Even though the concept of organic farming is relatively new in India, it is extremely important to adapt to this method as soon as possible. This is because, in the current situation where the fertility of the soil and the productivity levels both have gone down to a great extent, due to the use of chemical fertilizers, the use of such biofertilizers and processes of organic farming has shown very promising results, in combatting all these.
Bio-fertilizers are being essential component of organic farming are the preparations containing live or latent cells of efficient strains of nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing or cellulolytic micro-organisms used for application to seed, soil or composting areas with the objective of increasing number of such micro-organisms and accelerate those microbial processes which augment the availability of nutrients that can be easily assimilated by plants. Biofertilizers play a very significant role in improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, both, in association with plant roots and without it, solubilise insoluble soil phosphates and produces plant growth substances in the soil.
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Advantages of biofertilizers, Become an Organic Farmer, Bio Fertilizer Business Opportunities, Bio fertilizer manufacturing process, Bio Fertilizer Process Plants, Bio fertilizer production line, Biofertilizer and Organic Farming Business, Biofertilizer Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biofertilizer Business Plan, Biofertilizer Manufacturing Business Ideas, Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, Biofertilizer Processing Profitable Projects, Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Bio-Fertilizer Processing unit, Biofertilizer Production and Application, biofertilizer production process, biofertilizer production unit, biofertilizer production, Biofertilizer Small Business Manufacturing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides Unit, Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture, Biofertilizers Technology, Biogas Production from Organic Biofertilizer, Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Formulation of Biopesticides, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to make bio fertilizer, How to manufacture bio fertilizer, How to Start a Biofertilizer business?, How to Start a Biofertilizer Production Business, How to Start a Fertilizer Business Startup Business, How to start a successful Biofertilizer business, How to start an organic farm business Startup Business, How to Start an Organic Farm, How to Start Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, How to start fertilizer business in India, How to Start Organic Farming business in India, How to start organic farming, Industrial Project Report, Manufacture of Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Manufacturers of Bio-Fertilizers and Organic Farming, Most Profitable Biofertilizer Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Biofertilizer processing industry, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production,
Bio-fertilizers are being essential component of organic farming are the preparations containing live or latent cells of efficient strains of nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing or cellulolytic micro-organisms used for application to seed, soil or composting areas with the objective of increasing number of such micro-organisms and accelerate those microbial processes which augment the availability of nutrients that can be easily assimilated by plants. Biofertilizers play a very significant role in improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, both, in association with plant roots and without it, solubilise insoluble soil phosphates and produces plant growth substances in the soil.
See more
https://goo.gl/QSRrth
https://goo.gl/8IWEuQ
https://goo.gl/fPbtJc
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Advantages of biofertilizers, Become an Organic Farmer, Bio Fertilizer Business Opportunities, Bio fertilizer manufacturing process, Bio Fertilizer Process Plants, Bio fertilizer production line, Biofertilizer and Organic Farming Business, Biofertilizer Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biofertilizer Business Plan, Biofertilizer Manufacturing Business Ideas, Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, Biofertilizer Processing Profitable Projects, Biofertilizer Processing Projects, Bio-Fertilizer Processing unit, Biofertilizer Production and Application, biofertilizer production process, biofertilizer production unit, biofertilizer production, Biofertilizer Small Business Manufacturing, Bio-Fertilizers and Bio-Pesticides Unit, Bio-fertilizers in organic agriculture, Biofertilizers Technology, Biogas Production from Organic Biofertilizer, Book on Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Formulation of Biopesticides, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to make bio fertilizer, How to manufacture bio fertilizer, How to Start a Biofertilizer business?, How to Start a Biofertilizer Production Business, How to Start a Fertilizer Business Startup Business, How to start a successful Biofertilizer business, How to start an organic farm business Startup Business, How to Start an Organic Farm, How to Start Biofertilizer Processing Industry in India, How to start fertilizer business in India, How to Start Organic Farming business in India, How to start organic farming, Industrial Project Report, Manufacture of Biofertilizer and Organic Farming, Manufacturers of Bio-Fertilizers and Organic Farming, Most Profitable Biofertilizer Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Biofertilizer processing industry, Organic agriculture produce, Organic crops, Organic Farm Start Up, Organic farming and food production,
Rice is our staple diet and in the south and east of India people eat rice thrice a day in various forms. Since the last two - three decades we have been mainly eating polished white rice from few high yielding varieties of paddy. This is reported to cause numerous health issues. Pesticide use in paddy is also quite high and around 17% of the pesticides used in the country goes into paddy. Residues of these pesticides found in our staple grain is a serious cause for concern. Since most of the paddy is cultivated in wetlands and irrigated areas, this practice also leads to contamination of our water resources and soil.
Organic rice cultivation uses organic inputs such as farm yard manure, vermin - compost, Beejamrut, dharava jeeva amuruth, agniyastharam etc. These natural inputs will maintain a balance in the soil eco - system by maintaining a constant level of microorganism’s loads in the soil. As the organic rice cultivation uses none of the chemical pesticides, we can also prevent the degradation of flora and fauna living above the soil. Beside it we can also maintain a good agro eco - system and biodiversity. The organic rice has less calorific value and high fiber value when compared to conventional rice so people who are suffering from diabetes can consume organic rice without any hesitation. The inputs used in the organic rice are easily prepare from the available farm resources so farmers can easily adopt the cultivation of organic rice. Even the yield of organic rice may be low when compare to conventional rice cultivation and the nutritive value of the organic rice is high. As the demand is increasing day by day for organic rice hence the farmers can go for cultivation organic rice insisted of conventional cultivation in order to get sustainable yield and to prevent from health hazards, protect biodiversity and maintain balanced eco system.
Effects of used engine oil polluted-soil on seeds’ germination and seedlings’...IJEAB
The ability of Phaselous vulgaris, Zea mays L., Solanum lycopersium and Sorghum saccharatum to germinate and grow in unpolluted soils, 1% w/w and 2% w/w used engine oil polluted soils were investigated. Twenty (20) seeds of each plant species were sown in the various polluted and unpolluted soils and germination were monitored for 7 days, and subsequent growth for 7 weeks. The numbers of germinated seeds were counted daily from the 2nd to the 7th day, and percentage germination recorded. Plants’ growth parameters (shoot heights and leaf area) of the seedlings were assayed and recorded on the 3rd, 5th and 7th week. Percentage germination varied for the various plant seeds. S. saccharatum had the best germination in polluted and unpolluted soil with 100%, 95% and 90% germination as against the least germination 100%, 65% and 25% observed in S. lycopersium in unpolluted, 1% w/w polluted and 2% w/w polluted soils, respectively. In terms of growth, P. vulgaris had the best performance in unpolluted and polluted soils with mean shoot heights of 47.8 cm, 41.3 cm and 28.4 cm as against S. lycopersium with mean shoot heights of 10.8 cm, 5.8 cm and 3.6 cm in unpolluted, 1% w/w and 2% w/w polluted soils, respectively at the end of the study. The results of this study showed that used engine oil inhibited the germination of these seeds in a dose depended manner, and that inhibition of seeds’ germination does not connote inhibition of subsequent growth. This highlights the need to prevent agricultural soil pollution with used engine oil.
Produce Organic Concoctions and Extracts
The learner demonstrates an understanding of the basic concepts, underlying theories, and principles in the production of various concoction and extracts.
Liquid Microbial Biofertilizers (LMF) for enhancing soil fertility '“ A Reviewijtsrd
The nutrients of biological origin added to the soil to enrich the soil fertility are called biofertilizers. Biofertilizers is a substance contains living microorganisms which promote the adequate supply of nutrients to the host plants and ensure their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Biofertilizer reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. They never cause pollution in air, water and land. Indiscriminate synthetic fertilizer usage has polluted the soil, water basins, destroyed micro-organisms and eco-friendly insects, made the crop more susceptible to diseases and depleted soil fertility at the primary levels as of todays scenario is to overcome these problems which is the main reason for this review. On this basis, Microorganisms have been emerged as the potential alternative for the productivity, reliability and sustainability of the global food chain. These review focuses on liquid biofertilizer technology providing reliable reason for their necessity, specificity and emphasizes the use of agriculturally important microorganisms in different combinations i.e., Liquid Microbial Consortium (LMC) is the only solution for restoration of soil health. Biofertilizers supply plant nutrients (NPK) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It can be produced by using renewable wastes. Tamilkodi. R | Victoria. J"Liquid Microbial Biofertilizers (LMF) for enhancing soil fertility “ A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5750.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/5750/liquid-microbial-biofertilizers-lmf-for-enhancing-soil-fertility---a-review/tamilkodi-r
Rice is our staple diet and in the south and east of India people eat rice thrice a day in various forms. Since the last two - three decades we have been mainly eating polished white rice from few high yielding varieties of paddy. This is reported to cause numerous health issues. Pesticide use in paddy is also quite high and around 17% of the pesticides used in the country goes into paddy. Residues of these pesticides found in our staple grain is a serious cause for concern. Since most of the paddy is cultivated in wetlands and irrigated areas, this practice also leads to contamination of our water resources and soil.
Organic rice cultivation uses organic inputs such as farm yard manure, vermin - compost, Beejamrut, dharava jeeva amuruth, agniyastharam etc. These natural inputs will maintain a balance in the soil eco - system by maintaining a constant level of microorganism’s loads in the soil. As the organic rice cultivation uses none of the chemical pesticides, we can also prevent the degradation of flora and fauna living above the soil. Beside it we can also maintain a good agro eco - system and biodiversity. The organic rice has less calorific value and high fiber value when compared to conventional rice so people who are suffering from diabetes can consume organic rice without any hesitation. The inputs used in the organic rice are easily prepare from the available farm resources so farmers can easily adopt the cultivation of organic rice. Even the yield of organic rice may be low when compare to conventional rice cultivation and the nutritive value of the organic rice is high. As the demand is increasing day by day for organic rice hence the farmers can go for cultivation organic rice insisted of conventional cultivation in order to get sustainable yield and to prevent from health hazards, protect biodiversity and maintain balanced eco system.
Effects of used engine oil polluted-soil on seeds’ germination and seedlings’...IJEAB
The ability of Phaselous vulgaris, Zea mays L., Solanum lycopersium and Sorghum saccharatum to germinate and grow in unpolluted soils, 1% w/w and 2% w/w used engine oil polluted soils were investigated. Twenty (20) seeds of each plant species were sown in the various polluted and unpolluted soils and germination were monitored for 7 days, and subsequent growth for 7 weeks. The numbers of germinated seeds were counted daily from the 2nd to the 7th day, and percentage germination recorded. Plants’ growth parameters (shoot heights and leaf area) of the seedlings were assayed and recorded on the 3rd, 5th and 7th week. Percentage germination varied for the various plant seeds. S. saccharatum had the best germination in polluted and unpolluted soil with 100%, 95% and 90% germination as against the least germination 100%, 65% and 25% observed in S. lycopersium in unpolluted, 1% w/w polluted and 2% w/w polluted soils, respectively. In terms of growth, P. vulgaris had the best performance in unpolluted and polluted soils with mean shoot heights of 47.8 cm, 41.3 cm and 28.4 cm as against S. lycopersium with mean shoot heights of 10.8 cm, 5.8 cm and 3.6 cm in unpolluted, 1% w/w and 2% w/w polluted soils, respectively at the end of the study. The results of this study showed that used engine oil inhibited the germination of these seeds in a dose depended manner, and that inhibition of seeds’ germination does not connote inhibition of subsequent growth. This highlights the need to prevent agricultural soil pollution with used engine oil.
Produce Organic Concoctions and Extracts
The learner demonstrates an understanding of the basic concepts, underlying theories, and principles in the production of various concoction and extracts.
Liquid Microbial Biofertilizers (LMF) for enhancing soil fertility '“ A Reviewijtsrd
The nutrients of biological origin added to the soil to enrich the soil fertility are called biofertilizers. Biofertilizers is a substance contains living microorganisms which promote the adequate supply of nutrients to the host plants and ensure their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Biofertilizer reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. They never cause pollution in air, water and land. Indiscriminate synthetic fertilizer usage has polluted the soil, water basins, destroyed micro-organisms and eco-friendly insects, made the crop more susceptible to diseases and depleted soil fertility at the primary levels as of todays scenario is to overcome these problems which is the main reason for this review. On this basis, Microorganisms have been emerged as the potential alternative for the productivity, reliability and sustainability of the global food chain. These review focuses on liquid biofertilizer technology providing reliable reason for their necessity, specificity and emphasizes the use of agriculturally important microorganisms in different combinations i.e., Liquid Microbial Consortium (LMC) is the only solution for restoration of soil health. Biofertilizers supply plant nutrients (NPK) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It can be produced by using renewable wastes. Tamilkodi. R | Victoria. J"Liquid Microbial Biofertilizers (LMF) for enhancing soil fertility “ A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5750.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/5750/liquid-microbial-biofertilizers-lmf-for-enhancing-soil-fertility---a-review/tamilkodi-r
The Studies of Effect of Bio Fertilizers Rhizobium, Phosphobacteria, and Root...IIJSRJournal
A pot culture experiment was carried out and to the find out the effect of Rhizobium, Phosphobacteria and Root Nodule extract on the vegetative growth and biochemical changes in Black gram and Maize. The Black gram and Maize is vegetative parameters such as seed germination, shoot and root length, leaf fresh weight, leafs dry weight, shoot and root dry weight had analyzed and biochemical studies of both Black gram and Maize was carried such as total chlorophyll content, leave soluble protein and in vivo nitrate reductase activity. Among microbial inoculants, the Rhizobium + PB mixer was found most effective in terms of seed germination, shoot and root length, leaf fresh weight, leafs dry weight, shoot and root dry weight and also showed increase total chlorophyll content, soluble protein and nitrate activities in both Black gram and Maize.
There is a great contamination of water, soil, air, soil erosion, pest resistance
and extensive use of chemical fertilizers cause a turn to induce agriculture for
producing safe and clean products. For this purpose, by using natural materials like
algae on the beach, organic and environmentally friendly fertilizer was prepared. In
this investigation effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) of Ulva fasciata at
concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% on some parameters of wheat
(Triticum aestivum var. chamran) has been investigated. Based on the results, above
algae can be used as a food supplement solution in the form of foliar spray at 2.5%
concentration with a significant increase in morphological and biochemical indices.
The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm and laboratory of Institute of
Sustainable Agrotechnology, University Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia, with the objective
toinvestigate the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of aqueous extract of mungbean on seed germination and
seedling growth of three crop species, mungbean, sweet corn and okra. Different treatments of mungbean
aqueousextracts (vegetative fresh, vegetative after 2 weeks drying, vegetative after 4 weeks drying, flowering
fresh, flowering after 2 weeks drying, flowering after 4 weeks drying, flowering fresh, flowering after 2 weeks
drying, flowering after 4 weeks drying, maturity fresh, maturity after 2 weeks drying, maturity after 4 weeks
drying and water as control) were used to test their effect on the test species. The experiment was randomly
distributed and according to Completely Randomized Design(CRD) with five replicates. The results showed the
fresh vegetative aqueous extract of mungbean had a significant effect (stimulatory) on germination percent and
growth parameters such as number of root, root length and shoot height, of the three crop species. The study
revealed that the aqueous extract of mungbean have different effects (inhibitory and stimulatory) on the
seedlings and the mode of action depends on the associated plant species.Our results suggest that the aqueous
extract of mungbean from the different growth stages and drying periods have an allelopathic effect.
Criteria for the Selection of Vegetable Growth-Promoting Bacteria to be appli...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
In order to define which are the most important criteria for the selection of plant Growth-Promoting bacterial strains of the Hibiscus sabdariffa L. crop (Roselle), bacterial strains isolated from the roots of Roselle plants of two varieties (Creole and Spider) were used, collected in the community of Río de los Peces, municipality of Candelaria Loxicha, Oaxaca and seeds of the same varieties. To characterize the varieties, the following were determined: total germination percentage (TGP), germination speed (GS), the root length(RL), the stem length (SL), the dry root biomass (DRB), the dry stem biomass (DSB) and the chlorophyll content (CC). Three types of LED lamps were used to illuminate the seedlings. The seeds inoculated with cells of six selected bacterial strains were grown in a greenhouse to determine: the stem length (SL) at 3, 45 and 65 days after sowing (das). The treatments were distributed under a completely random design and comparison of means (Tukey, p = 0.05). The TGP, DSB and DRB parameters were not useful in the selection process of the strains that promoted plant growth to a greater degree. The GS and SL to be considered safe criteria or not, what is important is the relationship of what happens at the time of germination and development of the seedlings in the laboratory and greenhouse. The SL of the plants in the greenhouse showed differences between strains, but not regarding the control and also only observed in the first days of development (3 das). The CC did not prove to be a good selection criterion either. The lamp composed of 15% white light, 27% blue light and 58% red light was the one that most promoted root growth.
Banana plantlet production through tissuecultureAbed Hawas
Banana plantlet production through tissueculture
Banana plantlet production through tissuecultureBanana plantlet production through tissuecultureBanana plantlet production through tissuecultureBanana plantlet production through tissuecultureBanana plantlet production through tissuecultureBanana plantlet production through tissuecultureBanana plantlet production through tissueculture
Resistance of Dryland Rice to Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.) Using ...IJRES Journal
Rice stem borer is one of the important pests that attack plants so as to reduce production. One way
to control pests is to use organic fertilizers that make the plant stronger and healthier. This study was conducted
to determine the effects of organic fertilizers with various doses without the use of pesticides in controlling stem
borer, Scirpophaga incertulas. Methods using split-split plot design which consists of two levels of the whole
plot factor (solid and liquid organic fertilizers), two levels of the subplot factor (conventional and industry,
Tiens and Mitraflora), and four levels of the sub-subplot factor of conventional and industry (5, 10, 15, 20
tonnes/ha), and one level of the sub-subplot factor of Tiens and Mitraflora (each 2 ml/l). Based on the results
Statistical analysis there were no significant differences among treatments and this shows that the use of organic
fertilizers that only a dose of 5 tonnes/ha is sufficient available nutrients that make plants more robust and
resistant to control stem borer, besides that can reduce production costs and friendly to the environment when
compared with using inorganic fertilizers.
Effect of Different Sources of Nutrient on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmosc...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The experiment was carried out at Nepal Polytechnic Institute field, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal to study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Monech). Five different treatments; poultry manure, FYM, goat manure, chemical (as per N equivalent) and no fertilizer (control) were replicated four times. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD). The okra variety ArkaAnamika was used for experiment. The data were collected on the growth and yield parameters including plant height (cm), canopy (cm), numbers of leaves per plant, numbers of branches per plant, fruit length, diameter and yield. Results indicated that different nutrient sources had significant (P<0.05) affected on plant height, canopy, leaf number, branches and also in yield parameters. Based on the findings of the experiments, it can be concluded that application of poultry manure significantly increased the growth and yield performances on Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech (okra) compared to other types of fertilizers. As the study reflected the use of no fertilizer results in the lowest vegetative growth and yield performances which indicates to use some nutrient sources for better growth and production of okra.
ISSN 2321 – 9602
It appears that you are providing information about the publication process of IAJAVS International Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Science. it seems to prioritize a fast publication schedule while maintaining rigorous peer review of the journals in research.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
Role of bacteria with novel characteristics in the production of Organic Crop (okra)
1.
2. ROLE OF BACTERIA WITH NOVEL
CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF ORGANIC CROP (OKRA)
Mentor: Meenakshi
Mukhopadhyay
Group Members:
1. Piyas Mukherjee (618)
LEADER
2. Shreejit Saha (607) DEPUTY
LEADER
3. Baivabi Bhattacharya (631)
4. Dibyo Mazumdar (645)
3. WHY ORGANIC FARMING & WHAT IS
PGPR?
WHY ORGANIC FARMING?
1. Maintains optimum soil health. Thus,
the soil capable of supplying all
essential nutrients. This allows crops to
have proper growth and development.
2. This in turn causes the increase in the
productivity and over all improvement of
agro-ecosystem.
3. Organic farming gives quality organic
food and also helps to restore soil
fertility on long term basis.
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING
RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR)
1. Improve tolerance to abiotic stress.
2. Colonize the plant root system
3. Compete with other bacteria to
establish themselves. Control
pathogens biologically.
4. Many types and many mechanisms
allow the promotion of the plant
growth.
S3- Bacillus zhanzhouensis strain
MMAM
S7- Bacillus subtilis strain MMAM4
R1- Bacillus subtilis strain MMAM2
4. ABOUT THE CROP:
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
• Herbaceous, annual plant.
• Malavaceae family.
Best grown: Warm well drained, light sandy to loamy soil.
Okra growing season: Kharif (rainy season) June-July. Can be grown in
January- February with proper watering.
5. Activity S3 S7 R1
Growth on N-free medium + + + + + +
Growth on Pikovskaya
medium
+ + + + +
Growth on Aleksandro
medium
+ + − −
Amylase Production + ++ + ++ +
Protease Production ++ + ++ + ++ +
HCN Production + + + ++ +
Ammonia Production + + + + +
Catalase Production ++ + ++ + + +
Oxidase Production
Isolated from:
Agricultural land in
Diamond Harbor of
South 24 Parganas, West
Bengal, that has been
used for agricultural
practice for the last 85
years.
Strains: Bacillus
UNDERSTANDING THE PGPR:
6. SOIL SAMPLE STUDY: 2 TYPES
Gita Nursery
Done on 22.03.21
Patuli Nursery
Done on 22.03.21
7. SOIL STUDY:
Serial dilution
tubes for
diluting the soil.
Plates prepared by
the process of spread
plating.
10−3 NA
Plate. Spread
Plate
Technique.
10
−3
NA
Plate.
Spread
Plate
Technique
53
colonies.
8. MATERIALS AND
METHODS:
Soil Preparation:
Majorly 2 types of soil was prepared (1 kg in
total per pot)
1. Simple garden soil (full)
2. Simple garden soil (
3
4
𝑡ℎ) + Vermicompost
(
1
4
𝑡ℎ)
(In the vermicompost, 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙: 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 was 1: 1)
Sowing process:
Seed: North East Hybrid Seeds variety
1. Seeds kept in moist cotton cloth for
germination (2nd March).
2. Appearance of sprouts; placed in pots (5-6
per pot), 2-3 cm below the soil (6th March).
(After sowing into soil covered with coco peat.)
9. Member 1
• Soil (Control)
• Soil + S3 solid
• Soil + S7 solid
• Soil + R1 solid
• Soil + (S3+S7+R1)
solid
• Soil + Vermi (Positive
Control)
• Soil + Vermi + S3 solid
• Soil + Vermi + S7 solid
• Soil + Vermi + R1 solid
• Soil + Vermi + (S3+S7+R1)
solid
Member 2
• Soil (Control)
• Soil + S3 in LB media
• Soil + S7 in LB media
• Soil + R1 in LB media
• Soil + (S3+S7+R1) in LB
media
Member 3
Soil + Vermi (Positive Control)
Soil + Vermi + S3 in LB media
Soil + Vermi + S7 in LB media
Soil + Vermi + R1 in LB media
Soil + Vermi + (S3+S7+R1) in LB
media
*Application of treatment on 10th April (after 5 weeks), 40 ml
COMPOSITION AND TREATMENTS
OF POTS: Consortia:
21 ml of bacterial
culture (7ml each) +
19 ml of water.
10. Member 4
Soil (Control)
Soil + S3 in Sterile Water
Soil + S7 in Sterile Water
Soil + R1 in Sterile Water
Soil + (S3+S7+R1) in Sterile Water
Member 5
Soil + Vermi (Positive Control)
Soil + Vermi + S3 in Sterile Water
Soil + Vermi + S7 in Sterile Water
Soil + Vermi + R1 in Sterile Water
Soil + Vermi + (S3+S7+R1) in Sterile
Water
*Application of treatment on 16th April (after 6 weeks)
COMPOSITION AND TREATMENTS
OF POTS: Solid pellets:
10000 RPM for 20
mins; supernatant
discarded;
In 40 ml sterile
water.
COMMON MEASURES:
• Watering: twice daily; early morning and evening.
• On around 30th day extra plants were removed (4 each pot).
• Kept under diffused sunlight, direct sunlight and complete shade.
• Data taken every week along with standard errors.
• Both vegetative and reproductive growth were tallied.
22. After Inoculation
with Bacterial
Strain – Increase
in Stem Length
PGPR – Induce
Growth
Enhancing
Factors and
Increase in Soil
Nutrient
Content
RESULTS: VEGETATIVE
PARAMETERS
23. Vermicompost grown plants – Greater Internode Length
Plants treated with Water Suspension – Higher Total Photosynthetic
Surface Area
RESULTS: VEGETATIVE
PARAMETERS
24. RESULTS: REPRODUCTIVE
PARAMETERS
Number and Size of Flower (in
cm)
First Flowering – 12th April 2021
Average Number of Flowers per Plant –
4
Range of Flower Size – 3 cm to 5 cm
First Bud Appeared – 3rd April 2021
Average Number of Buds per Plant – 6
Range of Size of Bud – 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm
Number and Size of Fruit (in
cm)
First Appearance of Fruit – 15th April
2021
Average Number of Fruits per Plant – 4
Range of Fruit Size – 12 cm to 15 cm
Date of Harvesting Fruit – 8th May 2021
25. CONCLUSION:
The plants were maintained and observed both before & after the
addition of treatments, till the week 10 mark.
The best growth was seen in:
Member 1: S3 in Solid Treatment, closely followed by S7 (In both the
sets of Pots)
Member 3: R1in LB and S7 in LB
Member 4: S3 in Water Suspension and S7 in Water Suspension
Member 5: S3 in Water Suspension and S7 in Water Suspension
26. FUTURE PROSPECTS
The future prospects seen due to organic farming are quite direct:
1. It allows the growth of more nutritional food.
2. It maintains and increases of the soil fertility and productivity.
3. Avoidance of pollution.
4. It prevents the degradation of the natural microflora of the soil.
5. It allows one to fetch higher prices in national and international market.
6. It also increases employability.
In the long run it also allows the protection of the ecosystem indirectly. It
also promotes eco-tourism.
Further research are being carried out by scientists to understand the
process better and also improve the technology and methods of organic
faming.
27. REFERENCES:
Ashrafuzzaman, M., Nuruzzaman, M., Islam, M. Z., & Islam, M. R. (2003). Effect of Biofertilizers on Vegetative Growth
of Okra. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 48.
Sundari, U. & Gandhi, A. (2017). Effect of microbial inoculants on growth and yield of Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus
(L.) Moench] in field trial. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS), 4(4), 182-188.
https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.04.02
Nayak, Bara, et.al. (2019) Effect of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizers on growth, seed yield and quality traits of okra
[Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. The Pharma Innovation Journal 2019; 8(7): 468-473
Nuruzzaman, M., Ashrafuzzaman, M., Islam, M. Z., & Islam, M. R. (2003). Field efficiency of biofertilizers on the
growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [(L.) Moench]). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 166(6), 764–770.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200321195
Mal, B., Mahapatra, P., Mohanty, S., & Mishra, H. N. (n.d.). Growth and yield parameters of okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus) influenced by Diazotrophs and chemical fertilizers. 6.
agriculturalchemistry. (03:17:54 UTC). Organic farming prospects and constraints. https://www.slideshare.net/agriculturalchemistry/organic-farming-
prospects-and-constraints
agriculturalchemistry. (03:17:54 UTC). Organic farming prospects and constraints.
https://www.slideshare.net/agriculturalchemistry/organic-farming-prospects-and-constraints
Shiba Shankar Pattayat. (19:18:57 UTC). Growth and performance of organic farming in India.
28. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A special thank you to Father Principal, Dr. Arup Kumar Mitra, the
Head of the Department of Microbiology, Professors, our Mentor,
Meenakshi Mukhopadhyay, all the research scholars, Bharat
Foundation and everyone who have helped us prepare this
presentation.
