The skeletal system provides structure, protection, and movement for the body. It consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. There are different types of bones including long bones in the arms and legs, short bones in the wrists and ankles, flat bones like ribs, and irregular bones like vertebrae. Ligaments connect bones to create joints, while tendons connect muscles to bones. Joints can be movable or fixed and allow the skeleton to support shape and movement.

1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

2. Skeletal system is the frame work of the body and provides support and protection. Skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living organisms.

3. The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, joints and cartilage.

5. Supporting framework.

6. Protection to delicate and vital organs.

7. Presence of joints for functioning as lever.

8. Mineral storage.

9. Attachment of muscles.

11. The human skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, joints and cartilage.

12. BONE There are types of bones: Compact bone, Spongy bone, long bones (like those in the arms and legs), short bones (like those found in the ankles and wrists), flat bones (like ribs and those in the skull), and irregular bones (like the vertebrae in the spine).

13. Types of bone Compact bone - Compact bone is dense and hard, especially the outer layer of the bone. Spongy bone - Made up of a lattice work of bone, the spaces are filled with red marrow which produce blood cells.

14. Classification of bones by shapeLong bones. Long bones are longer than they are wide. They are found in the arms and legs.

16. Short bones. Short bones are shaped like cubes and are found primarily in the wrist and ankles. Flat bones. Flat bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, and skull. Irregular bones. Irregular bones are different shaped and are not classified as long, short, or flat. They include the hip bones, vertebrae, and various bones in the skull.

18. LIGAMENTS Ligaments are bands of tough, fibrous material that are used to connect bones to create joints.

19. TENDONS Tendons are similar in structure to ligaments but are used to connect muscles to bones. A joint strain occurs when a tendon is damaged.

21. JOINTS Joints are formed at any point where two bones connect. Joints can be movable, like ankles and knees, or they can be fixed like the joints in the skull.

25. Sternum or breast-bone: it is a flat, narrow but about 15 cm long dagger-like bone present in the middle front part. Pelvic girdle: it is a trough like bony structure formed by union of two similar halves or hip bones with themselves anterior and with the sacrum posteriorly. Each innominate is formed by union of 3 bones – ischium, pubis and ilium.

26. Additional informations: A baby has 300 bones at birth. As they grow older the small bones grow together until finally, as an adult, there are 206.

27. Major bone disorders: - Osteoporosis - Paget's Disease The most common disease after osteoporosis is a progressive increase in bone loss in a body area, such as a hip, called Paget's disease. - Arthritis

28. Male vs. female- a man’s skeleton is larger- in a female, the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet are usually much wider

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