different tiers of local govt. in india

1. INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
‘’Concept Of Democratic Decentralization’’
Rural Agricultural Work Experience
EXT-411(0+4)
Presented by:- Kumar Harsh
01-09-2018
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2. OVERVIEW
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 Historical Perspective Of Local Government,
 Balwantrai Mehta Committee Report,
 73rd Amendment Of Constitution,
 Panchayati raj system.

3. “My idea of village swaraj is that it is a complete republic,
independent of its neighbors for its own vital wants, and yet
interdependent for many others in which dependence is a
necessity. “Mahatma Gandhi’’
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4. THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALIZATION
 Decentralization is the process of redistributing or dispersing
functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or
authority.
 Democratic decentralization can be defined as meaningful authority
devolved to local units of governance that are accessible and
accountable to the local citizenry, who enjoy full political rights and
liberty (Blair)
 Participation and control of governance by the people of the country is
the essence of democracy.
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5. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL
GOVERNMENT

6. THE HISTORY OF MODERN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN INDIA MAY
BE DIVIDED INTO FIVE DISTINCT PERIODS.
 The first ends with the issue of the well-known resolution of Lord
Ripon in 1882.
 The second ends with the initiation of Dyarchy in the provinces in
1919.
 The third ends with the commencement of provincial Autonomy in
1937.
 The fourth period ends with the framing of the Constitution of India in
1947.
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7. • The final period was set in motion in 1952 after the Indian
constitution came into force in 1950. During this period momentous
alterations highlighting rural development have taken place.
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8. BALWANTRAI MEHTA COMMITTEE REPORT

9.  The principle thrust of Balwantrai Mehta Committee report was
towards decentralization of democratic institutions is an effort to shift
decision centers close to the people to enable their active and
continuous participation under local popular control.
 The Ashok Mehta committee’s principal thesis was the functional
necessity for decentralization of administration level closer to the
people.
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10. The introduction of the 73rd and the 74th
Constitutional Amendments, the decentralization
has been democratized
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11. 73RD AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION

12.  The 73rd Amendment covers many areas that would enable
the Panchayats to improve the lives and well-being of poor
and vulnerable groups.
 Moreover, it contains specific provisions that guarantee the
participation of traditionally excluded groups, and
transparency for local institutions such as the Gram
Panchayats and the Gram Sabha.
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13. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE 73RD AND 74TH CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT
ACTS (1992)
1. Panchayats and Municipalities will be “institutions of self-
government”.
2. Basic Units of Democratic System - Gram Sabhas (villages) and
Ward Committees (Municipalities) comprising all the adult members
registered as voters.
3. Three-tier system of panchayats at village, intermediate block and
district levels. Smaller states with population below 2 million only
two tiers.
4. Seats at all levels filled by direct election.
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14. 5. Seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and chairpersons of the
Panchayats at all levels also shall be reserved for SCs and STs in
proportion to their population.
6. One-third of the total number of seats reserved for women. One-third
of the seats reserved for SCs & STs also reserved for women. One-
third offices of chairpersons at all levels reserved for women.
7. Uniform five year term and elections to constitute new bodies to be
completed before the expiry of the term. In the event of dissolution,
elections compulsorily within six months.
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15. CONT.….
1. Independent Election Commission in each state for superintendence,
direction and control of the electoral rolls.
2. Panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social
justice in respect of 29 subjects listed in 11th Schedule. 74th Amendment
provides for a District Planning Committee to consolidate the plans
prepared by panchayats and Municipalities.
3. Funds: Budgetary allocation from state governments, revenue of certain
taxes, collect and retain the revenue it raises, Central Government
programmes and Grants.
4. In each State a Finance Commission to determine the principles on the
basis of which adequate financial resources would be ensured for
panchayats and municipalities.
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16. PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM

17. INTRODUCTION
 The Panchayati Raj in India generally refers to the system
introduced by constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based
upon the traditional panchayat system of South Asia.
 The Panchayati Raj system was formalized in 1992, following a study
conducted by a number of Indian committees of various ways of
implementing more decentralized administration.
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18. PANCHAYATI RAJ AS THE FOUNDATION OF INDIA'S POLITICAL
SYSTEM
 Mahatma Gandhi advocated panchayati raj as the foundation of
India's political system, as a decentralized form of government in
which each village would be responsible for its own affairs.
 The term for such a vision was Gram Swaraj ("village self-
governance"). Instead of it India developed a highly centralized form
of government.
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20. GRAM PANCHAYAT
 It is basic, first formal democratic institution at the village level.
 The chairperson of this unit is called as Sarpanch.
 It is primary unit of local self-government.
 Gram panchayat is a cabinet of the village elders, directly elected by
the adult citizens of the village. There are 8 to 10 ward punches, two
or three co-opted members, who constitute the body of Gram
Panchayat; they consists of 8 to 10 villages.
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21. • The members of the Gram Panchayats have tenure of five years and
are directly elected from wards while the Sarpanch is elected by the
members.
• There is provision for reservation of seats for women and for
scheduled casts and scheduled tribes.
•There is Gram Sabha for each panchayat and the Sarpanch is
required to conduct Gram Sabha meetings at least once in six months.
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22. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE SARPANCH
 To convene and preside over the meetings of the Gram Panchayat.
 To conduct and regulate and be responsible for the proper maintenance of
the records of the proceedings of the meetings.
 To be responsible for the proper working of the Gram panchayat as
required by or under the Act.
 To have authority to enter into correspondence on behalf of Gram
panchayat.
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23. FOLLOWING ARE THE OBLIGATORY OR THE COMPULSORY
FUNCTIONS:
 Construction, repairs, maintenance, alteration and extension of village
roads, provisions of lights on the roads and other places and removal of
encroachments and obstructions.
 Supply of drinking water to the villages.
 Adoption of preventive measures against epidemics and other dangerous
diseases, prevention of obnoxious and dangerous trade, registration of
births and deaths and the preparation of the necessary records for the
purpose.
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24. • Spread of primary education and its management.
• Social conservation.
• Control of Markets, ferries, fairs, Ghats and other public places.
• Adoption and encouragement of improved methods of cultivation.
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25. OPTIONAL FUNCTIONS:
 Development and maintenance of village forests.
 Development of the livestock.
 Reclamation of cultivable wastes and follows land.
 Organization and management of multi-purpose co-operative societies.
 Famine relief measures.
 Establishment and maintenance of village libraries.
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26. PANCHAYAT SAMITI
 This is the next tier of administration at the Block level.
 Local M.L.A. and M.L.C.
One person nominated by District Collector.
 Reservation:
1. Women.
2. One from scheduled castes.
3. One form scheduled tribes.
 The president and vice-president of the samiti are elected form among the
village panchayat presidents.
 BDO appointed by the Government is the chief executive of the samiti and
function as the leader of the team of block level officials.
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27. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF PANCHAYAT SAMITI
 The President and members of the Panchayat Samiti have to endeavour to
instill among the people within their jurisdiction a spirit of self-help and
initiative and harness their enthusiasm for raising the standard of living.
 They have to enlist the whole-hearted support of the people for the
implementation of the Development Programmes, not only of those which
relate to the community for which Government assistance is forthcoming
but much more so of those which relate to individuals and which as mainly
based on self-help.
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28. • In particular all the activities of Community Development Programme
are taken over by Panchayat Samiti.
• The powers of the various authorities to accord administrative and
financial sanction in respect of the works and schemes of Panchayat
Samiti are embodied in the rules issued by Government.
•The loan funds available with some of normal development
departments such as Agriculture, Animal Husbandary, and Industries
etc. are also made over to Panchayat Samiti to be similarly spent and
recovered.
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29. ZILLA PARISHAD AND ITS FUNCTION
 This is the third tier of Panchayati Raj operating at the district level. It
consists of;
M.L.A.s of the District
M.P.s of the District
Two women representative
One member from SC and ST communities each
Two members interested in rural development
 The members of the Parishad elect a chairman and a vice-chairman.
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30. • The District heads of development departments take part in the
proceedings of the parishad and its standing committees
• There will be a secretary appointed by the Government, who attends
all meetings of the Parishad and its standing committees.
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31. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ZILLA PARISHAD:
 Zilla Parishad should function as advisory body over the Panchayat Samiti with
powers to:
a) approve their budgets,
b) co-ordinate their plans and
c) distribute funds given by the Government among the blocks.
 It has to prepare plans for all items of developmental activities in the district
including Municipal areas.
 It has to secure execution of plans etc. which are common to two or more blocks.
 Secondary education is the responsibility of Zilla Parishad.
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32. • It should advise the Government in all matters relating to rural development
in the district.
• It should discuss and review at it’s ordinary meetings the progress made or
the results achieved under-various items.
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33. CONCLUSION:
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