10 Criminology in the Future
Criminology in the Future
Kristopher Freitag, Javielle Watson, Michael Westphal, Starcia Zeigler
CJA/314
April 7, 2014
Judy Mazzucca
Technology is advancing in every aspect of the criminal justice system, from the investigation to the prosecution of the crimes. Crime fighting methodologies have the potential to greatly assist law enforcement in the war on crime. Some experts even think that some software and tools will be able to help prevent crime. (Yeung, n.d.). Methodologies, such as mandating DNA collection programs, biometrics, and implementing cybercrime spyware programs are on the list of the next big things of the future, when it comes to fighting crime. DNA testing helps law enforcement investigate and prosecute crimes, as well as clear the names of those who have been wrongfully convicted. There are currently about twenty states with laws requiring DNA collection at the time of the person’s arrest. The federal government also has this requirement. As, with any controversial subject, DNA testing has its critics. Some are saying that DNA testing is in violation of the Fourth Amendment, especially for those who have not been convicted of a crime. Others are concerned that DNA testing may open the doors for abuse of the genetic information being stored in the databases. (Berson, n.d.). Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Some of the features measured using biometrics are handwriting, voice, iris, hand geometry, vein, retinal, and fingerprints. Biometric based solutions provide personal data privacy, and confidential financial transactions, and are starting to become the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions. The need for highly secure identification and personal verification technologies is great, due to the increased number of transaction fraud and security breaches. This need is especially great in the areas of local, state, and federal governments. Infrastructures such as electronic banking, health and social services, law enforcement, and retail sales are already taking advantage of, and seeing the benefits of biometric technology. ("The Biometrics Consortium", n.d.).
As we become more and more dependent on technology, the increase of cybercrimes are skyrocketing, which has forced law enforcement to figure out ways of combatting cybercrimes. We have become extremely vulnerable to many cybercrimes, including social media fraud, which consists of cyber criminals using social media to steal the identities of unsuspecting people; and luring people to download malicious materials, or reveal their passwords; corporate security breaches, which consists of cyber criminals exploiting company employees via scams; and phishing, which involves cyber criminals targeting company employees by sending emails that appear to be from someone within the company. ("Homeland .
Digital Footprints_ Investigating Digital Evidence in Online Crime Cases.pptxwebb00704
Have you ever stopped to consider the trail of breadcrumbs you leave behind every time you browse the internet? From social media posts to online purchases, your digital footprint is expanding with each click. But what if I told you that this seemingly harmless virtual path holds immense significance in solving online crime cases? In an era where cybercriminals are growing more sophisticated by the day, understanding the importance of digital footprints has become crucial for law enforcement agencies and individuals alike. Get ready to dive into a world where every keystroke could be a potential clue in unraveling complex web-based crimes.
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha ...
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha.
Running Head CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS .docxtodd271
Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2
CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2
In the wake of technological advances, the use of computers has played a major role especially in criminal justice (Moriarty, (2017). This paper has focused on the use of computer application technologies in criminology and the potential it has in legal systems. From enabling easy access for witnesses to search for accused peoples’ photographs on the screen and go through the whole court procedural activities. Moreover, criminals’ records can be monitored using databases and it is easy to make a follow-up on crimes they have committed in the past and the charges against them. Forensics can also be conducted and investigations can now be carried out easily and very fast. Also, when one is linked to cases, they can be easily identified using forensics and fingerprints. Portable laptops have also helped police officers in getting information and any important details related to a crime at any place without having to go back to their working stations. James (2017), argues that unlike in the past, investigations are done faster due to internet connections and ease of communication between community members and investigative officers through the use of phone gadgets.
Computers have broad variance in usage which has been enhanced by computer applications. For instance, massive record keeping systems have relied for reference on criminal accounts, case records and unresolved warranties. Incorporation of technology in criminology has just made the career easy and also improved livelihoods. Many police units now use computerized applications to keep up with the ever-rising crimes. There are different applications being used nowadays, from mobile technology, to use in-car computers, CCTV camera installations and also software such as the Computer Aided Dispatch. Investigators often use programmed record management systems to monitor information they obtain and guard it properly. With the current technology, it is possible to detect impending crimes, track stolen goods and the culprits, tell which time a crime occurred and also who committed it and where.
Computer applications:
1. In-Car Computer installations in police cars.
Blumstein (2018), contends that this application that allows traffic patrol police to effectively carry out their activities especially when vehicles violate traffic rules. In the current world, things are drifting toward being more computerized than handwritten (Maxfield & Babbie, 2014). Thus event arrest reports are being typed. It also means that after traffic references are written down, they are generated by the computers installed duplicating a copy to the person who breaks the rules. This is seen to reduce paperwork and improve the efficiency of police officers' work.
2. Computer Aided Dispatch
In the past, correspondents would use hand.
Kathryn E. ScarboroughEastern Kentucky UniversityMarc Ro.docxtawnyataylor528
Kathryn E. Scarborough
Eastern Kentucky University
Marc Rogers
Purdue University
Kelli Frakes
Eastern Kentucky University
Cristina San Martin
Purdue University
KKaatthhrryynn EE.. SSccaarrbboorroouugghh, PPhh..DD.., professor at the Department of Safety, Security, and Emergency
Management at Eastern Kentucky University, earned her Ph.D. in criminal justice from Sam Houston State
University. She also has an MA in applied sociology with a certificate in women’s studies from Old
Dominion and Norfolk State Universities, and a BS in criminal justice from the University of Southern
Mississippi. Prior to her teaching at Eastern Kentucky University, she was a police officer in Portsmouth,
Virginia, a United States Navy Hospital Corpsman/Emergency Medical Technician, and a chemical depen-
dency technician. In addition to her faculty role, Dr. Scarborough is Director for Research, Evaluation and
Testing for the Justice and Safety Center. Her current teaching and research interests include criminal
investigation, law enforcement technology, cyber crime and security, and police administration.
In her role as director for research, testing and evaluation, she has oversight of more than
70 projects funded by the Department of Homeland Security, the National Institute of Justice/Office of
Science and Technology, the State of Kentucky, and the Department of Defense. She also serves as project
director or codirector of the following projects: National Study on Criminal Investigation, the Digital
Evidence Assessment of Local and State Law Enforcement Organizations, the Rural Cyber Crime
Response and Prevention Team project, Cyber PAAL, and the ASIS International Security Trends project.
MMaarrcc RRooggeerrss,, PPhh..DD.., CISSP, CCCI, is the Chair of the Cyber Forensics Program in the Department of
Computer and Information Technology at Purdue University. He is an associate professor and also a
research faculty member at the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and
Security (CERIAS). Dr. Rogers was a senior instructor for (ISC)2, the international body that certifies
information system security professionals (CISSP), is a member of the quality assurance board for
(ISC)2’s SCCP designation, and is Chair of the Law, Compliance and Investigation Domain of interna-
tional Common Body of Knowledge (CBK) committee. He is a former police detective who worked in
the area of fraud and computer crime investigations. Dr. Rogers sits on the editorial board for several
professional journals and is a member of various national and international committees focusing on dig-
ital forensic science and digital evidence. He is the author of numerous book chapters, and journal pub-
lications in the field of digital forensics and applied psychological analysis. His research interests
include applied cyber forensics, psychological digital crime scene analysis, and cyber terrorism.
Chapter 24
Digital Evidence
477
M24_SCHM8860_01_SE_C24.QXD 2/4/08 ...
Digital Footprints_ Investigating Digital Evidence in Online Crime Cases.pptxwebb00704
Have you ever stopped to consider the trail of breadcrumbs you leave behind every time you browse the internet? From social media posts to online purchases, your digital footprint is expanding with each click. But what if I told you that this seemingly harmless virtual path holds immense significance in solving online crime cases? In an era where cybercriminals are growing more sophisticated by the day, understanding the importance of digital footprints has become crucial for law enforcement agencies and individuals alike. Get ready to dive into a world where every keystroke could be a potential clue in unraveling complex web-based crimes.
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha ...
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha.
Running Head CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS .docxtodd271
Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2
CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2
In the wake of technological advances, the use of computers has played a major role especially in criminal justice (Moriarty, (2017). This paper has focused on the use of computer application technologies in criminology and the potential it has in legal systems. From enabling easy access for witnesses to search for accused peoples’ photographs on the screen and go through the whole court procedural activities. Moreover, criminals’ records can be monitored using databases and it is easy to make a follow-up on crimes they have committed in the past and the charges against them. Forensics can also be conducted and investigations can now be carried out easily and very fast. Also, when one is linked to cases, they can be easily identified using forensics and fingerprints. Portable laptops have also helped police officers in getting information and any important details related to a crime at any place without having to go back to their working stations. James (2017), argues that unlike in the past, investigations are done faster due to internet connections and ease of communication between community members and investigative officers through the use of phone gadgets.
Computers have broad variance in usage which has been enhanced by computer applications. For instance, massive record keeping systems have relied for reference on criminal accounts, case records and unresolved warranties. Incorporation of technology in criminology has just made the career easy and also improved livelihoods. Many police units now use computerized applications to keep up with the ever-rising crimes. There are different applications being used nowadays, from mobile technology, to use in-car computers, CCTV camera installations and also software such as the Computer Aided Dispatch. Investigators often use programmed record management systems to monitor information they obtain and guard it properly. With the current technology, it is possible to detect impending crimes, track stolen goods and the culprits, tell which time a crime occurred and also who committed it and where.
Computer applications:
1. In-Car Computer installations in police cars.
Blumstein (2018), contends that this application that allows traffic patrol police to effectively carry out their activities especially when vehicles violate traffic rules. In the current world, things are drifting toward being more computerized than handwritten (Maxfield & Babbie, 2014). Thus event arrest reports are being typed. It also means that after traffic references are written down, they are generated by the computers installed duplicating a copy to the person who breaks the rules. This is seen to reduce paperwork and improve the efficiency of police officers' work.
2. Computer Aided Dispatch
In the past, correspondents would use hand.
Kathryn E. ScarboroughEastern Kentucky UniversityMarc Ro.docxtawnyataylor528
Kathryn E. Scarborough
Eastern Kentucky University
Marc Rogers
Purdue University
Kelli Frakes
Eastern Kentucky University
Cristina San Martin
Purdue University
KKaatthhrryynn EE.. SSccaarrbboorroouugghh, PPhh..DD.., professor at the Department of Safety, Security, and Emergency
Management at Eastern Kentucky University, earned her Ph.D. in criminal justice from Sam Houston State
University. She also has an MA in applied sociology with a certificate in women’s studies from Old
Dominion and Norfolk State Universities, and a BS in criminal justice from the University of Southern
Mississippi. Prior to her teaching at Eastern Kentucky University, she was a police officer in Portsmouth,
Virginia, a United States Navy Hospital Corpsman/Emergency Medical Technician, and a chemical depen-
dency technician. In addition to her faculty role, Dr. Scarborough is Director for Research, Evaluation and
Testing for the Justice and Safety Center. Her current teaching and research interests include criminal
investigation, law enforcement technology, cyber crime and security, and police administration.
In her role as director for research, testing and evaluation, she has oversight of more than
70 projects funded by the Department of Homeland Security, the National Institute of Justice/Office of
Science and Technology, the State of Kentucky, and the Department of Defense. She also serves as project
director or codirector of the following projects: National Study on Criminal Investigation, the Digital
Evidence Assessment of Local and State Law Enforcement Organizations, the Rural Cyber Crime
Response and Prevention Team project, Cyber PAAL, and the ASIS International Security Trends project.
MMaarrcc RRooggeerrss,, PPhh..DD.., CISSP, CCCI, is the Chair of the Cyber Forensics Program in the Department of
Computer and Information Technology at Purdue University. He is an associate professor and also a
research faculty member at the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and
Security (CERIAS). Dr. Rogers was a senior instructor for (ISC)2, the international body that certifies
information system security professionals (CISSP), is a member of the quality assurance board for
(ISC)2’s SCCP designation, and is Chair of the Law, Compliance and Investigation Domain of interna-
tional Common Body of Knowledge (CBK) committee. He is a former police detective who worked in
the area of fraud and computer crime investigations. Dr. Rogers sits on the editorial board for several
professional journals and is a member of various national and international committees focusing on dig-
ital forensic science and digital evidence. He is the author of numerous book chapters, and journal pub-
lications in the field of digital forensics and applied psychological analysis. His research interests
include applied cyber forensics, psychological digital crime scene analysis, and cyber terrorism.
Chapter 24
Digital Evidence
477
M24_SCHM8860_01_SE_C24.QXD 2/4/08 ...
The paper emphasizes the human aspects of cyber incidents concerning protecting information and
technology assets by addressing behavioral analytics in cybersecurity for digital forensics applications.
The paper demonstrates the human vulnerabilities associated with information systems technologies and
components. This assessment is based on past literature assessments done in this area. This study also
includes analyses of various frameworks that have led to the adoption of behavioral analysis in digital
forensics. The study's findings indicate that behavioral evidence analysis should be included as part of the
digital forensics examination. The provision of standardized investigation methods and the inclusion of
human factors such as motives and behavioral tendencies are some of the factors attached to the use of
behavioral digital forensic frameworks. However, the study also appreciates the need for a more
generalizable digital forensic method.
The paper emphasizes the human aspects of cyber incidents concerning protecting information and
technology assets by addressing behavioral analytics in cybersecurity for digital forensics applications.
The paper demonstrates the human vulnerabilities associated with information systems technologies and
components. This assessment is based on past literature assessments done in this area. This study also
includes analyses of various frameworks that have led to the adoption of behavioral analysis in digital
forensics. The study's findings indicate that behavioral evidence analysis should be included as part of the
digital forensics examination. The provision of standardized investigation methods and the inclusion of
human factors such as motives and behavioral tendencies are some of the factors attached to the use of
behavioral digital forensic frameworks. However, the study also appreciates the need for a more
generalizable digital forensic method.
The paper emphasizes the human aspects of cyber incidents concerning protecting information and
technology assets by addressing behavioral analytics in cybersecurity for digital forensics applications.
The paper demonstrates the human vulnerabilities associated with information systems technologies and
components. This assessment is based on past literature assessments done in this area. This study also
includes analyses of various frameworks that have led to the adoption of behavioral analysis in digital
forensics. The study's findings indicate that behavioral evidence analysis should be included as part of the
digital forensics examination. The provision of standardized investigation methods and the inclusion of
human factors such as motives and behavioral tendencies are some of the factors attached to the use of
behavioral digital forensic frameworks. However, the study also appreciates the need for a more
generalizable digital forensic method.
Digital forensics has become an increasingly important tool in solving crimes in New York. As more and more criminal activity takes place online, digital forensics has become a key method for law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute those responsible. In this blog post, we'll explore the role of digital forensics in solving crimes in New York and how it is changing the way crimes are investigated.
Accessing Password Protected andor Encrypted Mobile DataAbstrac.docxnettletondevon
Accessing Password Protected and/or Encrypted Mobile Data
Abstract- This research paper examines the potential solution to a problem faced by law enforcement; wherein the inability to decrypt a number of encrypted communications that they have been given appropriate legal permission to intercept or examine, loom large. This research paper utilizes a theoretical approach to explore the ‘going dark’ concern. This paper will also provide an overview of an encryption workaround, which will address the widely used “Signal Messaging Protocol” which is used to encrypt messages transmitted via applications such as Whatsapp, Telegram, Facebook, among others.
Keywords—Signal Messaging Protocol, Encrypted Messaging, Privacy, Law Enforcement, Mobile Phones, WhatsAppI. Introduction
As the use of digital mobile devices continues to become more ubiquitous, so too does the use of strong encryption protocols, which are being made available to users by communication application providers. In an effort to provide even more security to users, those same application providers are developing the encryption protocols in such a way that the providers themselves are not even able to decrypt the private messages. These trends are posing an ever-increasing challenge to law enforcement agencies who are often able to obtain the legal authority necessary to intercept or retrieve certain communication dataonly to find that they are unable to decrypt and view that same data. The FBI has labeled this issue as the “Going Dark” problem.
The “Going Dark” problem often has adverse effects on law enforcement’s ability to investigate all kinds of crimes; such as kidnappings, child pornography, violent gang activity, etc. However, the gravest consequential examples of this problem have arisen through terrorist investigations, wherein the stakes are extremely high.
Agencies charged with combating terrorism, such as the FBI, quietly face this obstacle every day. In December 2015, the public was given an inside view of this dilemma, during the aftermath of the San Bernardino, California, terrorist attack. Following the attack, the FBI recovered a passcode locked iPhone 5, which had belonged to one of the shooters. The passcode function keeps the encased data encrypted until the correct passcode is entered. If the wrong passcode is entered more than ten times, the data is automatically permanently wiped from the device. In response, the FBI obtained a court order directing Apple to assist them in developing software to unlock the phone. Apple refused, which set off a fierce public outcry, and a subsequent legal battle. The standoff was ultimately diffused when the FBI was able to find a third party to crack the four-digit passcode.
As a result of that legal dispute between the Department of Justice and Apple not having being resolved in court, the debate continued over the question: should the government be able to legally force private vendors to create decryption keys for law .
Reasons why the developing field of computer forensics is essential to modern-day law enforcement in fighting cyber crimes (by Lillian Ekwosi-Egbulem).
Crime and violence are inherent in our political and social system. With the moving pace of technology, the
popularity of internet grows continuously, with not only changing our views of life, but also changing the
way crime takes place all over the world. We need a technology that can be used to bring justice to those
who are responsible for conducting attacks on computer systems across the globe. In this paper, we present
various measures being taken in order to control and deal with the crime related to digital devices. This
paper gives an insight of Digital Forensics and current situation of India in handling such type of crimes.
This paper examined technologies being used in crime prevention and detection with a view to
identifying such technologies, legal issues and the challenges involved in the application of these technologies
and attempted to forge an acceptable legal framework for the use of technologies in crime prevention and
detection in Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Primary sources include books,
journal, publications, dailies, conventions and a host others. Secondary sources include materials sourced from
the internet. The study revealed that though there are quite a good number of technologies for crime prevention
and detection, the major issues involved are the human right abuse and the challenges of training the staff who
are expected to apply these technologies among others. The study concluded that though there is need to
employ sophisticated technologies in view of the alarming rate of crime commission worldwide and particularly
in Nigeria , however, these technologies need to be reviewed to soften the hardship and human right abuses
which are found in the application of the technologies. This can be achieved by putting in place an acceptable
world standard and robust legal framework that would help in the mitigation of hardship and human abuses
that are embedded in the application of the technologies.
Technology helps people in implementing privacy in their day today l.pdfaparnaagenciestvm
Technology helps people in implementing privacy in their day today lives. On the other hand, it
has made it difficult for people to maintain privacy. In the current age of smartphones and
tablets, there are various applications that can raid your privacy without you being even aware of
it. There are various examples of technology being used to invade privacy.
Privacy plays a pivotal role in cases when accessing important information such as documents,
account statements, and other personal information. However, there are various organisations,
businesses, as well as individuals who feel there is not enough privacy.
The use of surveillance by government agencies to keep a check on crime also carries a risk of
invading privacy and freedom of expression.
Benefits
The benefits of surveillance technologies are:
1) Improved ability to detect and prevent crime. By gathering information, crime can be
contained. However, studies have shown that these benefits are variable in different scenarios.
2) It can be used to determine a suspect’s communications and activities. It can point to people
and parties with whom the person has been communicating, the frequency and duration of such
calls, the content, as well as the websites accessed.
3) By tracking and analysing large volumes of data, indicators of criminal activity can be tracked
and placed under closer surveillance.
Solution
Technology helps people in implementing privacy in their day today lives. On the other hand, it
has made it difficult for people to maintain privacy. In the current age of smartphones and
tablets, there are various applications that can raid your privacy without you being even aware of
it. There are various examples of technology being used to invade privacy.
Privacy plays a pivotal role in cases when accessing important information such as documents,
account statements, and other personal information. However, there are various organisations,
businesses, as well as individuals who feel there is not enough privacy.
The use of surveillance by government agencies to keep a check on crime also carries a risk of
invading privacy and freedom of expression.
Benefits
The benefits of surveillance technologies are:
1) Improved ability to detect and prevent crime. By gathering information, crime can be
contained. However, studies have shown that these benefits are variable in different scenarios.
2) It can be used to determine a suspect’s communications and activities. It can point to people
and parties with whom the person has been communicating, the frequency and duration of such
calls, the content, as well as the websites accessed.
3) By tracking and analysing large volumes of data, indicators of criminal activity can be tracked
and placed under closer surveillance..
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 250 words each.Post 11. What vafelipaser7p
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 250 words each.
Post 1
1. What value does Open Source information have for law enforcement intelligence?
In today’s information age, open source information is extremely valuable to law enforcement today. The modernization of technology is accelerating at a fast pace. In the very near future, almost everything that someone says or does will be recorded in some way or another. The way open source information is used today has already shown a great potential in solving past crimes, addressing current crimes, and predicting crimes of the future. According to Friedman (1998), there are several categories of open source information, and some of the major sources are the media, databases, and everyone’s favorite, the internet. The reason why it is extremely valuable in law enforcement is because open source information is a repository of information. Some examples of open source information are DNA repositories, social media posts, photos with geotags, and statistical information. Just from the four examples mentioned, one can see the relevance to law enforcement. DNA databases can be used to link DNA evidence; statistical information can be used to develop crime maps, and help in predictive policing (Joh, 2014). Not so smart felons can leave geotags on photos or have Instagram photos that show their whereabouts.
2. Provide two examples of Open Sources that can be beneficial to law enforcement and explain what those benefits are.
Something that comes quickly to mind is that open source information can be used to develop a pattern of life of an area. Using information gained from public databases, law enforcement officials can identify where the next crime might occur. Another way to use open source information is to monitor social media. Social media posts can indicate where protests will occur, or even where a crime is occurring. Recently, a mass shooting in New Zealand was live-streamed on social media. There are some things that law enforcement can learn from that video in terms of the attacker’s timeline and tactics he employed. Joh (2014) posits that open source information from the internet can be used in mass surveillance, and in predictive policing.
3. What concerns must be factored in if utilizing Open Source information?
The top concern with open source information is the validity of it. Additionally, is the information from a reputable source? How old is the information? The validity of the information critical especially with the internet; there is a lot of junk information on the web that must be disregarded by intelligence experts. Something else to also consider is that open source information can also be used by criminals. For example, criminals can observe the actions of a police force if the media is doing a live-broadcast of a crime in progress.
4. Can police lawfully use insincere or fraudulent means to access social media information? (LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest...)
As state ...
Biometric technologies use biological features such as fingerprints, veins, faces and irises to identify individuals. They greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of identification and verification systems by taking out the element of human error. In the area of public safety, biometric technologies in the form of fingerprinting, iris and facial recognition have made a significant contribution to border control and law enforcement. Brought to you by NEC. To find out more, do visit http://www.nec.com/safety
Physical and Cyber Crime Detection using Digital Forensic Approach: A Complet...IJARIIT
Criminalization may be a general development that has significantly extended in previous few years. In
order, to create the activity of the work businesses easy, use of technology is important. Crime investigation analysis
is a section records in data mining plays a crucial role in terms of predicting and learning the criminals. In our
paper, we've got planned an incorporated version for physical crime as well as cybercrime analysis. Our approach
uses data mining techniques for crime detection and criminal identity for physical crimes and digitized forensic tools
(DFT) for evaluating cybercrimes. The presented tool named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process tool
(CDFPT) is entirely based on digital forensic model and its stages named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process
Model (CDFPM). The primary step includes accepting the case details, categorizing the crime case as physical crime
or cybercrime and sooner or later storing the data in particular databases. For physical crime analysis we've used kmeans
approach cluster set of rules to make crime clusters. The k-means method effects are a lot advantageous by the
utilization of GMAPI generation. This provides advanced and consumer-friendly visual-aid to k-means approach for
tracing the region of the crime. we have applied KNN for criminal identification with the
help of observing beyond crimes and finding similar ones that suit this crime, if no past document is discovered then
the new crime sample are introduced to the crime data-set. With the advancements of web, the network form has
become much more complicated and attacking methods are further more than that as well. For crime analysis
we're detecting the attacks executed on host system through an outsider the usage of
assorted digitized forensic tools to produce information security with the help of generating reports for an
event which could need any investigation. Our digitized technique aids the development of the society
by helping the investigation businesses to follow a custom-built investigative technique in crime analysis and criminal
identification as opposed to manually looking the database to analyze criminal activities, and as a
result facilitate them in combating crimes.
Your company name
Your name
Instruction Page
1. On the cover page
a. Replace ‘Your Company Name’ with your company name, city and state
b. Replace ‘Date’ with the date of the plan
c. Consider inserting graphics:
i. Company logo
ii. Insert a picture or graphic of your product or service
iii. Photo of your facilities
iv. Photo of your location
2. Replace ‘ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE’ with your company name on the page with the Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
3. Open the document header and enter your company name and your name
4. Update the table of contents as you build your business plan.
Delete this page before submitting your business plan.
Business Plan
Your Company Name Here
City, State
Date
Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
THIS BUSINESS PLAN CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
All data submitted to the receiver is provided in reliance upon its consent not to use or disclose any information contained herein except in the context of its business dealings with ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE (Company). The recipient of this document agrees to inform its present and future employees and partners who view or have access to the document's content of its confidential nature.
The recipient agrees to instruct each employee that they must not disclose any information concerning this document to others except to the extent such matters are generally known to, and are available for use by, the public. The recipient also agrees not duplicate or distribute or permit others to duplicate or distribute any material contained herein without the Company's express written consent.
The Company retains all title, ownership and intellectual property rights to the material and trademarks contained herein, including all supporting documentation, files, marketing material, and multimedia.
Disclaimer Notice
THIS BUSINESS PLAN IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES.
The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any and all proposals made by or on behalf of any recipient, to accept any such proposals, to negotiate with one or more recipients at any time, and to enter into a definitive agreement without prior notice to other recipients. The company also reserves the right to terminate, at any time, further participation in the investigation and proposal process by, or discussions or negotiations with, any recipient without reason.
BY ACCEPTANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE AFOREMENTIONED STATEMENT.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview 6
Executive Summary 6
Objectives 6
Mission 6
Keys to Success 6
Company Summary 6
Company Ownership 6
Start-up 6
What We Sell 7
Summary 7
Our products 7
Our services 7
Market Analysis and Sales Forecast 8
Market and Sales Forecast Summary 8
Total Market 8
Target Market Summar.
Your Company NameYour Company NameBudget Proposalfor[ent.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your Company Name
Your Company Name
Budget Proposal
for
[enter years here]
BUSN278
[Term]
Professor[name]
DeVry University
Table of Contents
Section
Title
Subsection
Title
Page Number1.0Executive Summary
2.0Sales Forecast
2.1Sales Forecast
2.2Methods and Assumptions
3.0Capital Expenditure Budget
4.0Investment Analysis
4.1Cash Flows
4.2NPV Analysis
4.3Rate of Return Calculations
4.4Payback Period Calculations
5.0Pro Forma Financial Statements
5.1Pro Forma Income Statement
5.2Pro Forma Balance Sheet
5.3Pro Forma Cash Budget
6.0Works Cited
7.0Appendices
7.1Appendix 1: [description]
7.2Appendix 2:
[description]
(Please put page numbers in the last column of the table of contents above, because they apply to your finished assignment. Do this after your project is complete. Remove this text and all text that is in italics in this template when finished with your project.)
(Also, please submit your Excel spreadsheet that shows your supporting calculations.)
1.0 Executive Summary
The first paragraph of this executive summary should give a brief description of the business to which this budget applies. Very briefly describe the products and services of this company, the geography or demographics of the customers it serves, and why people purchase the main product of this business. Much or all of this information will be found in the business profile provided to you. Please use your own words, and please do not simply copy and paste the explanation in the course materials. Make assumptions if necessary.
Also, provide a second paragraph that describes how the budget supports the company’s strategy.
Finally, provide a third paragraph in which you summarize the key points from your budget, including the planning horizon; the amount of up-front investment; the NPV, payback, and IRR of the project; and key figures from your income statement, cash budget, and balance sheet.
Remember, this is not a thesis or introduction of what you will talk about—it contains the major, specific content of each section. The second and third paragraphs should be written after you have completed all other sections of this template.
As you complete sections of this template, please remove all italicized text in all sections of this template and replace it with your own text or you will lose points!
2.0 Sales Forecast
Briefly introduce the sales forecast section.
2.1 Sales Forecast
Here you should include a simple table showing the years and the total sales for each year, along with a brief explanation of why sales are expected to rise, fall, change, or stay the same in certain years. Provide a brief explanation of the sales forecast, indicating why you expect sales to rise or fall during the planning horizon. Your explanation should be consistent with the trends and changes in sales found in your table.
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Sales
2.2 Methods and Assumptions
Here you should describe how you arrived at your sales forecast in sect.
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Digital forensics has become an increasingly important tool in solving crimes in New York. As more and more criminal activity takes place online, digital forensics has become a key method for law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute those responsible. In this blog post, we'll explore the role of digital forensics in solving crimes in New York and how it is changing the way crimes are investigated.
Accessing Password Protected andor Encrypted Mobile DataAbstrac.docxnettletondevon
Accessing Password Protected and/or Encrypted Mobile Data
Abstract- This research paper examines the potential solution to a problem faced by law enforcement; wherein the inability to decrypt a number of encrypted communications that they have been given appropriate legal permission to intercept or examine, loom large. This research paper utilizes a theoretical approach to explore the ‘going dark’ concern. This paper will also provide an overview of an encryption workaround, which will address the widely used “Signal Messaging Protocol” which is used to encrypt messages transmitted via applications such as Whatsapp, Telegram, Facebook, among others.
Keywords—Signal Messaging Protocol, Encrypted Messaging, Privacy, Law Enforcement, Mobile Phones, WhatsAppI. Introduction
As the use of digital mobile devices continues to become more ubiquitous, so too does the use of strong encryption protocols, which are being made available to users by communication application providers. In an effort to provide even more security to users, those same application providers are developing the encryption protocols in such a way that the providers themselves are not even able to decrypt the private messages. These trends are posing an ever-increasing challenge to law enforcement agencies who are often able to obtain the legal authority necessary to intercept or retrieve certain communication dataonly to find that they are unable to decrypt and view that same data. The FBI has labeled this issue as the “Going Dark” problem.
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Technology helps people in implementing privacy in their day today l.pdfaparnaagenciestvm
Technology helps people in implementing privacy in their day today lives. On the other hand, it
has made it difficult for people to maintain privacy. In the current age of smartphones and
tablets, there are various applications that can raid your privacy without you being even aware of
it. There are various examples of technology being used to invade privacy.
Privacy plays a pivotal role in cases when accessing important information such as documents,
account statements, and other personal information. However, there are various organisations,
businesses, as well as individuals who feel there is not enough privacy.
The use of surveillance by government agencies to keep a check on crime also carries a risk of
invading privacy and freedom of expression.
Benefits
The benefits of surveillance technologies are:
1) Improved ability to detect and prevent crime. By gathering information, crime can be
contained. However, studies have shown that these benefits are variable in different scenarios.
2) It can be used to determine a suspect’s communications and activities. It can point to people
and parties with whom the person has been communicating, the frequency and duration of such
calls, the content, as well as the websites accessed.
3) By tracking and analysing large volumes of data, indicators of criminal activity can be tracked
and placed under closer surveillance.
Solution
Technology helps people in implementing privacy in their day today lives. On the other hand, it
has made it difficult for people to maintain privacy. In the current age of smartphones and
tablets, there are various applications that can raid your privacy without you being even aware of
it. There are various examples of technology being used to invade privacy.
Privacy plays a pivotal role in cases when accessing important information such as documents,
account statements, and other personal information. However, there are various organisations,
businesses, as well as individuals who feel there is not enough privacy.
The use of surveillance by government agencies to keep a check on crime also carries a risk of
invading privacy and freedom of expression.
Benefits
The benefits of surveillance technologies are:
1) Improved ability to detect and prevent crime. By gathering information, crime can be
contained. However, studies have shown that these benefits are variable in different scenarios.
2) It can be used to determine a suspect’s communications and activities. It can point to people
and parties with whom the person has been communicating, the frequency and duration of such
calls, the content, as well as the websites accessed.
3) By tracking and analysing large volumes of data, indicators of criminal activity can be tracked
and placed under closer surveillance..
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 250 words each.Post 11. What vafelipaser7p
Reply to post 1 & 2 with 250 words each.
Post 1
1. What value does Open Source information have for law enforcement intelligence?
In today’s information age, open source information is extremely valuable to law enforcement today. The modernization of technology is accelerating at a fast pace. In the very near future, almost everything that someone says or does will be recorded in some way or another. The way open source information is used today has already shown a great potential in solving past crimes, addressing current crimes, and predicting crimes of the future. According to Friedman (1998), there are several categories of open source information, and some of the major sources are the media, databases, and everyone’s favorite, the internet. The reason why it is extremely valuable in law enforcement is because open source information is a repository of information. Some examples of open source information are DNA repositories, social media posts, photos with geotags, and statistical information. Just from the four examples mentioned, one can see the relevance to law enforcement. DNA databases can be used to link DNA evidence; statistical information can be used to develop crime maps, and help in predictive policing (Joh, 2014). Not so smart felons can leave geotags on photos or have Instagram photos that show their whereabouts.
2. Provide two examples of Open Sources that can be beneficial to law enforcement and explain what those benefits are.
Something that comes quickly to mind is that open source information can be used to develop a pattern of life of an area. Using information gained from public databases, law enforcement officials can identify where the next crime might occur. Another way to use open source information is to monitor social media. Social media posts can indicate where protests will occur, or even where a crime is occurring. Recently, a mass shooting in New Zealand was live-streamed on social media. There are some things that law enforcement can learn from that video in terms of the attacker’s timeline and tactics he employed. Joh (2014) posits that open source information from the internet can be used in mass surveillance, and in predictive policing.
3. What concerns must be factored in if utilizing Open Source information?
The top concern with open source information is the validity of it. Additionally, is the information from a reputable source? How old is the information? The validity of the information critical especially with the internet; there is a lot of junk information on the web that must be disregarded by intelligence experts. Something else to also consider is that open source information can also be used by criminals. For example, criminals can observe the actions of a police force if the media is doing a live-broadcast of a crime in progress.
4. Can police lawfully use insincere or fraudulent means to access social media information? (LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest...)
As state ...
Biometric technologies use biological features such as fingerprints, veins, faces and irises to identify individuals. They greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of identification and verification systems by taking out the element of human error. In the area of public safety, biometric technologies in the form of fingerprinting, iris and facial recognition have made a significant contribution to border control and law enforcement. Brought to you by NEC. To find out more, do visit http://www.nec.com/safety
Physical and Cyber Crime Detection using Digital Forensic Approach: A Complet...IJARIIT
Criminalization may be a general development that has significantly extended in previous few years. In
order, to create the activity of the work businesses easy, use of technology is important. Crime investigation analysis
is a section records in data mining plays a crucial role in terms of predicting and learning the criminals. In our
paper, we've got planned an incorporated version for physical crime as well as cybercrime analysis. Our approach
uses data mining techniques for crime detection and criminal identity for physical crimes and digitized forensic tools
(DFT) for evaluating cybercrimes. The presented tool named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process tool
(CDFPT) is entirely based on digital forensic model and its stages named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process
Model (CDFPM). The primary step includes accepting the case details, categorizing the crime case as physical crime
or cybercrime and sooner or later storing the data in particular databases. For physical crime analysis we've used kmeans
approach cluster set of rules to make crime clusters. The k-means method effects are a lot advantageous by the
utilization of GMAPI generation. This provides advanced and consumer-friendly visual-aid to k-means approach for
tracing the region of the crime. we have applied KNN for criminal identification with the
help of observing beyond crimes and finding similar ones that suit this crime, if no past document is discovered then
the new crime sample are introduced to the crime data-set. With the advancements of web, the network form has
become much more complicated and attacking methods are further more than that as well. For crime analysis
we're detecting the attacks executed on host system through an outsider the usage of
assorted digitized forensic tools to produce information security with the help of generating reports for an
event which could need any investigation. Our digitized technique aids the development of the society
by helping the investigation businesses to follow a custom-built investigative technique in crime analysis and criminal
identification as opposed to manually looking the database to analyze criminal activities, and as a
result facilitate them in combating crimes.
Your company name
Your name
Instruction Page
1. On the cover page
a. Replace ‘Your Company Name’ with your company name, city and state
b. Replace ‘Date’ with the date of the plan
c. Consider inserting graphics:
i. Company logo
ii. Insert a picture or graphic of your product or service
iii. Photo of your facilities
iv. Photo of your location
2. Replace ‘ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE’ with your company name on the page with the Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
3. Open the document header and enter your company name and your name
4. Update the table of contents as you build your business plan.
Delete this page before submitting your business plan.
Business Plan
Your Company Name Here
City, State
Date
Statement of Confidentiality & Non-Disclosure
THIS BUSINESS PLAN CONTAINS PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.
All data submitted to the receiver is provided in reliance upon its consent not to use or disclose any information contained herein except in the context of its business dealings with ENTER YOUR COMPANY NAME HERE (Company). The recipient of this document agrees to inform its present and future employees and partners who view or have access to the document's content of its confidential nature.
The recipient agrees to instruct each employee that they must not disclose any information concerning this document to others except to the extent such matters are generally known to, and are available for use by, the public. The recipient also agrees not duplicate or distribute or permit others to duplicate or distribute any material contained herein without the Company's express written consent.
The Company retains all title, ownership and intellectual property rights to the material and trademarks contained herein, including all supporting documentation, files, marketing material, and multimedia.
Disclaimer Notice
THIS BUSINESS PLAN IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES.
The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any and all proposals made by or on behalf of any recipient, to accept any such proposals, to negotiate with one or more recipients at any time, and to enter into a definitive agreement without prior notice to other recipients. The company also reserves the right to terminate, at any time, further participation in the investigation and proposal process by, or discussions or negotiations with, any recipient without reason.
BY ACCEPTANCE OF THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT AGREES TO BE BOUND BY THE AFOREMENTIONED STATEMENT.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview 6
Executive Summary 6
Objectives 6
Mission 6
Keys to Success 6
Company Summary 6
Company Ownership 6
Start-up 6
What We Sell 7
Summary 7
Our products 7
Our services 7
Market Analysis and Sales Forecast 8
Market and Sales Forecast Summary 8
Total Market 8
Target Market Summar.
Your Company NameYour Company NameBudget Proposalfor[ent.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your Company Name
Your Company Name
Budget Proposal
for
[enter years here]
BUSN278
[Term]
Professor[name]
DeVry University
Table of Contents
Section
Title
Subsection
Title
Page Number1.0Executive Summary
2.0Sales Forecast
2.1Sales Forecast
2.2Methods and Assumptions
3.0Capital Expenditure Budget
4.0Investment Analysis
4.1Cash Flows
4.2NPV Analysis
4.3Rate of Return Calculations
4.4Payback Period Calculations
5.0Pro Forma Financial Statements
5.1Pro Forma Income Statement
5.2Pro Forma Balance Sheet
5.3Pro Forma Cash Budget
6.0Works Cited
7.0Appendices
7.1Appendix 1: [description]
7.2Appendix 2:
[description]
(Please put page numbers in the last column of the table of contents above, because they apply to your finished assignment. Do this after your project is complete. Remove this text and all text that is in italics in this template when finished with your project.)
(Also, please submit your Excel spreadsheet that shows your supporting calculations.)
1.0 Executive Summary
The first paragraph of this executive summary should give a brief description of the business to which this budget applies. Very briefly describe the products and services of this company, the geography or demographics of the customers it serves, and why people purchase the main product of this business. Much or all of this information will be found in the business profile provided to you. Please use your own words, and please do not simply copy and paste the explanation in the course materials. Make assumptions if necessary.
Also, provide a second paragraph that describes how the budget supports the company’s strategy.
Finally, provide a third paragraph in which you summarize the key points from your budget, including the planning horizon; the amount of up-front investment; the NPV, payback, and IRR of the project; and key figures from your income statement, cash budget, and balance sheet.
Remember, this is not a thesis or introduction of what you will talk about—it contains the major, specific content of each section. The second and third paragraphs should be written after you have completed all other sections of this template.
As you complete sections of this template, please remove all italicized text in all sections of this template and replace it with your own text or you will lose points!
2.0 Sales Forecast
Briefly introduce the sales forecast section.
2.1 Sales Forecast
Here you should include a simple table showing the years and the total sales for each year, along with a brief explanation of why sales are expected to rise, fall, change, or stay the same in certain years. Provide a brief explanation of the sales forecast, indicating why you expect sales to rise or fall during the planning horizon. Your explanation should be consistent with the trends and changes in sales found in your table.
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Sales
2.2 Methods and Assumptions
Here you should describe how you arrived at your sales forecast in sect.
Your company recently reviewed the results of a penetration test.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company recently reviewed the results of a penetration test on your network. Several vulnerabilities were identified, and the IT security management team has recommended mitigation. The manager has asked you to construct a plan of action and milestones (POA&M) given that the following vulnerabilities and mitigations were identified:
The penetration test showed that not all systems had malware protection software in place. The mitigation was to write a malware defense process to include all employees and retest the system after the process was implemented.
The penetration test indicated that the data server that houses employee payroll records had an admin password of “admin.” The mitigation was to perform extensive hardening of the data server.
The penetration test also identified many laptop computers that employees brought to work and connected to the internal network,some of which were easily compromised. The mitigation was to write a bring your own device (BYOD) policy for all employees and train the employees how to use their devices at work.
Complete
the 1- to 2-page
Plan of Action and Milestones Template
. (Must use this template!)
.
Your company wants to explore moving much of their data and info.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company wants to explore moving much of their data and information technology infrastructure to the cloud. The company is a small online retailer and requires a database and a web storefront. Currently, only IT is over budget on database maintenance. The initial analysis points to significant cost savings by moving to a cloud environment.
Research
the differences between Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), and Platform as a Service (PaaS).
Discuss
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Your company plans to establish MNE manufacturing operations in South Korea. You have been asked to conduct a cultural audit focusing on leadership behaviors of South Korea. The results of your report will be used for internal training for plant managers due to be reassigned to work with South Korean managers in a few months. You are aware of a high-collectivism culture with a Confucian code of ethical behavior in South Korea. What kinds of South Korean leadership behaviors would you expect to include in your report? Describe these in terms of interaction between the U.S. and Korean managers as well as interaction between Korean leader-followers.
By
Saturday, June 21, 2014
respond to the discussion question assigned by the faculty. Submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, June 25, 2014
.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
Your company just purchased a Dell server MD1420 DAS to use to store.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company just purchased a Dell server MD1420 DAS to use to store databases. the databases will contain all employee records and personal identified information (PII). You know that databases like this are often targets. The Chief Information Officer has asked you draft a diagram for the server and 3 connected workstations. The diagram must use proper UML icons.
- Research:
network topology to protect database server (Google Term and click images)
-
Create a diagram using proper UML
icon, the protects the server and the 3 workstations.
-
Include where Internet access will be located
, firewall and other details.
- The
body (Min 1 page)
- Provide a summary after the diagram how and why you topology should protect the database.
.
your company is moving to a new HRpayroll system that is sponsored .docxhyacinthshackley2629
your company is moving to a new HR/payroll system that is sponsored by a firm called Workday.com. You have been asked to oversee the stakeholder management aspects of this project. Identify some of the key stakeholders at your company and describe how you plan to keep them engaged during your year-long project. Be sure to include the appropriate methods since not all of your stakeholders are located at the HQ office in Herndon, VA.
.
Your company is considering the implementation of a technology s.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company is considering the implementation of a technology solution to address a business problem. As a member of the IT team for a manufacturing company, you were asked to select a product to address the identified needs, informing the stakeholders about its fit to the identified needs, and providing implementation details. Several past process changes have been unsuccessful at implementation and user acceptance. You will create two artifacts that communicate product information tailored to meet the needs of each of the following stakeholder groups:
• Audience 1: executive leadership of the organization, such as the CIO, CFO, etc.
• Audience 2: cross-functional team, including members from IT who will be implementing the product
.
Your company is a security service contractor that consults with bus.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company is a security service contractor that consults with businesses in the U.S. that require assistance in complying with HIPAA. You advertise a proven track record in providing information program security management, information security governance programs, risk management programs, and regulatory and compliance recommendations. You identify vulnerabilities, threats, and risks for clients with the end goal of securing and protecting applications and systems within their organization.
Your client is Health Coverage Associates, a health insurance exchange in California and a healthcare covered entity. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enables individuals and small businesses to purchase health insurance at federally subsidized rates. In the past 6 months, they have experienced:
A malware attack (i.e., SQL Injection) on a critical software application that processed and stored client protected health information (PHI) that allowed access to PHI stored within the database
An internal mistake by an employee that allowed PHI to be emailed to the wrong recipient who was not authorized to have access to the PHI
An unauthorized access to client accounts through cracking of weak passwords via the company’s website login
Health Coverage Associates would like you to
develop
a security management plan that would address the required safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive data from the attacks listed above and protect their assets from the vulnerabilities that allowed the attacks to occur.
Write
a 1- to 2-page high-level executive summary of the legal and regulatory compliance requirements for Health Coverage Associates executives. The summary should provide
Accurate information on the HIPAA requirements for securing PHI
FISMA and HIPAA requirements for a security plan
Scope of the work you will perform to meet the Health Coverage Associates’ requests
Compile
a 1-to 2-page list of at least 10 of the CIS controls that provide key alignment with the administrative (policies), physical (secured facilities), and technical safeguards required under HIPAA to protect against the attacks listed above. Include corresponding NIST controls mapped to the selected CIS controls.
Write
a 1- to 2-page concise outline of the contents of the security management plan. Include
Policies Health Coverage Associates will need to manage, protect, and provide access to PHI
The recommended risk management framework Health Coverage Associates should adopt
Key elements Health Coverage Associates should include in its plan of actions and milestones
Cite
all sources using APA guidelines.
.
Your company has just sent you to a Project Management Conference on.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has just sent you to a Project Management Conference on the latest trends in project scope management. When you return to work, you will have to provide a report at the staff meeting on what you learned.
In your initial post
, share some of the trends that you heard at the conference. Conduct research and use sources to support your findings. Be sure to acknowledge any sources you use.
.
Your company has designed an information system for a library. The .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has designed an information system for a library. The project included a new network (wired and wireless), a data entry application, a Web site, database and documentation.
Design a generic test plan that describes the testing for an imaginary system, make sure to address unit, integration and system testing.
Create a one-page questionnaire to distribute to users in a post-implementation evaluation of a recent information system project. Include at least 10 questions that cover the important information you want to obtain.
.
Your company has had embedded HR generalists in business units for t.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has had embedded HR generalists in business units for the past several years. Over that time, it has become more costly and more difficult to maintain standards, and is a frustration for business units to have that budget “hit.” The leadership has decided to move to a more centralized model of delivering HR services and has asked you to evaluate that proposition and begin establishing a project team to initiate the needed changes. The project team is selected, and you must now provide general direction.
.
Your company You are a new Supply Chain Analyst with the ACME.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company: You are a new Supply Chain Analyst with the ACME Corporation. We design specialty electronics that are components in larger finished goods such as major appliances, automobiles and industrial equipment. Manufacturing is outsourced to low-cost suppliers due to the significant labor contribution and closeness to electronic component suppliers.
Your product: ACME Corp. designs a leading-edge family of devices branded as “Voice Assistants.” These are add-on boxes that many OEMs are using as plug-and-play devices in a wide variety of Internet-of-Things products. They are also sold directly to consumers as after-market items, but only for IoT devices that were built with our proprietary data-port.
Figure 1: Product line of ACME Corp Voice Assistant IoT Add-on Boxes
Your task: Your Chief Supply Chain Officer (CSCO) is requesting a review of supplier-to-customer processes as related to recent growth in our company and increasing demand for faster responsiveness to customers. One alternative is to decentralize our inventory into regional Distribution Centers; however, our ERP system is currently limited in the data available to make some of these decisions – and the output reports are very antiquated. Starting off the process, the CSCO directed that your Analysis Team use population data to pro-rate our national sales data as a starting point. For this analysis, you are asked to focus only on the flagship product, Voice Assistant IoT Add-on Box, 4GB, SKU #123-456789. The challenge is now yours to complete some computations and interpret the results!
Your data: A detailed report from your ERP system along with secondary data from the U.S. Census Bureau (reference: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/data-sets.html) is provided. (Note: Sales to Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico are handled by a 3PL provider and therefore are NOT part of this analysis.) The consolidated EXCEL® file has incorporated several tasks already performed by the Analysis Team --- sort, cleanse, inventory optimization, etc. Other tasks remain for your team.
Detailed Requirements: Prepare a formal report summarizing your results and providing recommendations that are supported by facts. The required layout follows:
A. Supply Chain Management:
a. Identify a single key supplier and a single key customer for your product, including a brief description of their product.
b. Identify the proper type of business relationship that your company should have with the supplier and customer from Part A, above, then briefly describe the data that you would share with them.
c. When implementing Supply Chain Management with your #1 key supplier for the first time, create a timeline that lists each of the six SCOR processes in the order that you recommend implementation; include process leader (by job title), primary contact at supplier/customer (by job title), and duration to implement.
d. Briefly describe each of the four enablers of supply chain .
Your company has asked that you create a survey to collect data .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your company has asked that you create a survey to collect data on customer satisfaction related to their health care experience at your hospital.
Assignment Details (4-5 pages)
Please Add Title to page
Page 1:
A brief summary of the health care issue/topic (wait time, medication errors, etc.)
Number and access of source to sample and population
Limitations of the survey (parameters)
Time line for completion of survey
Page 2: Survey Questions
Survey questions: Limit the questions to 10
Page 3: Compilation of Data
Time line for assessment and evaluation of data
Challenges faced during this process
Page 4: Results and Conclusions
Results of study
Conclusions and potential value of the findings
Reference page
Deliverable Length
4–5 pages
Title and reference pages
.
"Your Communications Plan"
Description
A.
What is your challenge or opportunity?
The topic I would like to present is pitching an Project idea for some investor to invest in my Women’s Resources center.(Voices Of Women)
B.
.
Why is this professionally important to you?
Goal
A.
What goal or outcome do you want to achieve with this communication?
I.
Is it clear, concise, and actionable?
Audience
A.
Who is you target audience?
What are the professional positions of the audience?
I.
What demographic characteristics will the audience comprise?
II.
What is your relationship to the audience?
III.
What background knowledge and expertise does the audience have?
IV.
What does the audience know, feel about, and expect concerning this communication?
V.
What preconceptions or biases do you possess that might prevent you from building rapport with your audience?
B.
What information is available about your audience?
A.
b.
c.
I.
What research/sources will you use to obtain information about the audience?
II.
What conclusions have you been able to draw about the audience?
C.
What tone will you
"Your Communications Plan"
Description
A.
What is your challenge or opportunity?
The topic I would like to present is pitching an Project idea for some investor to invest in my Women’s Resources center.(Voices Of Women)
B.
.
Why is this professionally important to you?
Goal
A.
What goal or outcome do you want to achieve with this communication?
I.
Is it clear, concise, and actionable?
Audience
A.
Who is you target audience?
What are the professional positions of the audience?
I.
What demographic characteristics will the audience comprise?
II.
What is your relationship to the audience?
III.
What background knowledge and expertise does the audience have?
IV.
What does the audience know, feel about, and expect concerning this communication?
V.
What preconceptions or biases do you possess that might prevent you from building rapport with your audience?
B.
What information is available about your audience?
A.
b.
c.
I.
What research/sources will you use to obtain information about the audience?
II.
What conclusions have you been able to draw about the audience?
C.
What tone will you use to convey your message?
I.
Is the setting casual or formal?
II.
Is the communication personal or impersonal?
Key Message
A.
What is the primary message you must convey to your audience?use to convey your message?
I.
Is the setting casual or formal?
II.
Is the communication personal or impersonal?
Key Message
A.
What is the primary message you must convey to your audience?
.
Your community includes people from diverse backgrounds. Answer .docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your community includes people from diverse backgrounds. Answer the following questions related to how culture affects nutrition.
1. How does your culture shape decisions that you make about nutrition? (Culture includes history, values, politics, economics, communication styles, beliefs, and practices.)
2. Describe at least 1 different cultures present at your community. How do these cultures impact food choices?
3. Describe how you interact with someone from another culture related to diet. Provide specific examples.
4. Assume that you are preparing a Thanks Giving dinner for a group of your classmates that represent a variety of cultures. Describe how you will prepare the menu and set the table. Include how you will address food safety at the picnic.
Explore ways to address the problem of food insecurity in your community.
1. What programs are available to meet the nutrition needs of individuals in the area?
2. What types of options exist in the area to purchase food?
3. What role do you believe society should take to ensure that individuals have access to adequate healthy food?
4. What do you see as your role in the community related to proper nutrition?
.
Your Communications Plan Please respond to the following.docxhyacinthshackley2629
"Your Communications Plan"
Please respond to the following:
Provide a brief overview of your Strategic Communications Plan. Include a short description for each of the following
in bullet point format
:
- The purpose of the communication
- Your goal
- Audience
- Key Message
- Supporting Points
- Channel Selection
- Action Request
Note:
Remember, feedback is a powerful and essential tool. Thoughtful, useful feedback is specific. It combines suggestions for improvement with the recognition of good ideas. When you offer feedback, you should contribute new ideas and new perspectives to help your peers learn and move forward.
.
Your Communication InvestigationFor your mission after reading y.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your Communication Investigation
For your mission after reading your assignment, you are to take yourself and a notebook into your environment and observe human interaction for 15 minutes noting two persons and their interpersonal exchange(s) but don't join the conversation. This can be a place of your choosing but describe it in some (not complete) detail. Note significant features of the communication environment. Using terms from our textbook write down your observations.
Identify the elements from our Transactional model
Briefly describe the transactional nature of the communication of the persons you are observing. Do you see attempts at ‘communicare’ of "making something common"? What is it that you saw that led you to this conclusion? Sender? Receiver? Message?
Report back to us
Describe the communication behavior you observed in a brief but specific report. What got your attention? Why? What elements of the transactional communication model did you see as you were observing their behavior? What about your 'decoding' of the scene? Do you think you had any personal 'noise' or bias that may have affected how you saw or interpreted the scene?
Post your report to the Discussion Board and then read all of the posts
Post your replies to two classmates and using your skills in perception take a position of empathy
.
Explain how you perceive the scene your classmate reports and take a perspective demonstrating empathy as defined in our textbook in chapter 2 (page 52) putting yourself in the place of either or both persons your classmate observed. What you can learn from the description of the scene reported by your classmate and you considering Empathy, Perception, and observed Communication. More through reports and replies will receive higher scores.
.
Your Communications PlanFirst step Choose a topic. Revi.docxhyacinthshackley2629
"Your Communications Plan"
First step: Choose a topic. Review the Communication Challenge Topics and choose one that is relevant and interesting to you. Make sure to review the examples and anecdotes that follow each topic in this document. You can also find this information under the Course Info tab.
Second step: Review the Strategic Communication Plan example. Your plan should mirror this example in format and length. You can also find this example under the Course Info tab.
Third step: In this discussion, please respond to the following:
Part 1: What is your topic?
Part 2: Provide a rough draft of your Strategic Communications Plan for peer review and instructor feedback. Your draft should include enough detail that we can provide strong constructive feedback and input.
COM510 ASSIGNMENT COMMUNICATION CHALLENGE TOPICS
In the world of business, we can create opportunities through strategic communication. Throughout our professional careers, there are key events that raise the stakes of our communications approach.
WHAT YOU’LL DO
1) Review the Communication Challenge Topics and their accompanying case study examples.
2) Select 1 topic that is professionally relevant for you.
3) Use for your COM510 assignments (the topic you have selected, not the case study example).
Note: If there is another challenge or current opportunity in your professional life that is more relevant for you, you may choose a topic that is not on this list. Keep in mind that the communication challenge you select must in- clude both written and verbal communication elements to meet the needs of this course. (Your professor must approve your selection before you proceed.)
1
Examples of each scenario are provided to demonstrate what thoughtful, professional communication would look like in each of these situations. These are only examples and should not be used for completing the assignment. You can create and establish all necessary assumptions. The scenario is yours to explain.
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGE TOPICS
Choose one of the following topics for your assignments.
• Internal Promotion Opportunity
• New Job Opportunity Interview
• Running a Meeting
• Coaching Your Direct Employees
• Pitching a Project Idea
INTERNAL PROMOTION
Seeking a promotion from within your company is one opportunity in which strategic communication could mean the difference be- tween success and failure. If you choose this scenario, you’ll need to create both a written and a verbal (audio or video) communica- tion. These elements should explain why you are the right person for the internal promotion while addressing potential questions you might need to answer as part of the process.
Things to Consider
• Have you checked the listings on your company’s job board lately?
• Is there a new position you would like to secure?
• Have you taken on more responsibility at work?
• Have your outcomes been positive?
• Do your job title and job description match what you do? .
Your coffee franchise cleared for business in both countries (Mexico.docxhyacinthshackley2629
Your coffee franchise cleared for business in both countries (Mexico, and China). You now have to develop your global franchise team and start construction of your restaurants. . You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another since they represent the global division of your company.
You are concerned with the following two issues. Substantively address each in a two-part paper, applying Beyond the Book, MUSE, Intellipath and library resources to support your reasoning
Part 1: Effective communication with participants
What are the implications of the cultural variables for your communication with the team representative from each country in the face to face meeting?
Address Hall’s high and low context regarding verbal and non-verbal communication. The United States is a low context culture, while each country is high context.
Tip: Write at least one substantive paragraph for each country
Video on Hall's high and Low Context Communication
Part 2: Effective communication among participants
What are examples of barriers and biases in cross-cultural business communications that may impact the effectiveness of communication among the meeting participants and in potential negotiations?
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal communication for this group to avoid misinterpretations and barriers to communication?
Please submit your assignment.
.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
10 Criminology in the FutureCriminology in the FutureKristop.docx
1. 10 Criminology in the Future
Criminology in the Future
Kristopher Freitag, Javielle Watson, Michael Westphal, Starcia
Zeigler
CJA/314
April 7, 2014
Judy Mazzucca
Technology is advancing in every aspect of the criminal justice
system, from the investigation to the prosecution of the crimes.
Crime fighting methodologies have the potential to greatly
assist law enforcement in the war on crime. Some experts even
think that some software and tools will be able to help prevent
crime. (Yeung, n.d.). Methodologies, such as mandating DNA
collection programs, biometrics, and implementing cybercrime
spyware programs are on the list of the next big things of the
future, when it comes to fighting crime. DNA testing helps law
enforcement investigate and prosecute crimes, as well as clear
the names of those who have been wrongfully convicted. There
are currently about twenty states with laws requiring DNA
collection at the time of the person’s arrest. The federal
government also has this requirement. As, with any
2. controversial subject, DNA testing has its critics. Some are
saying that DNA testing is in violation of the Fourth
Amendment, especially for those who have not been convicted
of a crime. Others are concerned that DNA testing may open the
doors for abuse of the genetic information being stored in the
databases. (Berson, n.d.). Biometrics are automated methods of
recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral
characteristics. Some of the features measured using biometrics
are handwriting, voice, iris, hand geometry, vein, retinal, and
fingerprints. Biometric based solutions provide personal data
privacy, and confidential financial transactions, and are starting
to become the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure
identification and personal verification solutions. The need for
highly secure identification and personal verification
technologies is great, due to the increased number of transaction
fraud and security breaches. This need is especially great in the
areas of local, state, and federal governments. Infrastructures
such as electronic banking, health and social services, law
enforcement, and retail sales are already taking advantage of,
and seeing the benefits of biometric technology. ("The
Biometrics Consortium", n.d.).
As we become more and more dependent on technology, the
increase of cybercrimes are skyrocketing, which has forced law
enforcement to figure out ways of combatting cybercrimes. We
have become extremely vulnerable to many cybercrimes,
including social media fraud, which consists of cyber criminals
using social media to steal the identities of unsuspecting
people; and luring people to download malicious materials, or
reveal their passwords; corporate security breaches, which
consists of cyber criminals exploiting company employees via
scams; and phishing, which involves cyber criminals targeting
company employees by sending emails that appear to be from
someone within the company. ("Homeland Security", n.d.). As a
way of combatting cybercrimes, the FBI has been using their
own spyware called Computer and Internet Protocol Address
Verifier (CIPAV). CIPAV has been in use by the FBI since
3. 2004, and while it is still unclear as to exactly how CIPAV
works, there is a little information about it. CIPAV gathers
information including the current person’s logged in username
and the last site visited; the computer’s operating system type,
version, and serial number; the computer’s registered owner’s
name and registered company’s name; the preferred internet
browser used as well as the version used; the MAC address; the
list of running programs; open ports; and the computer’s IP
address. After CIPAV gathers this information, the spyware
then goes into silent pen register mode, where it monitors the
suspected computer for up to sixty days. (Begun, 2014).
As law enforcement evolves, so does technology. Gone are
the days of the inexperienced officer, with no weapon, walking
the streets. Law enforcement now consists of highly trained
officers, armed with the latest technology in weapons and
equipment. We tend to overlook how important some
technologies are to law enforcement. Cars, for instance, up until
1910 police did their jobs on foot, then they received police
cars, in order to make their jobs a little easier. The radio and
telephone also enhanced law enforcement’s job in a major way.
Without the telephone, there would not be a 911 dispatching
system, so there would be no way for us to call for help.
("Public Engines", n.d.). Forensic technology has also
advanced. Scientists at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have
developed a Light weight Analyzer for Buried Remains and
Decomposition Odor Recognition system, called LABRADOR
for short. This system is used to locate dead bodies. Normally
cadaver dogs would be used for this purpose, however the dogs
cannot detect relative concentrations of chemicals, and the
LABRADOR can. The LABRADOR can pin point the exact
location of a dead body. At the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory in Richland, Washington, a chemist named Carlos
Fraga has been working on a forensic technique that analyzes
chemicals. The difference in Mr. Fraga’s technique is, this
technique will be used for locating the criminal, instead of the
victim. Mr. Fraga’s focus is on chemical attacks, he has
4. detected a way of tracing the origin of a chemical attack by
analyzing the impurities in the chemical. This technique can
also be used to detect the patterns of drugs flowing into the
country. A company by the name of Autonomous ID has
developed a product called Bio Sole, which is a device that
measures the way that a person’s foot hits the ground. This
technique will verify a person’s identity. It is said that this
device could replace the use of retina and fingerprint scanning.
("Pbs", 2014).
As technology continues to evolve and become more
advanced, there are bound to be many accusations of civil
liberties and ethical violations. This was the debate with the
issue of law enforcement being able to collect DNA samples
from people. The DNA Identification Act of 1994 was created
by the Department of Justice. The DNA Identification Act
specifies the categories of data that may be kept and maintained
in the database. ("The Federal Bureau Of Investigation", n.d.).
Some argued that collecting DNA would create the potential for
the genetic information being kept in the databases to be
abused. Some believe it is a violation of the individual’s
privacy. Others argued that the laboratories would not be
capable of managing the influx of samples from a new source.
(Berson, n.d.).
NEXT PORTION BELOW
The technology and ways to prevent crime are advancing each
time a criminal commits a crime. Crime prevention will become
more effective if the communities help out in ensuring that laws
and regulations are enforced. There are many different ways to
prevent crime, and the ones least expected can be the most
effective depending on the circumstances of the crime. In the
terms of the social policy preventing crime, social
disorganization must first be addressed. This policy relies
solely on what the community is doing as a whole. Technology
used for fighting crime is becoming advanced as criminals learn
5. new skills daily, and ways to commit their crimes. The upgrades
and advancements of technology are improving, but are not
going at the same fast pace of criminal advancement.
Cybercrime, forensics, biometrics, DNA, facial recognition, and
spyware to name a few; are becoming changing to meet the
qualifications of solving, and preventing some crimes. Since
cybercrimes are rapidly progressing, law enforcement are now
monitoring what people are doing on the web, especially on
social websites and other popular sites. Spyware can be used to
commit crimes with instruments such as computers, cell phones,
and electronic devices. With the use of technology, the officers
may use the IP address to track the location of the computer.
Law enforcement is doing more extensive training and forensics
is progressing to meet the needs of safety for the public. With
forensic testing advancing, law enforcement is able to solve
more of the unsolved crimes from prior events. Forensic
scientists are able to determine more about what caused a
victim’s death, what condition their body was in, and even
personal things like what they had to eat that day. Ethical
violations and civil liberties have been around for a long time;
law enforcement must be cautious and alert that they are
following regulations and guidelines. They must also be
cautious of ensuring they are doing what is ethically right and
having integrity. Law enforcement officials must also respect
the rights and privacy of those around them. Information that
must be kept confidential pertaining to cases must be just that.
The future of preventing crime is more on the individuals
of the communities than law enforcement. Law enforcement is
more for enforcing the laws and safety of the public. Video
surveillance is becoming the one of the top ways to prevent
crime when the presence of officers is absent. More individuals
are participating in neighborhood crime watch in their areas,
and the crime is declining now for some areas. Law enforcement
is using drones for areas with crime that they cannot be in. The
surveillance drones can capture videos and images of crimes as
they happen in real time. This helps crime analysts and officers
6. respond more effectively to dangerous situations or crimes.
Officers wear special glasses called Google glasses. These
glasses record and analyze everything they see. The glasses can
provide information about businesses, homes, and vehicles.
Since the glasses use real time they also use facial recognition
software, that reads faces of those around the officer and even
detect if a person has outstanding warrants. Law enforcement
and crime analyst are can in some cases gather information for
or even self incriminating evidence from social sites such as
facebook. Communities and neighborhoods are failing to realize
the common values of the community and failing to maintain
social control. When residents don’t look out for their own
homes and their neighbors; this leaves them more prone to be a
targeted neighborhood for crime. The core of crime is social
problems that communities are having such as: unemployed and
unemployable adults, single parent households, single adults,
and children below poverty line, ethnic minorities, refugees, or
any person who has been previously institutionalized. These
reasons can contribute causing these problems: instability,
change, loss of goods, services and transportation, and decline
of labor market (Knepper, 2007). If more business owner and
homeowner became more involved the crimes in their areas
would decline, and they would have social control.
Technology is advancing in every aspect of the criminal justice
system, from the investigation to the prosecution of the crimes.
Crime fighting methodologies have the potential to greatly
assist law enforcement in the war on crime. Some experts even
think that some software and tools will be able to help prevent
crime. (Yeung, n.d.). Methodologies, such as mandating DNA
collection programs, biometrics, and implementing cybercrime
spyware programs are on the list of the next big things of the
future, when it comes to fighting crime. DNA testing helps law
enforcement investigate and prosecute crimes, as well as clear
the names of those who have been wrongfully convicted.There
are currently about twenty states with laws requiring DNA
collection at the time of the person’s arrest. The federal
7. government also has this requirement. As, with any
controversial subject, DNA testing has its critics. Some are
saying that DNA testing is in violation of the Fourth
Amendment, especially for those who have not been convicted
of a crime. Others are concerned that DNA testing may open the
doors for abuse of the genetic information being stored in the
databases. (Berson, n.d.).Biometrics is automated methods of
recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral
characteristics. Some of the features measured using biometrics
are handwriting, voice, iris, hand geometry, vein, retinal, and
fingerprints. Biometric based solutions provide personal data
privacy, and confidential financial transactions, and are starting
to become the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure
identification and personal verification solutions. The need for
highly secure identification and personal verification
technologies is great, due to the increased number of transaction
fraud and security breaches. This need is especially great in the
areas of local, state, and federal governments. Infrastructures
such as electronic banking, health and social services, law
enforcement, and retail sales are already taking advantage of,
and seeing the benefits of biometric technology. ("The
Biometrics Consortium", n.d.).
As we become more and more dependent on technology, the
increase of cybercrimes are skyrocketing, this has forced law
enforcement to figure out ways of combatting cybercrimes. We
have become extremely vulnerable to many cybercrimes,
including social media fraud, which consists of cyber criminals
using social media to steal the identities of unsuspecting
people; and luring people to download malicious materials, or
reveal their passwords; corporate security breaches, which
consists of cyber criminals exploiting company employees via
scams; and phishing, which involves cyber criminals targeting
company employees by sending emails that appear to be from
someone within the company. ("Homeland Security", n.d.).As a
way of combatting cybercrimes, the FBI has been using their
own spyware called Computer and Internet Protocol Address
8. Verifier (CIPAV). CIPAV has been in use by the FBI since
2004, and while it is still unclear as to exactly how CIPAV
works, there is a little information about it. CIPAV gathers
information including the current person’s logged in username
and the last site visited; the computer’s operating system type,
version, and serial number; the computer’s registered owner’s
name and registered company’s name; the preferred internet
browser used as well as the version used; the MAC address; the
list of running programs; open ports; and the computer’s IP
address. After CIPAV gathers this information, the spyware
then goes into silent pen register mode, where it monitors the
suspected computer for up to sixty days. (Begun, 2014).
As law enforcement evolves, so does technology. Gone are
the days of the inexperienced officer, with no weapon, walking
the streets. Law enforcement now consists of highly trained
officers, armed with the latest technology in weapons and
equipment. We tend to overlook how important some
technologies are to law enforcement. Cars, for instance, up until
1910 police did their jobs on foot, then they received police
cars, in order to make their jobs a little easier. The radio and
telephone also enhanced law enforcement’s job in a major way.
Without the telephone, there would not be a 911 dispatching
system, so there would be no way for us to call for help.
("Public Engines", n.d.).Forensic technology has also advanced.
Scientists at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed
a Light weight Analyzer for Buried Remains and Decomposition
Odor Recognition system, called LABRADOR for short. This
system is used to locate dead bodies. Normally cadaver dogs
would be used for this purpose, however the dogs cannot detect
relative concentrations of chemicals, and the LABRADOR can.
The LABRADOR can pin point the exact location of a dead
body. At the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in
Richland, Washington, a chemist named Carlos Fraga has been
working on a forensic technique that analyzes chemicals. The
difference in Mr. Fraga’s technique is, this technique will be
used for locating the criminal, instead of the victim. Mr.
9. Fraga’s focus is on chemical attacks, he has detected a way of
tracing the origin of a chemical attack by analyzing the
impurities in the chemical. This technique can also be used to
detect the patterns of drugs flowing into the country. A
company by the name of Autonomous ID has developed a
product called Bio Sole, which is a device that measures the
way that a person’s foot hits the ground. This technique will
verify a person’s identity. It is said that this device could
replace the use of retina and fingerprint scanning.
("Pbs", 2014).
As technology continues to evolve and become more
advanced, there are bound to be many accusations of civil
liberties and ethical violations. This was the debate with the
issue of law enforcement being able to collect DNA samples
from people. The DNA Identification Act of 1994 was created
by the Department of Justice. The DNA Identification Act
specifies the categories of data that may be kept and maintained
in the database. ("The Federal Bureau Of Investigation", n.d.).
Some argued that collecting DNA would create the potential for
the genetic information being kept in the databases to be
abused. Some believe it is a violation of the individual’s
privacy. Others argued that the laboratories would not be
capable of managing the influx of samples from a new
source.(Berson, n.d.).
1. The three year zero rate is 7% per annum and the four year
zero rate is 7.5% pa (both continuously compounded). What is
the one year (continuously compounded) forward rate starting in
three years time?
(2 marks)
10. 2. The zero rate curve is flat at 6% pa with semi-annual
compounding. What is the value of a FRA where the holder
receives interest at the rate of 8% per annum with semi-annual
compounding for a six month period on a principle of $1000
starting in 2 years?
(2 marks)
3. The margin requirement on the S&P/ASX 200 futures
contract is 10% and the stock index is currently 4400. Each
contract has a multiplier of $25. How much margin must be put
up for each contract sold? If the futures price falls by 1% to
4356, what will happen to the margin account of an investor
who holds one contract? What will the investor’s percentage
return based on the amount put up as margin be?
4. The S&P/ASX 200 index is currently at 4000. You manage a
$4 million indexed equity portfolio. The S&P/ASX 200 futures
contract has a multiplier of $25.
a) If you are temporarily bearish on the stock market, how many
contracts should you sell to fully eliminate your exposure over
the next six months?
(1 mark)
b) If government pay 2% per six months and the semi-annual
dividend yield is 1%, what is the parity value of the futures
price? Show that if the contract is fairly priced, the total risk-
free proceeds on the hedged strategy in part (a) provide a return
equal to the government bond rate.
(1 mark)
11. 5. In early 2012, the spot exchange rate between the Swiss
Franc and the U.S dollar was 1.0404($ per franc). Interest rates
in the U.S. and Switzerland were 0.25% and the 0% per annum,
respectably, with continuous compounding. The three-month
forward exchange rate was 1.0300($ per franc). What arbitrage
strategy was possible? How does your answer change if the
exchange rate is 1.0500($ per franc).
(2 marks)