The document discusses Royal Enfield, an Indian motorcycle company. It provides an overview of Royal Enfield's history and evolution over time. It analyzes how Royal Enfield used technology to modernize its bikes while retaining their vintage identity, which helped the company grow into a global player. The document outlines Royal Enfield's objectives to identify key technology areas, evaluate its technology use, analyze growth competitiveness, and evaluate future strategies.
Royal enfield- Operations, Production, market mix, brand valueAbhimanue Careless
Slide explains about operations management, production procedure, sales estimate, interesting videos (from movies), important terms in academic point of view! customize and edit ur slides accordingly ;)
https://www.facebook.com/abhi4abhimanue
abhimanue.2008@gmail.com
The Research is aimed at the study of Royal Enfield Brand in Indian Markets – So far how they have performed and suggestions for them to grab more market share and be profitable. Every year, they have sold modest numbers but despite low numbers, they continue to command a position of respect and awe in the Indian motorcycle market. The objective of the study was to study the different product lines, marketing strategy and Brand Management of Royal Enfield Bullets in Indian market.
1. Bullet riders are mostly Value-Expressive, with an internal locus of control and a strong sense of independence.
2. The company has been cashing in on the iconic status it has and has done little to reinforce its image amongst an exploding two-wheeler market.
3. The pricing of the motorcycle might also be looked upon as conservative.
Royal Enfield has for a while now targeted the youth market with lure of freedom. However, they have done little to reinforce their position. Maybe advertising campaigns targeted at the Value-expressive customer would enable the brand to reap the benefits of its iconic position in a much more productive way. Also, most users find it imperative for the company to improve its After Sales Service and Spares availability.
Royal enfield- Operations, Production, market mix, brand valueAbhimanue Careless
Slide explains about operations management, production procedure, sales estimate, interesting videos (from movies), important terms in academic point of view! customize and edit ur slides accordingly ;)
https://www.facebook.com/abhi4abhimanue
abhimanue.2008@gmail.com
The Research is aimed at the study of Royal Enfield Brand in Indian Markets – So far how they have performed and suggestions for them to grab more market share and be profitable. Every year, they have sold modest numbers but despite low numbers, they continue to command a position of respect and awe in the Indian motorcycle market. The objective of the study was to study the different product lines, marketing strategy and Brand Management of Royal Enfield Bullets in Indian market.
1. Bullet riders are mostly Value-Expressive, with an internal locus of control and a strong sense of independence.
2. The company has been cashing in on the iconic status it has and has done little to reinforce its image amongst an exploding two-wheeler market.
3. The pricing of the motorcycle might also be looked upon as conservative.
Royal Enfield has for a while now targeted the youth market with lure of freedom. However, they have done little to reinforce their position. Maybe advertising campaigns targeted at the Value-expressive customer would enable the brand to reap the benefits of its iconic position in a much more productive way. Also, most users find it imperative for the company to improve its After Sales Service and Spares availability.
royal Enfield case study and report. over all history of royal Enfield. advertisement strategy of Royal Enfield from 19th century to present. products of Royal Enfield from beginning to present.
it is a Royal Enfield (bullet) project report. and it's used on education propose.
in project report detail about Royal Enfiled ( bullet) motor cycle company.
Royal Enfield- Financial Aspects of Marketingsdusane1
Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is the specialized function directly associated with the top management. The significance of this function is not seen in the 'Line' but also in the capacity of 'Staff' in overall of a company. It has been defined differently by different experts in the field.Royal Enfield was the brand name under which the Enfield Motor Cycle Company (founded 1909) manufactured motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers and stationary engines. The first Royal Enfield motorcycle was built in 1901; the original British concern was defunct by 1970. The Enfield Cycle Company is responsible for the design and original production of the Royal Enfield Bullet, the longest-lived motorcycle design in history.
Royal Enfield: A historical journey of 118 years (1901 to 2018)Somraj Dasgupta
A presentation on the history of Royal Enfield Motorcycles from 1901 to 2018. It also includes a few slides on the Branding and Marketing strategy taken up by the group.
To study the History of the Royal Enfield Co. in detail, please visit their official website.
royal Enfield case study and report. over all history of royal Enfield. advertisement strategy of Royal Enfield from 19th century to present. products of Royal Enfield from beginning to present.
it is a Royal Enfield (bullet) project report. and it's used on education propose.
in project report detail about Royal Enfiled ( bullet) motor cycle company.
Royal Enfield- Financial Aspects of Marketingsdusane1
Financial management refers to the efficient and effective management of money (funds) in such a manner as to accomplish the objectives of the organization. It is the specialized function directly associated with the top management. The significance of this function is not seen in the 'Line' but also in the capacity of 'Staff' in overall of a company. It has been defined differently by different experts in the field.Royal Enfield was the brand name under which the Enfield Motor Cycle Company (founded 1909) manufactured motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers and stationary engines. The first Royal Enfield motorcycle was built in 1901; the original British concern was defunct by 1970. The Enfield Cycle Company is responsible for the design and original production of the Royal Enfield Bullet, the longest-lived motorcycle design in history.
Royal Enfield: A historical journey of 118 years (1901 to 2018)Somraj Dasgupta
A presentation on the history of Royal Enfield Motorcycles from 1901 to 2018. It also includes a few slides on the Branding and Marketing strategy taken up by the group.
To study the History of the Royal Enfield Co. in detail, please visit their official website.
The theory of disruptive innovation has proved to be a powerful way of thinking about innovation-driven growth. Many leaders of small, entrepreneurial companies praise it as their guiding star; so do many executives at large, well-established organizations, including Intel, Southern New Hampshire University, and Salesforce.
But just what is Disruptive Innovation? Which companies are considered to be causing "disruption"?
In this meetup, we will explore the basic tenets of disruptive innovation. Then we will look at some of today's companies and their services and discuss if they are disruptive or not.
Lastly, we will look a bit deeper into the theory and see if what we have learned so far allows us to more accurately predict which businesses will grow.
The purpose of project 3 is to study about the automotive industry in generally. Then the scope will going deeply to reveal what innovation was occur nowadays in this industry. The study will take two major players in this industry. These are Toyota Motor Company and Honda Motor Company. Inside this document also will review about how the largest automotive manufacturer such Toyota Motor Company and Honda Motor Company carries out the management of innovation. Innovation management will discuss about Toyota Production System (TPS), Toyota Way, Seven Principles of Toyota Production System (TPS), Honda’s Philosophy, Fundamental Beliefs and Three Joy. At the end of this document, it wills write-down how the automotive industry will be manage in the future that focus on research & development (R&D).
it is what it is ndfjhvnfmd,xnvjnfdhmv ffmff,nvjnvjhjfnjfnm,vnbbnjnbjfbnfmbnvmnbjknjkgbjnbmvnbllnblkkgfnblkbm,c .vblmlvnbjnbljgnbvmbmvnbmvnbjbjvnbvnblmvnblvnbjkvnbjnvmbnvmnblvbnjvjnblvlnbvvmlbgnjfjghhghgjfdngjfnbjfnbjvnbjnbvnbmlnmbnmnxlnjbjnjnjfnbnvmnbjnbjkknbjvnjkbnxvvnb,mvnbmnbjgnbvjnbnvjnbvmnbmvnbmvbnvbnlvnkbknknlknblknlnbnlknlknknkl mlvm lkvmkmblknblnblnbvnblvnbvnlbnvknbvnblvnbnl
HONDA is a Japanese multinational company.
World’s largest manufacturer since 1950s.
HONDA CIVIC won ‘CAR OF THE YEAR AWARD’ in 2006 and in 2016.
HONDA manufactures vehicles for land, sea and air.
It makes robots as well as wind turbines.
HONDA ACCORD won ‘CAR OF THE YEAR’ in 2018.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
2. The oldest motorcycle company continuously in production. Royal Enfield is fast
becoming a very important player in the global mid-size motorcycle market and is
working towards re-inventing this space with motorcycles that are evocative and
engaging and great fun to ride.
To Understand how technology made an automobile firm to capture a
niche market, where market is filled with 'commodity' bikes and turned it
into a global market player
How Royal Enfield modernized the bikes without taking away their unique identity
and made the products more reliable. How they used modern technology without
changing the vintage look and also how they improved management practices.
There have been several instances of technological changes with an emphasis on
customer orientations.
How it expanded into different regions and markets and adopted its practices to
sell its motorcycles and what was the result with its sales. How the technology
practices were observed and modified accordingly
Motivation behind the Project
3. Objectives of the Project
Identify key areas
where Royal Enfield
used technology to
become the fastest
growing motorcycle
company in the
world.
Evaluate the level of
technology use by
the company and
benchmark it
against its
competitors.
Analyze the growth
of the company
with respect to
competitiveness in
the global scale.
Evaluate the
strategies that the
company can
implement in the
future to grow and
improve its
profitability
Completely analyze
the company and
the role technology
had played in its
significant
improvement in the
past.
4. Key SMOT Questions
• Enfield risked losing traditional fans without possibly gaining any
new customers
• How Royal Enfield managed to retain old customers while
acquiring new customers?
• How technical changes played its role in making the bikes more
reliable?
• How proper management of technology can ensure a better
satisfaction of customers?
• How, in future, can Royal Enfield leverage technology in addressing
its new set of problems?
5. Needs more research Focus – Reliability and better fuel efficiency
Strategy will be the key – Market share, profitability & category
substitution. Stay profitable, stay niche, aspirer’s on board.
Infrastructure development and better roads will also be the key in India.
Can have own forum for bike enthusiasts like its competitors.
Two new engine platforms on which multiple new products could be
launched. Churn out multiple models for at least next decade.
Critical Success factors
1
2
3
4
6. 1893
Birth
of
Royal
Enfield
1899
Provides Die
Dion Engines 1901
First Royal
Enfield
Motorized
Cycle
Engine in
the frame Model 160
and chain
driving
Model 200,
225cc 2
stroke
976cc V-
Twin
Wolsely
4 stroke,
350 cc 1928
Saddle Tank
centerspring Gerder
Front Forks
Evolution of
Royal Enfield
through
years
7. 1949
350 CC
introduced in
India
1957
250 CC
crusader
Model, 13 bhp
24 bhp, 500cc
Model
Launched
350cc all-
aluminum lean-
burn bullet A350
Electra X, 500cc all
alloy lean burn
engine
500cc UCE, Classic
Model launched
Thunderbird
Café Racer
Evolution of
Royal Enfield
through
years
8. • The Sales of Royal Enfield has been consistently
increasing since 2006 with introduction of new
models. A spike in 2009 is because of its introduction
of the Classic Model, a true result of technology
• Although, it holds a 16% premium market share, it is
behind Bajaj and needs good management of
technology
Market Share and Sales
Insights
9. Innovation
Technology Advancement
• Many new technologies being
introduced to improve the
performance such as Maintenance
free VRLA battery, double heat
treatment process, Robot welding,
torque controlled clip for hose
clamping, SS metal guard
Product Development
• New product development in the
250-750 cc category
• New model launch every year till
2018
• Engine platforms released every year
which is in line with the current
industry benchmarks in terms of
technology
Customer Experience
• Offered unique customer experience
through marquee rides
• Positioned as a cult brand and
generated publicity by having rides in
scenic places and popularizing the
concept of adventure biking
Distribution & production
• Increased the dealership network by
100 to 400 in 2014
• Increased capacity from current
20,000 units per month to 30,000
units per month to meet the surge in
demand both locally and globally
• To increase capacity to 50,000
10. • Core Competency:
Lifestyle biking with
attention to vintage
military styling and
cultivating a biking
community
• New products design to
target Cruiser segment
and introducing Café
Racer in 500 cc range
• Innovation in Unit
Construction Engine
design with adherence to
Classical biking design
along
• Competing in European
and American markets in
premium cruiser bike
range segment
• Brand and Perception of
premium segment
• Core Competency:
Technology – DTSi and
DTSFi
• Product Innovation
such as LED technology,
Braking and Display
Screen and Exhaustec
• Occupying the 3
wheeler auto segment
• Competing in wide
product range from
Economy to Premium
bike segment
• Presence in worldwide
market 2 and 3-
wheeler segment
Royal Enfield Motors Bajaj Motors
• Human Resources
and Capital
• Trust in brand,
technical know-how,
managerial
capabilities and
company culture
• Innovation resources
from suppliers and
work force
• Brand name,
reputation and
product perception
Harley Davidson
Technology Benchmarking
11. Domestic Benchmarking
Market share of different segments
Royal Enfield competes in the Premium 2-wheeler
segment. The opportunity for growth is highest in this
segment especially in the Indian market where the aspiring
young middle class has taken up more of adventure biking
and the Royal Enfield embodies the Indian youth’s thirst for
adventure and hence has become a cult brand in India and
increasingly across the globe
13. Increased
focus on R&D
Emergence of
Cult Brand
Increasing
Profits
Ramping up
production
Increased
exports
Largest
premium bike
manufacture
Reduced raw
material cost
Investment to the
tune of 500 crores to
increase production
Demand surge
across the globe
Aspirational
middle class in
India
Marketing by RE
as a cult brand
Fastest growing
motorcycle brand in the
world
Positioned as a “dream bike”
for Indian consumers akin to
Harley Davidson in US
Global competitors
have high R&D spend
To remain competitive RE
increased their R&D spend
Invest in infrastructure
and talent to improve
R&D facilities
Will produce 50,000
units per month in
the near future
Incentives from the
government to
increase exports
Higher margins from
the global markets
Better brand image in
the global markets
Cost effective when compared
to Harley Davidson
Dominant player in Indian
market which is the fastest
growing in the world
Improved
manufacturing
process
14. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
• Bajaj alleged Royal Enfield has infringed its DTSi patent
• Royal Enfield contended its Thunderbird-350 model does not infringe
Bajaj Auto’s patent
• It is also alleged that Royal Enfield has infringed the twin spark
ignition being used in the Unit Construction Engine
• The defense of RE is that Bajaj has the patent for 75cc to 250cc
segment whereas the RE engine is in the 350cc and above segment
15. • Currently, selling in India & exports to
developed markets
• Should export to emerging markets
• Mid-range price customer segments
• High “Sport” bikes’ enthusiastic people
• Royal Enfield ‘Cult’ fans
• Motorcycling aficionados, adventure riders,
college-goers
Four Steps:
1. Aiming at emerging as a significant player in the
250-750 cc segment
2. To make inroads in the mid-weight space
3. To grow the size of the mid-weight segment
4. To emerge as a significant player in the entire
motorcycle market
• Highest selling bike so far
• 56.4% YoY growth rate
• Release new models very often
• Enter early in emerging markets –
South Asia
• Focus on Columbia & Latin America
markets
• Increase of expense in R&D
• New innovations
• More frequent models
• Maintaining cult brand
• Being customer centric
• Increase sales, profitability
• Introducing lighter, efficient engines
going forward
Strategy Diamond map
• Technology & availability of spares
• Vintage feel with modern touch
• Ride quality
• Chassis design of tank
• UCE (Unit Construction Engine)
• 350-500cc cruiser bikes
• High price
• Aluminum alloy
16. Key Takeaways
Royal Enfield
• Committing itself to challenging old ways
• Reducing growing waiting periods for bikes
• Evolving into a brand that caters to a wider, younger audience
• Upgraded its technology without hurting customer sentiments
• Replaced older engines that had reliability issues with new, more advanced units
• Maintaining its cult brand no matter what
• Playing well in its niche market being a leader in share & profits
• Plans to release new models with technological innovations very often soon
17. Way Forward
• Should focus to increase its sales
• As market is niche in India, it can focus on increasing its exports
• Can very well enter into new markets- Latin America, South-East Asia, Columbia
• Understand global markets & the customers perceptions
• Increase quality of bikes in US markets along with warranty period
• Use lighter alloys like Aluminum
• Maintain look-feel and target more profits than just sales
• Release more models periodically