The document discusses tachypnea, highlighting that Christina, a 65-year-old woman, exhibits a normal respiratory rate and is not suffering from related diseases. It outlines normal respiratory rates for different age groups and explains why infants have higher rates due to metabolism and lung development. The document also explains how the body regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels through changes in blood vessel dilation.

1. 1
TACYPNEA
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN

2. HISTORY TAKING

3. FOR OUR CASE
• Christina, a 65 years old woman does not
experiencing tachypnea
• It means her respiratory rate is in between 12-
20 breath / minutes, which is normal.
• So we can conclude that she is not suffered by
any disease that related to tachypnea.
• Diseases such as heart diseases,depression
and others.

4. TACYPNEA

5. • Condition of rapid breathing
The normal respiratory rate changes with age. The normal rates
are as given below for specific ages:
Newborns: 30-40 breaths per minute
Less Than 1 Year: 30-40 breaths per minute
1-3 Years: 23-35 breaths per minute
3-6 Years: 20-30 breaths per minute
6-12 Years: 18-26 breaths per minute
12-17 Years: 12-20 breaths per minute
Adults Over 18: 12–20 breaths per minute.

6. Why respiratory rates for baby is
higher than adults ?
Because they have higher metabolism rate
and faster heartbeat.
It also possible because their lung is not
efficient as the adult since their lung still
growing

7.  In normal breathing, both the depth and frequency
of breaths is varied
 In order to supply appropriate levels of oxygen to the
body's tissues
• If carbon dioxide levels are high, the body assumes
that oxygen levels are low, and accordingly the
brain's blood vessels dilate, to assure sufficient blood
flow and supply of oxygen. Conversely, low carbon
dioxide levels (e.g. from hyperventilation) cause the
brain's blood vessels to constrict, resulting in
reduced blood flow to the brain