Rural Development

1. Rural Planning under
decentralized framework
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SATYA PRAKASH MEENA
ADITYA KANWAT
RAJKUMAR MEENA
SHUBHAM KUMAR
ROSHAN MEENA

2. Table of contents
 INTRODUCTION
 DEVOLUTION OF POWER
 FUNCTION AND FUNCTIONARIES
 PARTICIPATION OF MARGINALISED
GROUPS
 SOCIAL AUDIT
 ROLE OF DISTRICT PLANNING
COMMITTEE
 DISTRICT AND PERSPECTIVE
PLANS
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3. Decentralization?
 “Decentralization is the transfer of
political, administrative and fiscal
responsibilities to locally elected
bodies in urban and rural areas, and
the empowerment of communities to
exert control over these bodies”
 Decentralisation can be viewed as an
extension of delegation.
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4. Why decentralization?
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5. Background
 73RD Amendment act of
parliament,1992.
 It Gave practical shape to Article 40 of
the constitution . “The State shall take
steps to organize village panchayats
and endow them with such powers
and authority as may be necessary to
enable them to function as units of self
government”
 Constitutional obligatgion of the states
to adopt the new panchayati raj.
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6. Structure of the panchayati raj
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7. Devolution of Power
• Devolution means transfer of powers relating to a specific
activity from the State Government to the local self-
governments.
• Funds, Functions and Functionaries would help each other
with regard to transfer of powers in PRIs.
• The Constitution has provided the following powers to
PRIs:
1. Article 243-G vests powers in the State Governments to endow
Panchayats with such powers and authority as may be necessary to
enable them to function as institutions of self-government.
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8. 2. Article 243-H vests powers in the State Governments to authorize;
Panchayats to levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and
fees; Assign taxes, duties, tolls and fees collected by States to
Panchayats.
3. Article 243-I provides for constitution of a state Finance
Commission every five years to review the financial position of
Panchayats and to make recommendations to the Governor on
issues related to: The distribution of the state’s net proceeds of
taxes, duties etc., collected between the states.
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9. PANCHAYATI RAJ
 Panchayati Raj is a system of governance in which gram
panchayats are the basic units of administration.
 In the history of Panchayati Raj in India, on 24th April, 1993,
the constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act 1992 came into force
to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj
institutions.
 The Three-Tier System of Panchayati Raj in India
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10. VILLAGE LEVEL
 Village is the basic unit of Panchayati Raj Institutions. It is
generally a revenue unit. The unit of local government here is
called Village Panchayat.
 • Every panchayat elects a President or Sarpanch and a Vice-
President or Up-Sarpanch.
 The Panchayat Secretary and the Village Level Worker are the
two officers at the Panchayat level to assist the Sarpanch in
administration.
FUNCTIONS
• The Panchayats have two types of functions:
Mandatory Functions: Sanitation, conservancy and drainage,
drinking water, construction and maintenance of village roads,
construction and repair of public buildings, registration of births
and deaths, rural electrification, poverty alleviation programme,
preparation of annual budget and development plans,
construction and maintenance of public parks and playgrounds,
agriculture, poultry and fisheries etc. 10

11. BLOCK LEVEL
 Block or Union is the second or intermediate level of local self
government in rural India.
 Usually, a Panchayat Samiti consists of 20 to 60 villages
depending on area and population.
 The President of the Panchayat Samiti is the Pradhan, who is
elected by an electoral college consists of all members of the
panchayat Samiti and all the Panchas of the Gram Panchayat
falling within the panchas areas.
 As the Chief Executive Officer of the Panchayat Samiti, the
Block Development Officer is entrusted with the responsibility
of preparing the budget of the Samiti and places it before the
Samiti for approval.
 The Panchayat Samiti supervises the work of the Panchayats
and scrutinizes their budgets. It also reserves the right to
suggest measures for improving the functioning of the
Panchayats.
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12. DISTRICT LEVEL
 The District / Zila Panchayat constitute the apex body of the
three-tier structure of the Panchayati Raj system.
 Generally, the Zila Parishad consist of respresentatives of the
Panchayat Samiti, all members of the State Legislative and
the Parliament representing a part or whole of the district, all
district level officers of the Medical, Public Health, Public
Works, Engineering, Agriculture, Education and other
development departments. The Chairman of the Zila Parishad
is elected from among its members.
 There is a Chief Executive Officer in the Zila Parishad. He is
deputed to the Zila Parishad by the State Government. The
term of each District Panchayat is five years unless dissolved
earlier.
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13. Fuctions of zila panchayat
 The Zila Parishad, for the most part, performs co-ordinating
and supervisory functions. It coordinates the activities of the
Panchayat Samiti falling within its jurisdiction.
 The Zila Parishad also renders necessary advice to the
Government with regard to the implementation of the various
development schemes.
 It is also responsible for the maintenance of primary and
secondary schools, hospitals, dispensaries, minor irrigation
works etc.
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14. Participation of Marginalised
Groups
Marginalised:-
The person or group of persons who are
Not in centre of the things & have been put
on to the side /fringe is called Marginalised.
Social exclusion
-Tribals and Adivasies
Reasons:-
 - Different Language
 - Different Religion
 - Different Customs & Culture
 - Social Status
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15. Reservation in Panchayats-
 Under 73rd CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT ACT, 1992
 Article 243D:-Reservation of seats
 (1) Seats shall be reserved for SC/ST
-in every Panchayat and the number of seats so reserved
shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the,
total number of seats to be filled by direct election in that
Panchayat as the population of the Scheduled Castes/
Scheduled Tribes in that Panchayat area bears to the total
population of that area.
And such seats may be allotted by rotation to
different constituencies in a Panchayat
 (2) one third of the total number of seats reserved shall be
reserved for women belonging, to the SC/ST.
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16.  (3) one third (including the number of seats reserved for
women belonging to the SC/STs) of the total number of seats
to be filled by direct election in every Panchayat shall be
reserved for women.
And such seats may be allotted by rotation to
different constituencies in a Panchayat
 (4) The offices of the Chairpersons in the Panchayats at
the village or any other level shall be reserved for the SC,
ST and women in same manner as above.
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17. Challenges faced-DECENTRALISED GOVERNANCE AND MARGINALISED SECTIONS
1. Caste and gender partiality
2. Lack of adequate information and exposure
about their roles and responsibilities
3. Economic disability
4. Small groups is disadvantage and therefore
they feel powerlessness
5. Sense of difference from others
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18. Participation of women in Panchayati
Raj
 About one million women entered
Panchayats after 73rd constitutional
Amendment Act.
 40% of the elected women represented
the marginalized sections.
 70% women representatives were
illiterate and most of them had no
previous political experience.
 The role of reservation was also evident
from the fact that it emerged as an
important motivator for contesting the
first election.
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19. Annual Report, MoPR 2015-
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20.  At Gram Panchayat level proportion of 1st time elected are
86% & re-elected are 14%.
 Majority of ex-women representatives could not get re-elected
because the seat from where they were elected was de-
reserved in the next round.
 Participation of women in various activities such as attending
Gram Sabha meeting, etc. has reportedly increased (68-78
percent)
 Reservation has inspired and promoted them to contest
elections.
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21. Measures towards
improvement
 Intervals between the rotation of
reservations for women representatives
need to be extended.
 Separate quorum/gathering of women for
attendance at Gram Sabha meetings.
 Meetings of the gram sabha be preceded
by meetings of the Mahila Sabha.
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22. Provision for Scheduled Castes
and Tribes
Melavalavu case, Tamil Nadu (Human Rights Watch)
 A village in Madurai district of tamil nadu
 Declared a panchayat reserved for scheduled castes in october
1996
 Dominant caste created conditions in which the polls could not be
held
 The second effort to hold elections was also ruined by violence and
booth capturing.
 Forcibly stopped the scheduled caste sarpanch and up-sarpanch to
enter the panchayat office.
 Finally, on 30 June 1997, the sarpanch and up-sarpanch along with
their three accompanying persons were murdered
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23. Provision:-
 The 73rd Amendment comprises several provisions
that protect and cultivate the rights of the
marginalised groups.
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24. Current situation
 The scheduled castes and other marginalised castes
representatives are not getting the power and status
they deserve.
 Sarpanches are continuously forced out by a variety of
methods like rigged suspension, manipulated vote of
confidence.
 In such a situation they simply follow the decisions and
wishes of the upper dominant castes.
 The lower castes do not have a supportive redressal
mechanism.
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25. Positive developments
 The Panchayats were described as "gate keepers that prevent the
flow of benefits to weaker section" in the report of the Block Level
Planning Committee ,1978
 It is hoped the menace of caste and gender discrimination would
also be diluted slowly and gradually
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26. SOCIAL AUDIT
 Social Audit is an important
mechanism to address corruption and
strengthen accountability in
government service delivery.
 Ensures true democracy by direct
participation
 Social audit is done by Gram Sabha
facilitated by trained youth
 Comprehensive verification of records
and the field

27. Objectives
 Increasing efficacy and effectiveness of
local development programmes.
 Assessing the physical and financial gaps
between needs and resources available for
local development.
 Creating awareness among beneficiaries
and providers of local social and productive
services.
 Scrutiny of various policy decisions,
keeping in view stakeholder interests and
priorities, particularly of rural poor.

28. Advantage
 Trains the community on participatory
local planning.
 Encourages local democracy.
 Encourages community participation.
 Benefits disadvantaged groups.
 Promotes collective decision making
and sharing responsibilities.
 Develops human resources and
social capita

29. Implementation
 A grass roots organisation of Rajasthan
Mazdoor kisan Shakti Sangathan(MKSS)
started the concept of the social audit while
fighting corruption in the public works in the
early 1990s
 The mass social audit of NREGA in
Dungarpur district of Rajastham under the
employment guarantee scheme.
 Across all 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh
under NREGA, 54 social audits are
conducted every month starting from July
2006.

30. District planning committee
• It was created as per article 243ZD of the
Constitution of India at the district level for planning at
the district and below.
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Source: Indian constitution

31. Composition of DPC
 Decided by the legislature of the state with some
guidelines.
◦ Minimum 75% of members must be elected
◦ Proportional representation for rural and urban
areas
 Number of members and chair person varies
from state to state.
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32. Source : composition of DPC report by NRCDDP
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33. Functions of DPC
 Providing overall leadership to the planning process
 Setting district priorities on the basis of consensus
among local-governments, civil society, academia and
other stakeholders in development
 Preparation of the Potential Linked Credit Plan (PLCP)
for the district with the support of NABARD
 Reviewing plans of local governments and
development departments during the process of
consolidation,
 particularly with a view to ensuring that these address
the district vision as a whole and are free of overlap and
duplication
 Overseeing the participative planning process to
ensure that the processes & timelines are followed
 Monitoring implementation of the approved district plan
and addressing bottlenecks that may arise.
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34. Present status of DPC
 Inadequate professional expertise
 Absence of clear cut guidelines
 Only suggestive powers are given in
various states.
 Making a state minister as in-charge is
detrimental to its core objective.
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35. DISTRICT AND
PERSPECTIVE PLANS
 Three aspects of a district plan:
◦ Plan of Rural local bodies (considering
national and state schemes, as well as
their own programmes.)
◦ Plan of Urban local bodies.
◦ Consolidation of the plans of the Rural,
urban local bodies, with the elements of
state plan.
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36. Steps to make a Perspective
plan
 Preparation of district stock taking report.
 District vision building exercise.
 Communication of district vision to each
planning unit.
 Unit wise planning based on priorities.
 Bringing together plans of smaller units
to higher level – explore linkages.
 Integration, consolidation, final approval
by DPC
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37.  Major Departments where unit wise
planning maybe required:
◦ Education
◦ Health
◦ Women and child Development
◦ Public Health
◦ PWD
◦ Rural Development
◦ Agriculture, animal Husbandry, Horticulture,
Fishery
◦ Planning & Statistics
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38. Thank you
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