Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2 CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2 In the wake of technological advances, the use of computers has played a major role especially in criminal justice (Moriarty, (2017). This paper has focused on the use of computer application technologies in criminology and the potential it has in legal systems. From enabling easy access for witnesses to search for accused peoples’ photographs on the screen and go through the whole court procedural activities. Moreover, criminals’ records can be monitored using databases and it is easy to make a follow-up on crimes they have committed in the past and the charges against them. Forensics can also be conducted and investigations can now be carried out easily and very fast. Also, when one is linked to cases, they can be easily identified using forensics and fingerprints. Portable laptops have also helped police officers in getting information and any important details related to a crime at any place without having to go back to their working stations. James (2017), argues that unlike in the past, investigations are done faster due to internet connections and ease of communication between community members and investigative officers through the use of phone gadgets. Computers have broad variance in usage which has been enhanced by computer applications. For instance, massive record keeping systems have relied for reference on criminal accounts, case records and unresolved warranties. Incorporation of technology in criminology has just made the career easy and also improved livelihoods. Many police units now use computerized applications to keep up with the ever-rising crimes. There are different applications being used nowadays, from mobile technology, to use in-car computers, CCTV camera installations and also software such as the Computer Aided Dispatch. Investigators often use programmed record management systems to monitor information they obtain and guard it properly. With the current technology, it is possible to detect impending crimes, track stolen goods and the culprits, tell which time a crime occurred and also who committed it and where. Computer applications: 1. In-Car Computer installations in police cars. Blumstein (2018), contends that this application that allows traffic patrol police to effectively carry out their activities especially when vehicles violate traffic rules. In the current world, things are drifting toward being more computerized than handwritten (Maxfield & Babbie, 2014). Thus event arrest reports are being typed. It also means that after traffic references are written down, they are generated by the computers installed duplicating a copy to the person who breaks the rules. This is seen to reduce paperwork and improve the efficiency of police officers' work. 2. Computer Aided Dispatch In the past, correspondents would use hand.

1. Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS 2
CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
2
In the wake of technological advances, the use of computers has
played a major role especially in criminal justice (Moriarty,
(2017). This paper has focused on the use of computer
application technologies in criminology and the potential it has
in legal systems. From enabling easy access for witnesses to
search for accused peoples’ photographs on the screen and go
through the whole court procedural activities. Moreover,
criminals’ records can be monitored using databases and it is
easy to make a follow-up on crimes they have committed in the
past and the charges against them. Forensics can also be
conducted and investigations can now be carried out easily and
very fast. Also, when one is linked to cases, they can be easily
identified using forensics and fingerprints. Portable laptops
have also helped police officers in getting information and any
important details related to a crime at any place without having
to go back to their working stations. James (2017), argues that
unlike in the past, investigations are done faster due to internet
connections and ease of communication between community
members and investigative officers through the use of phone
gadgets.
Computers have broad variance in usage which has been
enhanced by computer applications. For instance, massive
record keeping systems have relied for reference on criminal
accounts, case records and unresolved warranties. Incorporation
of technology in criminology has just made the career easy and
also improved livelihoods. Many police units now use
computerized applications to keep up with the ever-rising
crimes. There are different applications being used nowadays,
from mobile technology, to use in-car computers, CCTV camera

2. installations and also software such as the Computer Aided
Dispatch. Investigators often use programmed record
management systems to monitor information they obtain and
guard it properly. With the current technology, it is possible to
detect impending crimes, track stolen goods and the culprits,
tell which time a crime occurred and also who committed it and
where.
Computer applications:
1. In-Car Computer installations in police cars.
Blumstein (2018), contends that this application that allows
traffic patrol police to effectively carry out their activities
especially when vehicles violate traffic rules. In the current
world, things are drifting toward being more computerized than
handwritten (Maxfield & Babbie, 2014). Thus event arrest
reports are being typed. It also means that after traffic
references are written down, they are generated by the
computers installed duplicating a copy to the person who breaks
the rules. This is seen to reduce paperwork and improve the
efficiency of police officers' work.
2. Computer Aided Dispatch
In the past, correspondents would use handwritten pieces of
papers and postcards to keep a record of case numbers,
correspondent officers and call logs for service and
undertakings. Currently, according to Sieja et al (2018),
dispatch software is being used by many police units to identify
the fastest way to reach for police service, thus enabling
immediate assistance to residents. Also, the software allows
police units to tell where police officers are located using
computers installed with GPS, and also they can report where
they are in the time of need. Moreover, the software allows
correspondent centers to keep a record of phone calls and cross
allude them to matching case numbers and dispatch officer
action.
3. Video Recording
This application has revolutionized the technological
advancements in criminal justice. In the recent years, video

3. recording has facilitated court proceedings by acting as an
aspect of evidence. It is hard to deny something that is recorded
and thus even witnesses can identify the convicts from the
video. When launching investigations, investigative officers can
use a video recording to aid their findings. When such proof is
provided in a court of law, it is hard for suspects to run away
from crimes. Moreover, many automated systems have wireless
download once police cars get into the stations, decreasing
interruption of officers and making sure that essential data that
may be having some evidence is logged and recorded before
long.
4. Case management databases
It entails the use of automatic case monitoring systems which
provide information on the proceedings online. Databases
containing information on cases provides the law enforcers to
easily access information that they may need concerning
convicts, respondents and witnesses. The online systems allow
for more time in preparing for hearings in court lessening the
burden of having to look for information.
5. Rapid Identification
This application enables law enforcers in getting biometric data
from a person, more so thumbprint which is matched with the
Federal Bureau of Investigations databases with criminal
records. In many cases, this application helps identify a convict
and establish whether they ever had a criminal history and if
there are unsettled warrants. Moreover, it helps identify drivers'
details and traffic police officer can attest to information
provided in identification numbers.
6. Evidence Assets Recording
This entails recording of assets on online systems thus allowing
investigative officers to easily obtain evidence and register it
into the online systems before placing it into the applicable
facility. Experts in handling evidence use this application in
monitoring proof and placing it where appropriate either to the
laboratory for examination, to the federals or prosecutor's
office, or even into the assets room for custody (Ridgeway,

4. 2018).
7. Computer simulation
This is not commonly applied in criminal justice although
Wortley and Townsley (2016), contend that it is used by
ecological criminal investigators to analyze and polish ideas, to
forestall outcomes mounting up from diverse involvement
adoptions, and to offer conversant policy regulation to crime
management organizations.
More uses of computers include:
Crime detectives according to Maras (2015), make use of
computers in various ways, they can analyze how a crime such
as a bank robbery was schemed and the whole process of using
computers. Also, Kennedy et al (2017) argue that individuals
involved can be easily caught since cameras installed can act as
supporting evidence. John et al (2014) in a panel formed
discovered that crimes such as arson can be determined by
devices to show what really caused them. Additionally, traffic
cops use computers to search for vehicle identification numbers
to determine if the cars are really legitimately owned by those
driving them or stolen. Officers in charge simply send the
identification numbers to the station's secretary who then
informs the officer on call whether it is rightfully owned.
Furthermore, law enforcers are able to file records of previous
criminals which can be used as reference sources in courts of
law to make judgments. These files are found in the computer
systems thus saving time and space for bulky lists.
Databases provide information instantly and thus if a person is
required to answer some interrogations they can be easily
accessed. Besides, records of all citizens can be logged into to
establish if they have had previous offenses, misbehaviors, and
tickets, lessening the process of getting suspects arrested.
Moreover, artificial intelligence, a computer technique, is used
in dealing with legitimate proof, crime examination and
identification, and also criminological examination. It is
broadly used in generating outlook on the evidence, approaches
of judgment and any other legal accounts. In addition, criminal

5. identification, acumen, and examination use link investigation
and drawing out information techniques (Farrell & Tilley, N.
(2017).
Annotated Bibliography
1) Maras, M. H. (2015). Computer Forensics. Jones and Bartlett
Learning.
The author seeks to explain different types of alphanumeric
evidence which comprises various legal contemplations in the
demonstration of proof. The book also gives an insight into
automated evidence and the process of computer criminology
and also gives rules guiding evidence. Moreover, the author
discusses mobile phones investigation technology and how they
are aiding in criminal justice.
2) Moriarty, L. J. (2017). Criminal justice technology of the
21st century. Charles C Thomas Publisher.
The author categorizes the different types of high-tech systems
being used in criminology for effective operations of
investigative officers. The book explains the various
applications of computers in crime detection, identifying
identification numbers, DNA examination, monitoring criminal
records and aided dispatch. It also gives an insight into the use
of biometrics in investigations to identify a suspect.
3) Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2014). Research methods
for criminal justice and criminology. Cengage Learning.
The authors argue that research in the field of criminology is
aided by computer applications in the current world. Things
have gone digital and using computers is making it easy for
police officers to handle crimes and convicts. It also explains
how subjects should be handled and different methods of
evaluating crimes.
4) Wortley, R., & Townsley, M. (Eds.). (2016). Environmental
criminology and crime analysis (Vol. 18). Taylor & Francis.
The book explains computer simulation and how environmental
criminal investigators use analyze environmental factors to
come up with evidence mounted on what is obtained. It also
outlines interventions in criminal justice by law enforcers and

6. legal disciplines. Additionally, the authors seek to establish
approaches to crime detection and prevention.
5) James, P (2017). Technology, and the Future of Criminal
Justice. Retrieved from:
https://futurism.media/technology-and-the-future-of-criminal-
justice
The article written by James articulates the use of Artificial
Intelligence in criminal investigations especially in cases to do
with frauds. He explains how people get monitored using social
media platforms and also using automated machines which
identity with them which is making it hard for people to get
away with crimes in the current century. He goes on to talk
about audio and video recording which aid as evidence
currently. Moreover, he depicts how activity logins in social
media have adverse effects on citizens and using computer
systems, law enforcers can detect crimes easily than in the past.
While an internet meme, there are instances of authors and
reporters doing research receiving a knock at the door simply
because their browsing history triggered the right keywords.
6) John S, Dulani Woods, Richard Silberglitt & Brian A.
Jackson (2014). Using future internet technologies to strengthen
Criminal Justice. Retrieved from:
http://www.antoniocasella.eu/nume/RAND_Hollywood_2015.pd
f
The article explains how the field of criminal justice is using
modern technologies to enhance the dissemination of
information and assessing crimes and criminal records. It also
explains how internet linked devices to aid maintenance of
monitoring of criminals in communities. It also articulates on
connections of crimes to information technology and the
features associated.
7) Sieja, E. M., Santos, R. A., & England, A. J. (2018). U.S.
Patent Application No. 15/384,874.
This explains the use of computer-aided dispatch systems and
methods of making use of fingerprints and identifiers in
responding to crime incidents.

7. 8) Piza, E. L., Caplan, J. M., & Kennedy, L. W. (2017). CCTV
as a tool for early police intervention: Preliminary lessons from
nine case studies. Security Journal, 30(1), 247-265.
The authors provide a variety of case studies on police
involvement in proactive crime prevention. Specifically, the
security journal looks into the use of CCTV and its use in
detecting suspicious behavior and activities as it is dependent
on a conventional of regularly based background rules to appeal
their responsiveness to anything that interrupts with usual
circumstances.
9) Blumstein, A. (2018). Science and Technology and the
President's Crime Commission: Past and Future. Criminology &
Public Policy, 17(2), 271-282.
The author seeks to elucidate the systems used to identify and
recognize fingerprints and link them to offenses using
computers. He talks of how dispatch officers collaborate in
activities and how they use computer-supported commands from
corresponding police officers. Moreover, he tries to link the use
of technology in the past and associate it with advancements in
the recent years. Furthermore, he continues to articulate how
vehicles theft is being prevented and decreased incorporating
in-cars computers which can be used as tracking systems.
10) Ridgeway, G. (2018). Policing in the Era of Big Data.
Annual Review of Criminology, 1, 401-419.
In the wake of technology, big data is on the rise. Ridgeway
explains how police departments have integrated computer
applications in managing big data to ensure safekeeping and
retrieval of information whenever it is required. Using
databases, criminal records can be easily accessed and all those
involved in court proceedings can monitor information.
Moreover, he explains how the police can collect data and
information using portable devices that they can use for
recording.
11) Schuck, A. M. (2017). Prevalence and predictors of
surveillance cameras in law enforcement: the importance of
stakeholders and community factors. Criminal justice policy

8. review, 28(1), 41-60.
The author seeks to discuss the current methods used in an
investigation such as the use of cameras. Through computer
applications such as video editing, evidence can be obtained
from the cameras and be used for judgment and as charges
against criminals.
12) Farrell, G., & Tilley, N. (2017). Technology for crime and
crime prevention: A supply-side analysis. In Crime Prevention
in the 21st Century (pp. 377-388). Springer, Cham.
The authors address how technology is being used for criminal
activities and prevention measures against crimes. They give a
closer look at approaches to criminal justice in the 21st century
in their book. Also, they give insights on how to get substantial
evidence on suspects from gadgets and devices being used
currently.
Running head: Creating Your Dream Job
1
Title: Creating Your Dream Job
Student’s Name: Kimberly Bentley
Professor’s Name: Dr. Iris Boyd
Course: BUS 310 Human Resources Management
Date: 7/13/15
Creating Your Dream Job
Question 1: Create a job description and specification of your
dream job
Job Title: Store Manager
Department: Retails Management
Reports to: Regional Manager, Human Resource Manager, and
CEO of concerned company

9. Basic Functions: Maintaining cash control, maintaining
consumer services, motel facilities, purchasing, and maintaining
the store (Clark 2013).
Minimum Qualifications:
1. Bachelor Degree in Business Administration.
2. Preferably a Master Degree in retail management with a
minimum of 2 years of experience in retail marketing.
3. Possess skills to handle marketing, accounting; business
ethics, communication, and able to form management strategy
for his store.
4. Hands-on experience of technical tools such as Microsoft
Office, databases, and others.
Preferred Qualifications:
1. Account Payable and Accounts Receivables
2. Managing consumer relationships
3. Motel/ Store administration and management
4. Office administration.
Special characteristics:
1. Skills: bookkeeping skills; interpersonal skills; decision
making skills; analytical and problem solving skills.
2. Personal Attributes: - flexible; honest and trustworthy,
respectful, cultural awareness and sensitivity and know work
ethics (Grant 1989). The Store Manager would usually
accomplish the essential knowledge, attitudes, and skills
through association in practice in a retail location.
Description of work:

10. 1. The crucial duty of a retail manager is to maintain consumer
services and provide facilities like greeting their consumers and
giving proper assistance.
2. The Manager is responsible for cleanliness of motel rooms;
order in the store and proper performance of laundry duties.
3. Maintain store supplies, stock, and inventory such as how
much groceries to be ordered, check his stock against invoices,
restock shelves, mark prices of the product, proper cash
management, etc.
4. Maintain complete accounts of the store such as recording
price in the log book, proper cash receivable and correct change
returns; manage cash register; recoding of debit and visa
accounts; manual general ledger and reconcile the bank
statements.
Working Conditions:
1. The store manager has to give his maximum hours standing
and maintain the shelves. So his physical demand is highest in
the store.
2. The store manager would be required to handle a number of
projects at a time and also meet consumers as and when they
demand so.
Question 2: Design a compensation and benefits packages
related to the dream job
The Manager of any store is usually the highest salary getter
since he is the one who is taking care of all the crucial
responsibilities and duties. Apart from base pay and cash, he is
entitled to receive perquisites for extra and hard work. For the
post of a store manager in retail context, the following
compensation and benefits package would suffice at a minimum:
Direct compensation: Direct compensation is in the form of

11. salary which the manager receives in his hand. It includes:
1. The base payment which varies as each company has its own
norms for providing salary to their managers.
2. Direct compensation also adds overtime salary if the
managers work for more than the required hours.
Indirect compensation: includes benefits/perks or perquisites
which are awarded for performance which exceeds expectations.
In this category:
3. Incentives are also added like Commission, Bonus, Profit
sharing and stock option, etc.
4. Last in indirect compensation are deferred pay which
includes stock purchase, saving plan and annuity.
The sum of above all is the total compensation package which is
in cash form. Additionally, the company provides benefits-in-
kind to the manager, which is not directly attached to the salary
and such benefits, are:
1. Protection Programs: Life insurance, medical insurance,
disability income, social security and pension.
2. Pay for Time not worked: Sick leaves, jury duty, vacations
and holidays.
The above in-kind benefits are a means to provide job security
to an employee and his family so that the psychological contract
between the employer and the employee and the employment
relationship are strengthened.
Question 3: Rationalize your compensation and benefit package.
Be sure to indicate the research and consideration that went into
the design of compensation and benefit package.

12. While designing the compensation and benefits package for the
job of a store manager, the company has to see the return on
investment that it receives in lieu of spending on the position.
Candidates who would aim this position must have high-quality
amalgamation of edification and related employment knowledge
to perform in the capacity of a store manager with such high
compensations and benefits.
It is certain that no firm would like to reimburse inefficient
people at work. The firm sets the work load and targets for its
employees, and then designs their salary structure accordingly.
So, the compensation and the benefits mentioned above will not
be too high for the companies to meet up. In numerous
professional organizations, the managers are also offered
certification courses to enhance their creditability and business
skills. This makes sure that the manager’s analytical skills are
well -groomed and worthy of the post occupied.
The above are the company requirements for the placement of a
store manager. When we see the job outlook, we can
straightforwardly substantiate the compensation and benefit
plan. The store manager needs to work 24*7. He is the only
personality in amass who has to be in the store full time.
He is supposed to make his store proficient and profitable,
scrutinize and make best use of the product inventory and retail
budgets, sales and purchasing, synchronize with his
subordinates along with their regional head, finalize the most
lucrative marketing agenda and hiring strategies required for his
store, etc. He maintains and manages the company software and
is accountable to give report to the main branch on daily basis.
From floor management viewpoint, the store manager is the one
who has to do rotation of merchandise, in such way, that the
products magnetize the patrons. All routine store jobs are
performed and examined by the store manager. He is the

13. creative head of his team. After analyzing all the obligations
and the objectives of the store manager, it can be said that the
compensation and benefits package designed is worthy and
valid.
Question 4: Imagine this is the only position of its kind in the
organization. From this perspective, design a performance
appraisal program for the job.
For designing any performance appraisal program, the person
under authority must comprehend that as per the place of duty
what the fundamental requirements which require verification
are. The performance appraisal is a fundamental and imperative
program which is considered necessary by each corporation
under which there are proficient mechanisms.
There are numerous methods for appraising a manager’s post
like Management by Objective (MBO) methods, Critical
Incident Method, Behaviorally Anchored Rating Method,
Behavior Observation Scale and 360 Degree Performance
Appraisal Method (Dessler 2014).
For the appraisal of managers’ positions, there are minority
summits which the company keeps in wits before reviewing the
performance, for example, the job description; rate of the
person’s level of performance; reviewing with each employee’s
performance and evaluation; and last giving overall rating for
the performances.
The performance appraisal will include some performance
factors which include a store manager’s administration skills
pertaining to planning, managing and handling the store issues
and eliminating the problems; his knowledge of work and that
how well he is understanding all the phases of job; his
communication ability as to how much he is listening to others;
his teamwork ability regarding how well he is working in a team
and leading the members; his decision making power,
understanding the problems and solving them without

14. hindrances in work, etc.
Also, his expenses management skills and ability to run the
store at minimum cost; his human resource management skills,
reporting and controlling his subordinate’s performance;
capability of taking independent actions; the knowledge about
his job; his leadership qualities; is he able to manage any
change his personal appearance; his dependability and last but
not the least, his employees responsiveness.
Question 5: Rationalize your performance appraisal program. Be
sure to indicate the research and consideration that went into
the design of performance appraisal program.
The research and consideration that went while crafting the
above mentioned performance appraisal program is that the
appraisal is for the position for which extreme efforts are
detected as the store manager has to maintain good tuning with
his subordinates, his management and his consumers.
The manager’s attitude performance review; creative and
innovation performance reviews; performance review phases for
decision making; interpersonal skills performance reviews;
problem solving skills and employees evaluation review;
teamwork skills performance skills review, etc; all are to be
prepared and taken into account. Further, since a store manager
would be the leader, mentor and coach of his peers and
colleagues, he is expected to exhibit skills at an edge over his
team members and store acquaintances. This justifies the point
as to why the performance appraisal program for store manager
would be a little complex and inclusive of more factors than
that for other positions.
The performance appraisal is designed by the company by
keeping an important point in mind that this will help them
tighten the bond with their employees and achieve
synchronization between the day-to-day work of the employees
and strategic business objectives. The ideal target setting with a

15. collective technique to allow manager’s advancement and
categorize the obstacles for timely removal will always help to
accomplish both personal and professional goals easily and
promptly.
Gratifying the employees as per their performance will
encourage them to attain their goals and targets. Even the
managers want to feel victorious and to do enormous in their
job. The company management and managers need to guarantee
that to achieve their targets; both of them must have
unambiguous understanding of their role and responsibilities.
Company-wide employee appraisal, regular individual analysis
and clear visibility will help the manager identify the skills
gaps and corporate competencies and with the help of
performance appraisal report the companies can easily identify
new training and development programs that are needed for
future developments of their human resources. The performance
management program and its effective implementation will
consequently benefit the company, managers and employees.
References
Clark, M.M. (2013). The Job Description Handbook. USA: Nolo
Dessler, G. (2014). Human Resource Management. Pearson
Education.
Grant, P.C. (1989). Multiple Use Job Descriptions: A Guide to
Analysis, Preparation and Applications for Human Resource
Managers. USA: Quorum Books.