1) BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes whose mutations significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Testing for BRCA mutations can help determine appropriate cancer screening and prevention strategies. 2) The HER2 receptor promotes cancer cell growth in around 20-30% of breast cancers. Drugs like trastuzumab, pertuzumab, lapatinib, and T-DM1 target HER2 and have improved outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer. 3) Newer agents for breast cancer treatment include CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, everolimus, neratinib and immunotherapies which are being used alone or in combination with other drugs for