The document summarizes some key causes and consequences of the Chinese Revolution: - Prior to the revolution, China was under Manchu rule and had a primarily agricultural economy with primitive industrial techniques. Mao's government paid little attention to industrialists and landowners and did not effectively organize mass support. - Japan annexed Manchuria in 1931 and invaded China in 1937. Mao's Communists maintained truces with Japan during this period. - In 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China. Chiang Kai-shek and around 600,000 nationalist troops retreated to Taiwan along with 2 million nationalist sympathizers.