This sculpture depicts Pan, the Greek god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature, and fertility. The sculpture was made by Marcus Cossutius Cerdo, a Greek artist living in Rome in the late 1st century BC. Cerdo signed both marble sculptures of Pan, who is shown as a youth with newly sprouting horns. Pan holds a jug and cup symbolizing his connection to Bacchus, the god of wine. The sculptures were originally part of a private collection in Rome before being purchased together by Sir Charles Townley in 1774.

1. Thissculpturewasprobably made
for aprivatebuyer asthecontent is
explicit
• Roman, about 45-25 BC
From avillaat MonteCagnolo, near
Rome, Italy
• Madeby aRoman citizen of Greek
origin?
• Thetwo statues, onein Proconnesian
marblefrom theAegean, theother in
Italian Carraramarble, form a
matching pair showing ayouthful
Pan, hishornsjust beginning to
sprout. Pan, adeity associated not
only with thecountryside, but also
with sexuality and fertility, holdsa
juglet and cup, emphasizing hislinks
with Bacchus, god of wine. On the
treestump of both statues, thename
of theartist MarcusCossutiusCerdo
isinscribed in Greek characters. Sir
CharlesTownley bought thestatues
in 1774 for £100 each.
• Thestyleof thesculpturessuggests
they weremadeby Cerdo in thelater
first century BC, at atimewhen
largenumbersof foreign artisans
werecoming to Italy to satisfy the
enormousdemand for all typesof
worksof art. Cerdo'ssignature
suggestshewasof Greek origin, yet
interestingly hehasthethreenames
(tria no mina) which denoteaRoman
citizen. Hewas, perhaps, afreedman
(libertus), an ex-slavewho bought or
earned hisfreedom from hisowner.

2. These dogs were found
with another similar pair
near Civita Lavinia. The
appropriateness of the
name was not lost on
Hamilton, who also found
other marble dogs there, a
sphinx with dog's body and
two statues of Actaeon
attacked by hounds. It was
once thought that the site
of the find was to be
identified with the ruins of
a palace of the Roman
emperor Antoninus Pius
(reigned AD 138-161).
This is no longer accepted,
and the sculpture cannot
therefore be firmly dated,
as previously thought, to
his reign.
Roman,
possibly 2nd
century AD
Found near
Civita
Lavinia
(modern
Lanuvio),
Lazio, Italy
Marblegroup of
abitch
caressing a
dog asshe
nibbleshis
ear

3. Romans believed that an accurate sculpture of a person would allow
them to rest in peace if they were dead and had the power
to protect them if they were alive.
• The person who
made this must have
believed that Julius
Caesar who protect
him and let him rest
in peace
The structure of the
sculpture is very
detailed and has
includes all the flaws
Caesar has
This is a sculpture of
Julius Caesar
This sculpture represents
Julius Caesars power and
the fact he is in control

4. Evidence
• http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr
/m/marble_statues_of_pan.aspx
• http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/m/ma
• Photo of caesar - http://www.romanemperors.com/images/julius-caesar/8-
bust-sculpture.jpg