This document provides an overview of renewable energy technologies used for power generation, focusing on wind and solar energy. It discusses how wind turbines convert wind force into torque to generate electricity, and the typical power load factors for wind farms. It also explains the two main solar power generation technologies: concentrating solar thermal plants and photovoltaic plants. Concentrating solar plants use collectors and turbines to generate electricity from heat, while photovoltaic plants use solar arrays and inverters. The document concludes with current installed capacities of wind and solar power in India.

1. Renewable energy technologies in
power generation
By
Sekar.k viknesh.k

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Wind energy
• Solar energy

3. Introduction

4. Introduction
• Renewable Energy – “any sustainable energy source that comes from natural
environment.”
• Some Aspects of Renewable Energy
– It exists perpetually and in abundant in the environment
– Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible
– It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels
– “energy that is derived from natural process that are replenished
constantly” -- defined by the RENEWABLE ENERGY WORKING

5. Introduction
Contribution of Renewable Energy in World Electricity Production

6. Introduction
• Major Renewable Energy Sources
 Hydro Energy
 Wind Energy
 Solar Energy
 Biomass Energy
 Tidal Energy
 Geothermal Energy
 Wave Energy
 Bio-fuel
 Biogases

7. Present Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy
Sources in India
Renewable Energy Source Present Installed Capacity
Wind 10200 MW
Small Hydro 2100 MW
Biogases 750 MW
Biomass 620 MW
Solar 2 MW
Total RE Installed Capacity – 13672 MW

8. INTRODUCTION
Solar Panels Wind Turbine Generators

9. Wind Energy

10. Wind Energy - Technology
Differential heating of the earth’s surface and
atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air
currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation
and contours of the land and generates WIND.
 A wind turbine obtains its power input by
converting the force of the wind into a torque
(turning force) acting on the rotor blades.
 The amount of energy which the wind
transfers to the rotor depends on the density of
the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.
PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range of
20 % to 30% depending upon the site
conditions and WTG rating.
P  Power
ρ  Air Density (kg/m3
)
A  Blade Area -turbine (m2
)
V  Wind velocity (m/s)
P = 0.5 X ρ X A X V3

11. Wind Energy – Present Scenario
Major Components of Wind Turbine

12. Wind Energy – Present Scenario
Wind Power – Fastest growing renewable energy
source
Globally, it grew at the average rate of 27 % pa over
the past 10 years.
While in India it grew at the average rate of 33%
over the past 9 years.
Presently, India is ranked 4th
in the world in terms
of Wind Energy Installed Capacity
Drivers of growth
Environmental Awareness and Sustainable
Development
Growing Global Energy Demand
Improving Competitiveness of renewable
energy
Security of Supply Concerns
New Markets (e.g. India, China etc)
Carbon Trading
Fiscal Benefits by Govt. (PTC, feed in tariffs,
etc)

13. Solar Energy

14. Solar Energy - Technology
Solar power is by far the Earth's most available energy source, easily capable of
providing many times the total current energy demand.
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.
Two main commercial ways of conversion of sunlight into electricity.
Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very successful in decentralized
applications, whereas CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale
applications. CSP power plants are the most cost-efficient way to generate and
to store dispatch able CO2
-free electricity. However, there is no competition
between both. Rather, they have to be seen as complementary technologies.
PLF of CSP – In the range of 20 % to 30 %
 PLF of PV – In the range of 15 % to 20 %

15. Solar Energy - Technology
 Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant
(CSP)
 It contains;
 Collector Field
 Turbine
 Generator
 Cooling Tower
 Transformer

16. Solar Energy - Technology
Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
 It contains;
Solar Arrays
Inverter
Transformer

17. Solar Energy - Technology
 In both CSP and PV technologies, solar resources plays major role.
 Maps are available to calculate solar resource of a particular region. However, for both
CSP and PV technologies different solar radiations are taken into account.
 Basically two types of solar radiations are there;
 Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI)
 Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
 For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI
 consists of diffuse radiations and direct
 horizontal radiations (beam).
 Minimum GHI – 1000 kwh/m2
pa
 For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI
 is the amount of radiation received by
 a surface which is permanently aligned
 perpendicular to the incoming beam.
 Minimum DNI – 1900 kwh/m2
pa

18. Solar Energy - Technology
A typical DNI irradiation Map for
India which is used to find a
feasible site for CSP Plant.
A typical GHI irradiation Map for
India which is used to find a
feasible site for PV Plant.

19. Solar Energy - Technology
• The total installed capacity of solar
power (Both CSP and PV) as of 2008 is
2826 MW.
• In India the total installed capacity of
solar power is around 2 MW.
• In India, various government and private
players have entered into CSP and PV
markets.
• MNRE has set a target to establish at
least 50 MW of solar projects during the
11th
plan.

20. Thank you