The document discusses behaviorism, a learning theory developed by Ivan Pavlov. Behaviorism perceives the student as a passive being and is based on external causes from the environment. It focuses on memorization, imitation, and discipline. While it fosters discipline and memorization skills, it is criticized for not stimulating creativity, critical thinking, or participation. Behaviorism innovated education and opened doors to new learning theories, and aspects like using external stimuli to get required responses have remained effective over time.