20 7084.00
W3 3450.00 1.50 5175.00
W4 3990.00 2.70 10773.00
16295.00 31672.33
CSD =
16295 ∗ 0.5
5472
>1.5 CSD = 2.08 >1.5
𝐸𝑎 =5472 kg/m 𝑦 = 1.33𝑚
No se desliza
CSD =
(∑𝐹𝑣) ∗ 𝑓
Ea
≥1.5
Por dato =>f=0.5
16. CONCLUSIÓN
una vez realizado el diseño del muro de contención; se verifico que la
estabilidad por deslizamiento y volteo. se encuentra dentro de los
limites de recomendables
CSV = 3.64>2 CSD = 2.08 >1.5
el diseño de muros dependen principalmente de las caracteristicas de la
estructura y de la tierra a soportar.
es muy importante establecer y conocer las condiciones del lugar en
donde se desplantara el muro, asi como las condiciones de relleno.
17. RECOMENDACIONES
1. TENGA EN CUENTA EL ALMACENAMIENTO DE LOS
MATERIALES.
lo ideal es que sean guardados bajo techo y en un lugar
seco. esto con el propósito de evitar el deterioro de los
empaques de los geosintéticos.
2. AL MOMENTO DE REALIZAR LA LOCALIZACIÓN Y EL
REPLANTEO EN EL TERRENO.
es recomendable una adecuada localización del muro,
teniendo en cuenta sus tres dimensiones: altura,
profundidad y longitud. haga un énfasis importante en la
pendiente de la cara, de manera que pueda localizar con
exactitud el punto de origen de la construcción en la
ladera.
18. 3. EN CUANTO A LA EXCAVACIÓN Y EL MOVIMIENTO DE TIERRAS, CONSIDERE LO
SIGUIENTE:
* escoja el equipo adecuado estimando el tamaño del proyecto. esto
con el propósito de no afectar el rendimiento.
*en la medida en que alcance el nivel de cimentación del proyecto,
verifique que el material encontrado cumple con las condiciones
contempladas en el diseño.
*en los casos en los que se encuentren condiciones críticas de
estabilidad en la ladera, conviene utilizar un sistema de construcción
por dovelas.
19. 4. NO SUBESTIME EL SISTEMA DE SUBDRENAJE.
este está compuesto por tres partes fundamentales: un lecho
filtrante en la base del muro, un dren en el espaldón de la
estructura y unos drenes horizontales en el núcleo reforzado.
asegúrese de incluirlo a la obra pues cualquier ahorro puede ser
crítico para la seguridad del proyecto.
20. 5. CUANDO ESTÉ CONFORMANDO EL RELLENO REFORZADO, SIGA ESTAS
SUGERENCIAS:
al cortar la geomalla asegúrese de que la longitud de la misma contempla
la longitud de refuerzo, el espaciamiento vertical y el cierre de la capa
21. * verifique que la referencia de la geomalla sea la especificada, por el
diseño, para cada una de las capas.
* asegúrese de que la dirección de refuerzo de la geomalla esta colocada,
de manera perpendicular, a la cara del muro.
22. * cuando no se consideran fachadas en escamas o bloques de
concreto, lo más acertado es el uso de sacos de polipropileno rellenos, a
manera de formaleta, en la fachada del muro
23. * cerciórese de que exista un traslapo mínimo, de entre 15 y 20 cm entre
geomallas, para que quede reforzada el área de cada una de las capas.
•utilice equipo liviano cerca de la cara del muro y equipo pesado en el
cuerpo del terraplén para alcanzar el grado de compactación deseado y
disminuir las deformaciones