What's the latest in breast cancer treatment and research? Erica Mayer, MD, MPH, a medical oncologist in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, shares the latest breast cancer news.
This presentation was originally given on Oct. 16, 2015, at the annual Young Women with Breast Cancer Forum, hosted by the Program for Young Women with Breast Cancer in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Mass.
Learn more: http://www.susanfsmith.org
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy For Postmenopausal Breast CancerEmad Shash
Questions Covered in the presentation:
• Should patients receive an AI or Tamoxifen?
• Should patients receive monotherapy (AI or Tamoxifen alone) or sequential
therapy using both?
• 5 vs 10 years of therapy?
• If More than 5 years of endocrine therapy, which class to be used
Opportunities for Immune Therapy and Preventionbkling
Dr. Margaret Gatti-Mays of the National Cancer Institute, a Staff Clinician of Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology and the Co-Director of the Clinical Trial Group, explores the future of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.
What are the latest treatment advances for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer? Eric Winer, MD, director of the Breast Cancer Program in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, discusses some of the latest research and treatment options.
This presentation was originally given as part of the 2015 Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, held on October 17 at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass.
For more information, visit www.susanfsmith.org
Immunotherapy for Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancerbkling
Sylvia Adams, MD, medical oncologist, and associate professor at the NYU School of Medicine, discusses the latest research including the role of immunology in the treatment of triple negative metastatic breast cancer. This webinar was hosted on October 19, 2016.
How can immunotherapy be used to treat metastatic breast cancer? Ian Krop, MD, PhD, discusses the latest research and treatment options.
This presentation was originally given as part of the 2015 Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, held on October 17 and hosted by the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass.
For more information, visit www.susanfsmith.org
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy For Postmenopausal Breast CancerEmad Shash
Questions Covered in the presentation:
• Should patients receive an AI or Tamoxifen?
• Should patients receive monotherapy (AI or Tamoxifen alone) or sequential
therapy using both?
• 5 vs 10 years of therapy?
• If More than 5 years of endocrine therapy, which class to be used
Opportunities for Immune Therapy and Preventionbkling
Dr. Margaret Gatti-Mays of the National Cancer Institute, a Staff Clinician of Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology and the Co-Director of the Clinical Trial Group, explores the future of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment.
What are the latest treatment advances for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer? Eric Winer, MD, director of the Breast Cancer Program in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, discusses some of the latest research and treatment options.
This presentation was originally given as part of the 2015 Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, held on October 17 at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass.
For more information, visit www.susanfsmith.org
Immunotherapy for Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancerbkling
Sylvia Adams, MD, medical oncologist, and associate professor at the NYU School of Medicine, discusses the latest research including the role of immunology in the treatment of triple negative metastatic breast cancer. This webinar was hosted on October 19, 2016.
How can immunotherapy be used to treat metastatic breast cancer? Ian Krop, MD, PhD, discusses the latest research and treatment options.
This presentation was originally given as part of the 2015 Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, held on October 17 and hosted by the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Mass.
For more information, visit www.susanfsmith.org
Pathology and Oncology Expert Perspectives in the Management of Triple-Negati...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck, presented by Dr. Ira Bleiweiss, Chief of Breast Pathology at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Sara Tolaney, Chief of the Division of Breast Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, will feature expert pathology and oncology perspectives on the management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), including case explorations and insights into frequently asked questions. Register today to hear these expert perspectives!
Statement of Need
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that accounts for approximately 10% to 15% of breast cancer diagnoses and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC is more common in Black women and in women under the age of 40 (ACS, 2023). Compared with other subtypes of invasive breast cancer, TNBC has high rates of metastasis and a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of hormone and receptor targets, therapeutic options are limited, and prognostication and treatment selection are complicated by the heterogeneity of the disease (Yang et al, 2022). In this live webinar, Dr. Sara Tolaney, Chief of the Division of Breast Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Dr. Ira Bleiweiss, Chief of Breast Pathology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, will provide expert oncology and pathology perspectives on evidence-based strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and adverse event management for patients with TNBC.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, oncology nurses, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to:
Evaluate receptor and expression status for prognostication and treatment selection in TNBC
Differentiate the pathological characteristics of the various types of TNBC
Select optimal therapy for TNBC based on shared goals, biomarker testing, and clinical data on novel therapies
Discuss strategies for timely recognition and mitigation of adverse events associated with novel TNBC therapies
An overview of Clinical Trials for Metastatic HER2-positive Breast Cancer by Dr. Ian Krop, MD, PhD, Chief and Clinical Research Director, Breast Oncology Center at Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are the most active and interesting therapies approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. They have changed the clinical management of a disease characterized, in almost half of cases, by extreme genetic complexity and alteration of DNA damage repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. It is causing a paradigm shift in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
This downloadable slidedeck, presented in a regional grand rounds series, focuses on increasing awareness about current and emerging treatment options for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent ovarian cancer.
Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC):
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
Learn about the latest research and treatment for ER+ breast cancer. Erica Mayer, MD, MPH, medical oncologist with the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, discusses new clinical trials and treatment options for this subset of breast cancer patient.
This presentation was originally given on Oct. 17, 2015, at the Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, hosted by the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Mass.
Learn more: http://www.susanfsmith.org
Pathology and Oncology Expert Perspectives in the Management of Triple-Negati...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck, presented by Dr. Ira Bleiweiss, Chief of Breast Pathology at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Sara Tolaney, Chief of the Division of Breast Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, will feature expert pathology and oncology perspectives on the management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), including case explorations and insights into frequently asked questions. Register today to hear these expert perspectives!
Statement of Need
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that accounts for approximately 10% to 15% of breast cancer diagnoses and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC is more common in Black women and in women under the age of 40 (ACS, 2023). Compared with other subtypes of invasive breast cancer, TNBC has high rates of metastasis and a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of hormone and receptor targets, therapeutic options are limited, and prognostication and treatment selection are complicated by the heterogeneity of the disease (Yang et al, 2022). In this live webinar, Dr. Sara Tolaney, Chief of the Division of Breast Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Dr. Ira Bleiweiss, Chief of Breast Pathology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, will provide expert oncology and pathology perspectives on evidence-based strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and adverse event management for patients with TNBC.
TARGET AUDIENCE
Medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, oncology nurses, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to:
Evaluate receptor and expression status for prognostication and treatment selection in TNBC
Differentiate the pathological characteristics of the various types of TNBC
Select optimal therapy for TNBC based on shared goals, biomarker testing, and clinical data on novel therapies
Discuss strategies for timely recognition and mitigation of adverse events associated with novel TNBC therapies
An overview of Clinical Trials for Metastatic HER2-positive Breast Cancer by Dr. Ian Krop, MD, PhD, Chief and Clinical Research Director, Breast Oncology Center at Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are the most active and interesting therapies approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. They have changed the clinical management of a disease characterized, in almost half of cases, by extreme genetic complexity and alteration of DNA damage repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. It is causing a paradigm shift in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
This downloadable slidedeck, presented in a regional grand rounds series, focuses on increasing awareness about current and emerging treatment options for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent ovarian cancer.
Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC):
Dr. Jennifer Mueller, gynecologic cancer surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, will share research updates on uterine/endometrial cancer and other new developments in treatment and surgery.
Learn about the latest research and treatment for ER+ breast cancer. Erica Mayer, MD, MPH, medical oncologist with the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, discusses new clinical trials and treatment options for this subset of breast cancer patient.
This presentation was originally given on Oct. 17, 2015, at the Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum, hosted by the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, in Boston, Mass.
Learn more: http://www.susanfsmith.org
A review of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia with an update on all aspects of breast cancer management including Diagnosis, Family History, Surgery (& Reconstructive Surgery), Sentinel Node Biopsy and Adjuvant Chemo, Radio and Hormone Therapy.
Patients with ER+ breast cancer have many treatment options, and a better understanding of mechanisms of resistance to therapy is leading to new treatments.
Audio and slides for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/ozNSEND5PbE
Erica Mayer, MD, MPH, of the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, discusses triple-negative breast cancer and what makes it different from other forms of breast cancer. Mayer also talks about treatment options for triple-negative breast cancer and what you need to know about clinical trials for the disease.
What’s the Latest in Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer?bkling
The understanding of clear cell ovarian cancer is evolving. If you’re diagnosed with clear cell ovarian cancer and eager for information specific to your subtype, we’ve got you covered! Join Dr. Jubilee Brown, Professor and Director of Gynecologic Oncology at Levine Cancer Institute, as she discusses current treatment options and any promising advances. Come with your questions and leave more informed about your subtype.
Dr. Olwen Hahn, medical oncologist at the University of Chicago Department of Medicine, discusses recent developments in MBC research and treatment. Joining her is Dionna Koval, a metastatic breast cancer patient advocate.
Slides and audio for this presentation are available on YouTube: http://youtu.be/NJ0HTrH-uog
Nancy Lin, MD, of the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, talks about the differences between various types of breast cancer, and the new therapies that are being developed to treat the disease. This presentation was originally given at the Metastatic Breast Cancer Forum held at Dana-Farber on Oct. 5, 2013. The program was sponsored by EMBRACE (Ending Metastatic Breast Cancer for Everyone).
Overview of clinical trials for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer by Sara M. Tolaney, MD, MPH, Associate Director and Associate Director of Clinical Research at Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
Analyzing ASCO 2016: Developments, takeaways, and implications from the confe...Pharma Intelligence
In conjunction with a Key Opinion Leader, Dr. Peter Lee MD Chair, Department of Immuno-Oncology at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, several Informa analysts discuss the major developments of the conference and key take-aways via a Webinar.
Watch our recording of Biomedtracker's Robert Jeng, Ph,D., Citeline's Allison Bruce, Scrip's Mary Jo Laffler, and Datamonitor Healthcare's Zachary McLellan as they download and debrief following the always-exciting ASCO weekend.
View and listen to the full webinar here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yMsCb3R5X8
Breast Cancer Treatment: Where we are, Where we're going - April 24th, 2018Summit Health
Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center Lecture Series. A lecture and panel discussion format about the latest advances in surgery and innovative therapies for breast cancer presented by Summit Medical Group MD Anderson Cancer Center Specialists Dr. Lisa Mills, Dr. David Schreiber and Dr. Winnie Polen.
There are striking disparities in survival between black and white patients. Dr. Christine Ambrosone and Dr. Song Yao have led a team that has done extensive research to understand the causes of more aggressive cancer in black women. Results from their research may open the door to treatment intervention that could help eliminate these disparities, and the doctors will go over their research and discuss how we can work towards the elimination of racial gaps in breast cancer survival.
Similar to What's Hot in Breast Cancer Treatment (20)
Commonly thought of as a childhood cancer, leukemia is actually much more common in adults. While symptoms of the disease are consistent among each, researchers are beginning to understand more about underlying biological factors that influence the different ways leukemia develops in children and adults. What are other differences and similarities?
Research increasingly shows that “energy balance” is important in breast cancer. Learn why exercise, weight, and diet are important for breast cancer patients.
Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer forms in the tissues of the prostate, a male gland just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is rare in men younger than 50 years of age, and the chance of developing prostate cancer increases as men get older. In the United States, a man has a one in five chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime.
There are many different pediatric brain tumor types and classifications based upon the tumor’s cell structure, composition, rate of growth, location, and other characteristics. A child’s tumor may have the same microscopic appearance to an adult tumor, but the mutations that cause its growth are completely different.
Soft tissue sarcoma refers to cancer that begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. View the slideshow to learn more about signs and symptoms of this cancer, as well as risk factors.
Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common problems patients face. Patients often report feeling wiped out during cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, and for many, feeling tired or worn out continues into life after cancer treatment.
Here are 10 tips for alleviating treatment-related fatigue, through methods such as energy preservation and exercise – the latter of which is now known to be an effective strategy for combating this prevalent side effect.
There are more than 120 different types of brain tumors that may occur in adults. Learn about the five most common types.
For more on brain tumors, visit www.dana-farber.org/braintumor
Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that begins in plasma cells, white blood cells that produce antibodies. It is also called Kahler's disease, myelomatosis or plasma cell myeloma.
Integrative therapies range from individual treatments, such as acupuncture, massage, and Reiki, to group programs for movement, meditation, and creative arts, as well as exercise and nutritional consultations.
Research conducted by Dana-Farber investigators and others has shown that, when used in conjunction with traditional cancer care, integrative therapies can help ease cancer-related symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. What’s Hot in Breast Cancer
Treatment
Erica L. Mayer MD MPH
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
2. Invasive Breast Cancer Subsets
Defined by IHC
All Breast Cancers
Triple
negative
15%
Burstein, Goldhirsch. St Gallen 2007.
ER+
65%-75%
HER2+
15%-20%
2
3. Breast Cancer is Not Just One Disease
At least 4 major subtypes:
Luminal A
Luminal B
HER2-positive
Basal
ER+
HER2-
ER-
PR-
HER2-
4. What does all this complexity mean?
•There is likely not going
to be a single “cure for cancer”
•Different cancers may have
different strengths & weaknesses
•Figuring this out won’t be easy!
“half empty”
5. What does all this complexity mean?
•There is likely not going
to be a single “cure for cancer”
•Different cancers may have
different strengths & weaknesses
•Figuring this out won’t be easy!
“half empty” “half full”
•The opportunity to individualize
therapy—one size doesn’t fill all
•We may be able take advantage
of specific weaknesses and
knock out specific strengths
•It should be possible!
6. What’s Hot for ER+ Breast Cancer?
Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK 4/6) inhibition
• A classic feature of breast cancer is
uncontrolled growth
• In ER+ breast cancer, out-of-control
growth may be due to a failure in the
braking system: overactive CDK4/6
7. What’s Hot for ER+ Breast Cancer?
CDK 4/6 inhibition
• CDK 4/6 Inhibition:
– puts the brakes on cell growth
– pushes cancer cells towards cell death
8. Palbociclib (Ibrance)
• Palbociclib: oral inhibitor of CDK 4/6
• Taken daily, 3 weeks on, 1 week off
• Most common toxicities: low white
blood cell count (but no infections),
fatigue, mild hair thinning
9. PALOMA-1 Trial: Schema
• First randomized trial of palbociclib in breast cancer (phase II)
• Women with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer were
randomized to first-line therapy with letrozole alone, or
letrozole + palbociclib
Letrozole
Palbociclib
+
Letrozole
• Metastatic breast cancer
• ER+/HER2-
• First line
10. PALOMA-1 Trial: Results
• Women taking the 2 medications had substantially better
disease control that those taking the 1 medication
• The combination arm was well tolerated
11. PALOMA-3 Study Design
• Larger trial in women whose cancer previously
showed resistance to endocrine therapy
(Phase III)
• Placebo controlled
Placebo
+
Fulvestrant
Palbociclib
+
Fulvestrant• Metastatic breast cancer
• ER+/HER2-
• Tumor has shown
resistance to endocrine
therapy
12. PALOMA-3 Results
• Combination arm again did substantially better
than fulvestrant and placebo
• Toxicity profile very similar to PALOMA-1
• Validates activity of palbociclib seen in PALOMA-1
• No new toxicity signals with the drug
• Await results of PALOMA-2: similar to PALOMA-1
but a larger trial
14. IF IT WORKS IN ADVANCED DISEASE,
WILL IN WORK EARLIER ON TO PREVENT
METASTATIC BREAST CANCER?
15. PALLAS: Phase III Randomized Trial of Adjuvant
Endocrine Therapy +/- Palbociclib
Patient Population
•N = 4600
•HR+ and HER2-
• Stage II or III
Arm A
Palbociclib (2 yrs)
+
Endocrine Treatment
(5+ yrs)
Arm B
Endocrine treatment
(5+ yrs)
R
A
N
D
O
M
I
Z
E
1:1 Survival/Disease Follow-up
Arm A: palbociclib at a dose of 125 mg once daily, Day 1-21 in a 28-day cycle for total
duration of 2 years, in addition to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy
Arm B: standard adjuvant endocrine therapy (AI, tamoxifen)
Opening 11/2015….
17. The HER2 Timeline
1981 neu described as a transforming oncogene in rat brain tumor
carcinogenesis model
1985 a) neu is homologous to the v-erb B viral oncogene
b) “EGFR-like” gene amplified in a human breast cancer cell line – named
“HER2”
1986 HER2 found to have tyrosine kinase activity similar to EGFR
1987 HER2 amplification correlated with poor OS in human breast cancer
1989 Discovery of HER3
1993 Discovery of HER4
1998 FDA approval of trastuzumab
2007 FDA approval of lapatinib
2012 FDA approval of pertuzumab
2013 FDA approval of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)
18. Pertuzumab (Perjeta)
• Dual targeting of the HER2 receptor
– prevents growth stimulation of cancer cell
– promotes cancer cell destruction
Herceptin
Pertuzumab
HER2 receptor
19. CLEOPATRA:
Phase III Trial of Docetaxel + Trastuzumab vs Docetaxel +
Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab
1:1HER2-positive
Advanced
Breast Cancer
Docetaxel + trastuzumab
+ placebo
Docetaxel + trastuzumab
+ pertuzumab
N=808
20. Results from CLEOPATRA
• Women receiving chemotherapy with both
herceptin and pertuzumab had
– Longer period of disease control
– Longer survival
• Overall very well tolerated
• Quickly “THP” has become a new standard of
care for advanced HER2+ breast cancer
21. Can we Offer Pertuzumab Before
Cancer is Advanced?
• “NeoSPHERE” study added pertuzumab to
chemotherapy and herceptin before breast
surgery
• Patients receiving the 3 drugs had a doubling in
“pathologic complete response” – complete
eradication of cancer from breast and nodes at
time of surgery
• FDA approved “THP” in 9/2013 in preoperative
setting
23. T-DM1 selectively delivers DM1 to
HER2-positive tumor cells
Receptor-T-DM1 complex is
internalized into HER2-positive
cancer cell
Potent antimicrotubule
agent is released once inside
the HER2-positive
tumor cell
T-DM1 binds to the HER2 protein
on cancer cells
HER2
24. EMILIA Study Design
HER2+ Advanced
breast cancer
Prior treatment with
chemotherapy and
herceptin
T-DM1
Capecitabine (Xeloda)
+
Lapatinib (Tyberk, oral HER2)
25. Results of EMILIA
• Patients receiving TDM1 had better cancer
control and lived longer than those receiving the
other arm
• TDM1 contributed SIGNIFICANTLY fewer side
effects than the chemotherapy containing arm.
• FDA approved for treatment of advanced breast
cancer in February 2013
26. Will there be a role for TDM1 earlier in therapy?
ATEMPT Trial
Stage I
HER2+
500 patients
Trastuzumab-DM1 q3weeks X17
Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab x12
Trastuzumab q3weeks x13
N=375
N=125
R
3
1
PI: Sara Tolaney, MD, MPH
28. PARP Inhibitors: Mechanism
• If BRCA1/2 is not working, the cell
depends on PARP for all DNA repair
• PARP inhibitors prevent DNA repair
in cancer cells
– May increase cancer cell death
– May help chemo and radiation work
better
• PARP and BRCA1/2 function
to repair daily DNA damage
• Too much DNA damage-> cell
death
Ellisen, Cancer Cell 2011; Tutt et al, Lancet 2010
29. Phase II trial of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in BRCA-
deficient advanced breast cancer
Study design:
- To assess efficacy/tolerability of olaparib in BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers
- Phase II single arm sequential cohort multicenter trial
Confirmed BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation
Advanced refractory breast cancer
(stage IIIB/IIIC/IV) after failure of ≥1 prior chemotherapy for
advanced disease (med prior regimens = 3)
Olaparib 400 mg po bid
28-day cycles; 27 patients
Cohort 1 (enrolled first)
Olaparib 100 mg po bid
28-day cycles; 27 patients
Cohort 2
Tutt et al, ASCO 2009
30. Objective tumor response rate (RECIST)
Overall Response Rate, n (%)
Complete Response, n (%)
Partial Response, n (%)
11 (41)*
1 (4)
10 (37)
Olaparib
400 mg bid
(n=27)ITT cohort
Adverse Events:
Fatigue grade 1 or 2, 56% grade 3, 15%
Nausea grade 1 or 2, 26%, grade 3 11%
ASCO 2009; #suppl. CRA501
• Median of 3 prior lines of chemotherapy.
Substantial activity with
biologic monotherapy in a
heavily pretreated
BRCA1/2 population!
31. Single Agent PARP Inhibition:
Ongoing Trials evaluating Chemotherapy vs PARPi in Patients
with BRCA Mutations
gBRCA1/BRCA2
Carriers
Advanced
anthracycline+taxane
resistant breast cancer
PARP inhibitor
Physician Choice
chemotherapy
R
Olaparib – OLYMPIAD – NCT02000622
Niraparib – BRAVO – NCT01905592
BMN673 – EMBRACA – NCT01945775
32.
33.
34.
35.
36. Immunotherapy in Cancer
• First generation (anti-CTLA4)
– Ipilumumab: approved for melanoma
• Second generation (anti-PD1 or PDL1)
– Nivolumab: approved for melanoma, lung cancer
– Pembrolizumab: approved for melanoma
What about breast cancer?
37. Early PD1/PDL1 Experience in Breast Cancer
• Immune cells often found infiltrating triple negative breast cancer –
potentially indicates candidacy for immune therapy!
• Two Phase 1 trials completed in patients with advanced triple
negative breast cancer
– More response seen than expected with chemotherapy
– Will tolerated
• Phase 2 and 3 trials opening now
• Many questions need to be figured out:
– Is immunotherapy for everyone or can we find tumor markers that predict
who will get more benefit?
– Do we need to test tumor for PDL1
– Will immunotherapy have benefit in other types of breast cancer, ie HR+,
HER2+?
39. THE PRECISION MEDICINE INITIATIVE
“Doctors have always recognized that every patient is unique, and doctors have always tried to
tailor their treatments as best they can to individuals. You can match a blood transfusion to a blood
type — that was an important discovery. What if matching a cancer cure to our genetic code was
just as easy, just as standard? What if figuring out the right dose of medicine was as simple as
taking our temperature?” - President Obama, January 30, 2015
40.
41. Obtain tumor
biopsy material
Extract DNA/RNA from
tumor to profile for
somatic alterations
The Path to Precision Cancer Medicine
MacConaill and Garraway, JCO, 2010
42. Designed to obtain genomic information on all patients who
come to DFCI / BWH / BCH for cancer-related care
Goals:
• Collect genomic information on all patients who have cancer, are
presumed to have cancer, or are at risk for developing cancer
• Return clinically relevant results to providers
• Store results in searchable database
• Enable linkage of specimen results to clinical database
PROFILE: Towards Precision Cancer Medicine
Since August 2011, >30,000 patients have
consented (75%) and >8,000 tests have been performed
45. Clinical Breast Cancer Cancer Genomics
• To date, genomic studies in breast cancer have
highlighted the landscape of genomic alterations in
breast cancer overall
• Now, we have developed clinically-focused studies to
help us understand:
– The genetics of specific types of breast cancer
– Why breast cancers behave in different ways
– How breast cancers develop resistance to therapies
– Why some breast cancers are exquisitely sensitive to some
therapies
46. How Can We Do Better?
Participate in Trials!
• “One reason I chose to participate in a clinical trial
was to help women with triple-negative breast
cancer. It is thanks to women who have enrolled in
clinical trials that we have the treatments that give
us hope.”
– Natalia (LBBC, Guide to Understanding TNBC)
47. How Can We Do Better?
Participate in Trials!
• Clinical trials exist for patients at any step of their breast cancer
journey; trials are a part of the continuum of care
• There are benefits to being on a trial!
– a larger treatment team
– possible exposure to cutting edge new medications
– helping other patients with breast cancer
• None of the advances in breast cancer could have happened without
patients volunteering to be in trials!
48. What are clinical trial phases?
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps (phases) - each phase is designed to
answer a separate research question.
• Phase I: Testing a new treatment in a small group of people to evaluate safety, dose, and
side effects.
• Phase II: Evaluating within a larger group the efficacy and safety of a new treatment
• Phase III: A comparison study in a large group to determine if a new treatment works better
than standard therapy. These trials typically involve randomization and may have a placebo;
the data from a phase 3 trial can be used for FDA drug approval.
FDA approval
49. How Do I Enter a Trial?
• Your provider will discuss with you trials of interest, review
rationale, as well as risks and benefits
• A research RN will review a consent form with you, which
describes the structure and details of the trial
• After a consent is signed, there is a “screening” period to
determine if you are eligible
• When eligibility is confirmed, then you register and can begin
trial therapy
50. Clinical Trials: FAQs
• If I consent to a trial, do I have to stay on it?
– You can leave a trial at any time if either you or your provider thinks being on the
trial is no longer in your best interest
• Will I have to pay more to be on a trial?
– All normal procedures are billed to insurance; anything beyond normal care is paid
for by the trial. There should be no “upcharge” for being in a trial
• Is being on a trial busy?
– Each trial is different and has a different schedule
• Will I know what medicine I am getting? I don’t want a placebo.
– In most trials, both patient and provider know exactly what treatment is being
given.
– Some larger trials use randomization and placebos, and in some cases neither
patient nor provider know identity of study drug.
– But in almost every trial with placebo, at minimum a patient receives best standard
of care.
51. How to learn about trials?
Or ask your provider…
52. Conclusions
• Incredibly exciting work going on in breast
cancer research
– New targets
– Advances for all subtypes
– Moving away from chemotherapy
– Learning a tremendous amount from each biopsy
• Future progress depends on.....Making every
woman count!