The document discusses the impact of Mongol rule on medieval Russia from the 13th-15th centuries. It notes that the Mongols (1) only demanded tribute and allowed local princes to remain in power to collect taxes, (2) did not interfere with Russian culture or religion, but (3) Russian culture declined during this period as literacy decreased and the economy became dominated by peasant labor.

1. Rise of Russia
Period 4: 1450-1750

2. Do Now: How is the relationship between the ants and the
grasshoppers similar to the Russians and the Mongols?
Do Now: How is the relationship between the ants and the
grasshoppers similar to the Russians and the Mongols?

3. a. Mongols only wanted tribute – ruled through fear
b. Allowed local leaders to remain in power – princes gained experience
through collecting taxes for Mongols
c. Mongols did not interfere with Russian culture or religious beliefs
d. Russian culture declined – literacy declined, peasant labor dominated
economy, very limited manufacturing, reduced growth of cities
a. Mongols only wanted tribute – ruled through fear
b. Allowed local leaders to remain in power – princes gained experience
through collecting taxes for Mongols
c. Mongols did not interfere with Russian culture or religious beliefs
d. Russian culture declined – literacy declined, peasant labor dominated
economy, very limited manufacturing, reduced growth of cities
Impact of Mongols (Tatar Domination)

4. Batu Khan ordered Prince Michael of
Chernigov to prostrate (lie down) himself
before the tablets of Genghis Khan. When he
refused, the Mongols stabbed him to death!
Batu Khan ordered Prince Michael of
Chernigov to prostrate (lie down) himself
before the tablets of Genghis Khan. When he
refused, the Mongols stabbed him to death!
Batu Khan,
Leader of the
Golden Horde
Film ClipFilm Clip

5. Development of the Russian State (1462-1505)
A. Ivan III (Ivan the Great): led Russian freedom from Mongol ruleA. Ivan III (Ivan the Great): led Russian freedom from Mongol rule

6. • Organized strong army and
conquered Novgorod in
1478
• Set up centralized
government
• Gained loyalties of
Orthodox Christian Church
• Claimed Russia to be the
“Third Rome,” called
himself Czar (Tsar) and
married the niece of the
last Byzantine Emperor
• Imperial mission to expand
Russian territory (Muscovy
tripled in size)
• Organized strong army and
conquered Novgorod in
1478
• Set up centralized
government
• Gained loyalties of
Orthodox Christian Church
• Claimed Russia to be the
“Third Rome,” called
himself Czar (Tsar) and
married the niece of the
last Byzantine Emperor
• Imperial mission to expand
Russian territory (Muscovy
tripled in size)
Development of the Russian State (1462-1505)

7. •Developed strict autocratic government – ruled through fear
•Killed nobles (Boyars) who went against him
•Developed secret police force to crush dissidents and rivals
•Developed strict autocratic government – ruled through fear
•Killed nobles (Boyars) who went against him
•Developed secret police force to crush dissidents and rivals
Ivan the Terrible

8. Ivan the Terrible

9. •Ivan IV died without an heir to the throne
•Power claimed by competing Boyars – led to civil uprisings and imposters
•Russia suffered a famine that killed one-third of the population (2 million people)
•Ivan IV died without an heir to the throne
•Power claimed by competing Boyars – led to civil uprisings and imposters
•Russia suffered a famine that killed one-third of the population (2 million people)
The Time of Troubles
False Dmitriy IFalse Dmitriy I

10. Aim: How did Peter the Great try to change the
Russian Empire in the time period 1450-1750?
Easter in Moscow in the 1600s. The Churches reflect Russian
architectural traditions, but the wall design was created by Italian
and English architects.

11. What is “Westernization”?
• An attempt to incorporate
the culture, attributes and
especially the technology
of the Western world
(Western Europe).
Consider: What do you
think might keep Peter’s
dream of a westernized
Russia from happening?

12. Building A Glorious Empire in Russia
Louis XIV’s Versailles Palace
(1668)
Peter The Great’s Winter Palace
1711
What was Peter trying to tell the world by building a palace like this one?
Answer as if you are Peter.

13. RISE OF RUSSIA
HOW DID WESTERNIZATION IMPACT RUSSIA?
POLITICAL
WESTERNIZED METHODSOLD RUSSIAN METHODS
Centralized Feudal gov’t – Prince ruled
with help of the Noble landlords
(Boyars.) Major decisions were made by
the prince and confirmed by the Boyar
Duma. A bureaucracy (prikazy)
developed – conducted everyday rule.
Secret police used for control. Military
expansion used to gain loyalty, church-
state unity
Centralized gov’t – led by Czar as
aristocratic power declined, Enlightenment
ideals adopted (Enlightened Despots)
Developed schools, literacy, science
Censored some western literature, upgraded
military

14. HOW DID WESTERNIZATION IMPACT RUSSIA?
SOCIAL
Orthodox Religion dominated, Heroic
epics, music, festivals, onion shaped domes
religious art icon painting, written history,
strong family ties, many relatives women
seen as inferior, strict role
Italian architects design buildings and palaces
Royal Court spoke French, perform ballet
Advanced schools for elite, culture gap
develops between elite and commoners

15. Do Now:
If Tsar Peter the Great is cutting off the beards of nobles to make
them look like Western Europeans, what other kinds of changes do
you think he will bring to Russia?
Tsar Peter the Great with a pair of
shears, about to remove the beard
of a conservative subject.

16. HOW DID WESTERNIZATION IMPACT RUSSIA?
ECONOMIC
Agricultural - primitive methods, local
consumption small merchant class, small
cities, no major technological changes
Based on serfdom (Coercive labor)
enforced feudal system
Developed trade network - manufactured
goods, furs, timber, wheat, begin to use
natural resources Government regulations,
created Port city of St. Petersburg
(Window to the West)

17. St. Petersburg
One of Peter's main goals was to regain access to the Baltic Sea and Baltic trade. In 1700
he started the Northern War with Sweden, which lasted for 21 years, and resulted in a
victorious Russia taking the vast lands on the Baltic coast as its spoils of war. During the
course of the war St. Petersburg was founded (1703) on the delta of the Neva River and
the city rapidly grew to become a major seaport, as Russia gained greater and greater
access to European trade routes.
One of Peter's main goals was to regain access to the Baltic Sea and Baltic trade. In 1700
he started the Northern War with Sweden, which lasted for 21 years, and resulted in a
victorious Russia taking the vast lands on the Baltic coast as its spoils of war. During the
course of the war St. Petersburg was founded (1703) on the delta of the Neva River and
the city rapidly grew to become a major seaport, as Russia gained greater and greater
access to European trade routes.

20. Based on this
graphic, what effect
do you think
Peter’s reforms
were having on the
Russian
civilization?
Predict: Do you
think Russia will be
able to compete
with Europe in spite
of the cultural and
economic split
between the nobles
and the peasants?

21. A Westernized Russia?
• How much impact do you think
Peter’s Westernization program
had on their lives?
• How do you think they felt
about their local noble dressing
like a Westerner?
Though photographed in the late
19th century, these woodchoppers
look much like their ancestors
during the time of Peter the Great.

22. The Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood 1905 and Today

23. Magnificent Great Palace at Petrodvorets, Peterhof (a place
outside St Petersburg), the abundance of fountains, gold and
greenery.

25. Catherine the Great
Treatment of Social Classes
•Freed nobles from state services and taxes
•Increased serfdom
•Made nobles status hereditary, gave them full control over their serfs – could sell them
•No merchant class
•Freed nobles from state services and taxes
•Increased serfdom
•Made nobles status hereditary, gave them full control over their serfs – could sell them
•No merchant class
So much for all that “liberty”
talk! If we complain, we will be
whipped and imprisoned for life!
So much for all that “liberty”
talk! If we complain, we will be
whipped and imprisoned for life!

26. Enlightened Despot
•Friend of Voltaire and other philosophes
•Patronized the arts, created Hermitage Museum
•Increased education – especially for girls
•Created medical commission – took first vaccine in Russia and improved medical conditions
•Encouraged modernization of agriculture and industry
•Relaxed censorship laws
•Friend of Voltaire and other philosophes
•Patronized the arts, created Hermitage Museum
•Increased education – especially for girls
•Created medical commission – took first vaccine in Russia and improved medical conditions
•Encouraged modernization of agriculture and industry
•Relaxed censorship laws
Catherine the Great
Catherine believed that all citizens are equal and
subject to the same laws! Did you know that
Catherine is actually a pen pal of Voltaire!
Catherine believed that all citizens are equal and
subject to the same laws! Did you know that
Catherine is actually a pen pal of Voltaire!

27. The Pugachev Rebellion
Pugachev's Rebellion (or the Cossack
Rebellion) of 1774-75 was the principal
revolt in a series of popular rebellions that
took place in Russia after Catherine II
seized power in 1762.
It began as an organized insurrection of
Cossacks headed by Emelyan Pugachev, a
disaffected ex-lieutenant of the Russian
Imperial army. After the initial success,
Pugachev assumed leadership of an
alternative government and claimed to be
the assassinated Tsar Peter III.
Tsar Peter III
Emelyan Pugachev
Reaction of Peasants

28. Reaction of Peasants
Set up gov’t in Ukraine – abolished serfdom, did away with
taxes, threw out compulsory military service
Catherine mobilized against him – captured him and
brought him to St. Petersburg in a cage and killed.
Set up gov’t in Ukraine – abolished serfdom, did away with
taxes, threw out compulsory military service
Catherine mobilized against him – captured him and
brought him to St. Petersburg in a cage and killed.
Catherine the Great
Pugachev’s "royal decrees" or ukases were copied and sent to villages. In these documents, he promised to
grant the people land, salt, and grain. He would lower taxes, stop military conscription and free the serfs.
Pugachev’s "royal decrees" or ukases were copied and sent to villages. In these documents, he promised to
grant the people land, salt, and grain. He would lower taxes, stop military conscription and free the serfs.
These villainous nobles must be executed!
Catherine cages me like she cages all the
peasants of Russia!
These villainous nobles must be executed!
Catherine cages me like she cages all the
peasants of Russia!

29. Expanded the Empire
Added 200,000 square miles to empire
Won Crimean Black Sea port from Ottomans
Pushed for colonization of Siberia – Claimed Alaska
Partitioned Poland with Prussia and Austria
Added 200,000 square miles to empire
Won Crimean Black Sea port from Ottomans
Pushed for colonization of Siberia – Claimed Alaska
Partitioned Poland with Prussia and Austria
Catherine the Great
We have finally annexed the Crimea
and have a warm water port into the
Mediterranean!
We have finally annexed the Crimea
and have a warm water port into the
Mediterranean!

30. Bio- Poem
Catherine the Great
Line 1 - Name of ruler
Line 2 - “Ruler/Leader of.....”
Line 3 - Three traits that describe the ruler
Line 4 - “Who has helped to” (2 good things)
Line 5 - “But also ”(2 bad things)
Line 6 - “Who will be remembered because of...”

31. Coercive Labor:
Western Europe vs. Eastern Europe
Western Europe Eastern Europe
Lack of labor
Monarchs allow peasants to
hire out their labor
Peasants leave for towns and cities
chartered by the monarch
Peasants pay taxes to monarchs;
monarchs now build standing
armies, infrastructure and navies
Allows kings to control the nobles
Limits on the nobility allows
merchant class to develop
Expansion and trade
Plantations and slavery
Lack of labor
Tsar increases peasant obligations to
the nobles
Nobles have near total control of the serfs
Tsars cannot control the nobles
Pugachev Rebellion ends with the help of
the nobles
Catherine squashes towns and cities
No merchant class develops in Russia
Serfs remain property of nobles
Nobles can sell serfs apart from the land