The document explores the role of technology in crime analysis, emphasizing its importance in detecting and preventing crime through various innovations, including hard and soft technologies. It discusses data from sources like the article by Byrne and Marx (2011) that highlights the use of tools such as CCTV cameras and predictive policing software. The document serves as a foundation for further research into technological advances that aid law enforcement and crime prevention strategies.

1. Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
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CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
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Crime Analysis Technology
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Crime Analysis Technology
Peer-Reviewed Article Analysis
Technology has evolved over the years in various sectors, with
new technological innovations being developed. One of the
areas that has witnessed great applications of technological

2. evolution is in the detection and prevention of crime. This
article will analyze the various technologies that are used to
prevent and detect crime.
Byrne and Marx (2011) in their article reviews the topic in
detail and gives insight in the role of technology in combating
crime.
The key data that will be used in this research is secondary data
from various peer-reviewed sources that review the topic of
Crime Analysis Technology from various perspectives. Byrne
and Marx (2011) presents various data on crime and the use of
Information Technology in crime detection and prevention. For
instance, it highlights that the percentage of schools in the
United States that deploy metal detectors is approximately 2%.
The article also approximates that as of 2006, one million
CCTV cameras had been deployed in the United States,
although the article does not provide current estimates on the
same.
The article plays a great role in my final research. It gives a
highlight of the various technological applications for crime
prevention and detection. This can provide a background for
further research, especially the technological innovations that
are currently being developed. The article also presents figures
about various elements of technology in crime prevention and
detection such as the number of CCTV cameras, the crime rates
such as the registered sex offenders, among others. Projections
can therefore be made to the future.
The article mentions several significant facts. First, it classifies
technological innovations in criminal justice as hard technology
versus soft technology. Hard technology innovations include
hardware and materials while soft technology innovations
include information systems and computer software. Examples
of hard technology is the CCTV cameras, metal detectors, and
security systems at homes and schools. Examples of soft
technology include predictive policing technology, crime
analysis techniques, software, and data sharing techniques,
among others. Both of the two categories of technological

3. innovations are important in criminal justice. Another fact is the
new technology of policing. The article identifies hard policing
technological tools such as non-lethal weaponry and
technologies for officer safety. It highlights soft policing
technologies such as data-driven policies in policing and
information sharing. Another important fact that the article
mentions is the issues that should be considered in
technological innovations in criminal justice. Some of the issues
mentioned in the article is that policy should be determined by
research and evaluation and using evidence-based practice
should be used to develop new programs or remodel the existing
ones.
Overall, the article provides a good background for further
research in technology in criminal justice system. More
innovations may be included in further research due to ongoing
technological innovations for crime prevention and detection.
For example, further research should look at technological
innovations to curb cyber-bullying due to the huge impact of
social media.
References
Byrne, J. & Marx, G. (2011). Technological Innovations in
Crime Prevention and Policing. A
Review of the Research on Implementation and Impact.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/238011.pdf
Running head:

4. CRIME ANALYSI
S
TECHNOLOGY
1
Crime Analys
is Technology
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

5. Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
1
Crime Analysis Technology
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Unit 3.2: Peer Review Article
With your research, you will be reviewing a total of four (4)
peer reviewed articles. For this discussion board, attach 1 of
your articles and summarize it briefly for your peers.
· What key data will you be using for your research?

6. · How do you think this article will play a role in your final
research?
· What are the 3 most important facts do you think this article
covers?
The key data I will be using in my research is what is most and
least common to society in the technology era. Anything from
mobile phone technology, social media investigation and safety,
to computer analyst software and safety, also how law
enforcement uses the same tools and more to prevent,
investigate, and catch an offender. The three most important
facts this article will provide is information on the devices,
tools, and techniques that is most important to the research
O, U. S. D. (2007). Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices,
Tools, and Techniques. Retrieved January 30, 2020, from
https://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/investigative-uses-of-
technology-devices-tools-and-techniques.html
Running head: DATA
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DATA
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Data

7. Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Data
There are many approaches of managing and storing data.
Spreadsheets and databases are some of the most common
approaches of handling data. The choice one uses should be
based on ease of use, analytical capabilities, and the efficiency
of the system, data integrity, among other reasons. A
spreadsheet has data arranged in rows and columns. One of the
most common spreadsheets packages is Microsoft Excel.
Databases have data arranged in structured ways.
For my data, I will use databases. This is because they have
many advantages over spreadsheets. First, they enhance data
quality checks. This is because databases allow certain variables
as the only possible entries. For instance, if the input is either
male or female, the database will not accept any other entry.
Databases also have a feature that check for duplication,
something which is not available in spreadsheets (Matthews,
2010). Another reason for the use of databases is that databases
allows the integration of data, a function that spreadsheets can
also perform but through custom programming which may
require additional technical expertise. Databases are also
resource efficient if large volumes of data are involved
compared to spreadsheets. Databases also allow for user
efficiency because the display of data can be tailored to a user’s

8. need. For example, a user may get the information he needs
from a database easily without going through all the data
contained in the database. Databases also ensure cost efficiency
when large volumes of data are involved (Matthews, 2010).
However, the volume of data may determine whether to use a
spreadsheet or a database. In some situations where simplicity
is desired and the volume of data is low, it may be advantageous
to use a spreadsheet such as Excel because many people are
aware of how to use it.
To organize my data into a database, I will name the database,
identify the objects, define and name a table for each object,
identify the attributes associated with each object, define and
name columns, and determine the primary key.
References
Matthews, A. (2010). Spreadsheets & databases. Pretoria:
MattLo

9. Running head:
DATA
1
Data
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

10. Running head: DATA
1
Data
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS
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CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY
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11. Crime Analysis Technology
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic
analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns
and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law
enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively
deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner,
which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime
analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at
solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the
current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the
right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in
the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by
USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne &
Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has
majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential
to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the
increased crime rates. With the current advancement in
technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has
enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All
this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who

12. have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law
enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke,
2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime
analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes.
Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to
make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in
predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to
effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting
Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has
enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the
previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe
crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law
enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as
when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime
analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an
increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey
done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for
every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the
use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive
effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can
identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis:
Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other
sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets,
databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use
data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis
has had many positive impacts in different areas, which
includes robberies and arsons with pattern examining as well as
reviewing events sequence (Santos, 2012).
Use crime analysis technology is very useful in fighting
terrorism activities through analysis of previous crimes and thus
predicting any intended cyber-attacks. One of the most
important federal agency mandated to deal with terrorist
activity is the FBI. Therefore, be essential to implementing the
initiative to the FBI agent. FBI is a U.S. domestic security and

13. intelligence service. The FBI operates under the United States
department of justice jurisdiction and usually reports to the
director of national intelligence and attorney general. FBI is the
United States leading organization when it comes to matters
aimed at countering terrorist activities as well as investigation
of criminal activities. The FBI formed in 1908, the organization
currently has about 35,204 employees and its headquarters are
in Washington, D.C. Having being involved in both law
enforcing responsibilities as well as intelligence, the FBI is
unique as it has dual responsibilities and thus significant agency
in the U.S. Some of the vital roles includes ensuring the United
States has protection from terrorist activities as well as foreign
threat activities. In addition, it mandates upholding and
enforcing criminal laws of the U.S. as well as providing
criminal justice services and leadership to both federal, state,
international agencies as well as municipal. Implementing a
better law enforcement initiative in the FBI is therefore very
important, as it will strengthen the ability of the FBI when it
comes to dealing with the terrorist as well as ensuring the
nation has protection from other foreign threats. To ensure the
success of the initiative, most of the stakeholders will be
technological companies. Technological companies will ensure
the success of the action reaches achievement. The target
audience will be the leaders of the FBI agents, as this will
ensure that the information reaches the rest of the FBI
fraternity.

14. References
Crime Analysis and Patterns. (n.d.). The International Crime
Drop. doi:10.1057/9781137291462.0014
Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data. (2017, June 12).
Retrieved from
https://www.floridatechonline.com/blog/criminal-justice/crime-
analysis-fighting-crime-with-data/
Crime Analysts Fight Crime From Behind a Keyboard. (2019,
July 29). Retrieved from
https://online.campbellsville.edu/criminal-justice/crime-
analysts/
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): History, Role & Purpose.
(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/federal-bureau-of-
investigation-fbi-history-role-purpose.html
Osborne, D., & Wernicke, S. (2013). Introduction to Crime
Analysis: Basic Resources for Criminal Justice Practice.
London, England: Routledge.
Santos, R. B. (2012). Crime Analysis With Crime Mapping.
SAGE.
The United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). The
FBI Story.
Crime Analysis technology:
This area has become the most important asset in the modern
world. This topic interest me because it is the most common
denominator between law enforcers and law offenders. What is
also interesting is that information technology is literally at the
fingertips of everybody. It is more interesting and feasible
because it is one of the more effective ways of solving crime
whether it is a detective triangulating signal off a cellphone
tower to place an alleged killer in the area of a crime or doing a
scan of a confiscated computer to detect inappropriate

15. pornography. This is an interesting topic because it addresses
developments that can be used to collect enormous amounts of
evidence in crimes. However, it might be less feasible than the
other topics due to the devastating effects that a mistake caused
in this field can have on the universe.
For my Capstone Project I choose Crime Analysis Technology
and techniques of fighting crimes. There is so much crime
solving, current or cold case based on ever-evolving technology
and the access it gives crime fighters. I believe extensive
research and knowledge of this topic is researchable as well as
presentable. The current technology and social media craze, law
enforcement needs to take advantage of it and to society needs
to be knowledgeable of how safe or dangerous it can be.