The document discusses various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydro, and plant power. It provides details on how these different sources generate electricity. For example, it explains that hydro power uses water flowing through turbines to power generators. Wind power converts the kinetic energy of wind using turbines connected to generators. Solar power can be generated through concentrating solar thermal plants that use mirrors to heat fluid or through photovoltaic panels that convert sunlight directly into electricity. Plant power is an emerging technology that uses living plants to generate electricity through biological and chemical processes in the soil.

1. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
SUBMITTED BY:
G.NAWAZ SHERIFF
V.SADHEESH

2. INTRODUCTION
 Energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a
human timescale as
1.Sunlight 2.Wind
3.Rain 4.Tides
5.Waves 6.Geothermal heat , etc
 It replaces conventional fuel in four distinct areas: electricity generation,
hot water, motor fuels and rural energy services.
 At national level 30 nations around the world already have renewable
energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply.
 Based on the 2014 report ,renewable energy provide 21.7 % of electricity
generation in world.
 Most developed nations are depend on non- renewable energy resources
due to the fast & high level production than the renewable energy.
 If we continue the usage of non renewable energy , the future generation
will suffer from the energy crises.
 So let us joint together for saving the energy, by using the renewable
energy resources.

3. 3
INTRODUCTION
Major Renewable Energy Sources
Hydro Energy
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
Plant energy
Biomass Energy
Tidal Energy
Geothermal Energy
Wave Energy
Bio-fuel

4. HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER

5. It is an traditional method of producing the electric energy.
The dam stores lot of water behind it in the reservoir.
Near the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake.
Gravity causes it to fall water through the penstock.
At the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller, which is turned by the
moving water.
The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produce the power

6.  Reservoir
 Dam
 Penstock
 Inlet valve
 Surge tank
 Trash rack
 Turbine
 Shaft
 Generator
 Transmission-
 line

7. WIND POWER

8. 8
• Differential heating of the earth’s surface and
atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air
currents that are affected by the earth’s
rotation and contours of the land and
generates WIND.
• A wind turbine obtains its power input by
converting the force of the wind into a torque
(turning force) acting on the rotor blades.
• The amount of energy which the wind
transfers to the rotor depends on the density
of the air, the rotor area, and the wind speed.
• PLF of Wind Farm is normally in the range of
20 % to 30% depending upon the site
conditions and WTG rating. P  Power
ρ  Air Density (kg/m3)
A  Blade Area -turbine (m2)
V  Wind velocity (m/s)
P = 0.5 X ρ X A X V3

9. 9
• Major Components of Wind Turbine

10. SOLAR ENERGY

11. 11
 Solar power is by far the Earth's most available
energy source, easily capable of providing many
times the total current energy demand.
 Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into
electricity.
 Two main commercial ways of conversion of
sunlight into electricity.
 Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
 Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
 CSP and PV both have their markets. PV is very
successful in decentralized applications, whereas
CSP offers advantages for central and large-scale
applications. CSP power plants are the most cost-
efficient way to generate and to store dispatch
able CO2-free electricity. However, there is no
competition between both. Rather, they have to
be seen as complementary technologies.
 PLF of CSP – In the range of 20 % to 30 %
 PLF of PV – In the range of 15 % to 20 %

12. 12
Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant (CSP)
It contains;
 Collector Field
 Turbine
 Generator
 Cooling Tower
 Transformer
Courtesy: ESP Solar

13. 13
Solar Photovoltaic Plants (PV)
It contains;
 Solar Arrays
 Inverter
 Transformer

14. 14
• In both CSP and PV technologies, solar
resources plays major role.
• Maps are available to calculate solar resource
of a particular region. However, for both CSP
and PV technologies different solar radiations
are taken into account.
• Basically two types of solar radiations are
there;
– Global Horizontal irradiations (GHI)
– Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
• For PV technologies GHI is considered. GHI
consists of diffuse radiations and direct
horizontal radiations (beam).
Minimum GHI – 1000 kwh/m2 pa
• For CSP, DNI is considered. DNI
is the amount of radiation received by
a surface which is permanently aligned
perpendicular to the incoming beam.
Minimum DNI – 1900 kwh/m2 pa

15. PLANT POWER

16. An innovative technology that uses living
plants to generate energy has been launched
in the NETHERLAND
In this plant the break down of organic
matter produced by plant in the soil and
converts it into electricity
 It can be used to charge phones, power
lights this types of external electricity sources
It has launched a range of products for
different growing spaces, including parks,
roofs and roundabouts
In this technology electron fl0w through a
power harvester to the cathode, where
oxygen, protons and electron meets to
produce water
So by easily placing two carbon electrodes
in the soil we can produce living green
electricity

17. PENN ENERGY

18.  It can be done by using
incinerator
 It generally entails burning
waste(residual MSW,
commercial and industrial,
RDF)to boil water which
powers steam generators
that make electric energy
and heat to be used in
homes, business,
institutions and industries
 The pollutant can be
removed by using line
scrubbers and electro static
precipitator and smoke
stacks

19. .
.

20. • .