2. WHAT IS A ROCK ART?
a form of landscape art, and
includes designs that have been
placed on boulder and cliff faces,
cave walls and ceilings, and on
the ground surface.
3. VARIOUS FORMS OF ROCK ART
• pictographs, which were painted or drawn onto
the panel (rock surface),
• petroglyphs, which were carved or engraved onto
the panel,
• earth figures such as earthforms, intaglios and
geoglyphs.
• Some archaeologists also consider pits and grooves
in the rock, known as cups, rings or cupules, as a
form of rock art
4. Pictographs
• made with mineral earths and other natural
compounds found across much of the world.
• The predominantly used colours are red, black and
white.
• Red paint is usually attained through the use of
ground ochre,
• black paint is typically composed ofcharcoal, or
sometimes from minerals such as manganese.
• White paint is usually created from natural chalk,
kaolinite clay or diatomaceous earth.
5. HOW PICTOGRAPHS WERE FORM?
they would be ground and mixed with a liquid, such
as water, blood, urine, or egg yolk, and then applied
to the stone as paint using a brush, fingers, or a
stamp. Alternately, the pigment could have been
applied on dry, such as with a stick of charcoal.]
6. HAND PRINT AS ONE UNUSUAL FORM
OF PICTOGRAPH
• One unusual form of pictograph, found in many, although not
all rock-art producing cultures, is the hand print.
• There are three forms of this; the first involves covering the
hand in wet paint and then applying it to the rock.
• The second involves a design being painted onto the hand,
which is then in turn added to the surface.
• The third involves the hand first being placed against the
panel, with dry paint then being blown onto it through a tube,
in a process that is akin to air-brush or spray-painting. The
resulting image is a negative print of the hand, and is
sometimes described as a "stencil" in Australian archaeology.
7. Petroglyphs
Petroglyphs are engravings or carvings into the rock panel.
They are created with the use of a hard hammerstone, which is
battered against the stone surface.
In certain societies, the choice of hammerstone itself has
religious significance.In other instances, the rock art is pecked
out through indirect percussion, as a second rock is used like
a chisel between the hammerstone and the panel.
A third, rarer form of engraving rock art was through incision,
or scratching, into the surface of the stone with a lithic flake
or metal blade. The motifs produced using this technique are
fine-lined and often difficult to see.
8. Earth Figures
Earth figures are large designs and motifs that are created
on the stone ground surface. They can be classified
through their method of manufacture. Intaglios are
created by scraping away the desert pavements (pebbles
covering the ground) to reveal a negative image on the
bedrock below. The best known example of such intaglio
rock art is the Nazca Lines of Peru. In
contrast, geoglyphs are positive images, which are
created by piling up rocks on the ground surface to
resulting in a visible motif or design.
9. Interpretation and Use
to mark territory,
to record historical events or stories
or to help enact rituals.
to depict real events
apparently entirely abstract
10. EXAMPLES OF ROCK ART
Petroglyph att
ributed to
Classic
Vernal Style,
Fremont
archaeologica
l culture,
eastern Utah,
USA.
11. EXAMPLES OF ROCK ART
Modern
rock relief
of
Decebalus,
king of
the Dacians
12. EXAMPLES OF ROCK ART
Reclining
Buddha at Gal
Vihara, Sri
Lanka. The
remains of the
image house
that originally
enclosed it can
be seen.
13. EXAMPLES OF ROCK ART
Buddhist st
one
carvings
at Ili River,
Kazakhstan
14. EXAMPLES OF ROCK ART
Pictograph,
southeastern Ut
ah(USA),
attributed
toBasketmaker,
Ancient
Puebloan cultur
e.
19. AMERICAN ROCK ART
Native
American rock
painting close
to Douglas, Wyomin
g, USA. One
possible
interpretation of this
painting is: On the
left side a group
of United States
Army soldiers with
different insignia
and on the right
side Native
Americans are
shown
24. EUROPE’S OLDEST ROCK ART
The oldest known example is the Chauvet Cave in
France, although others have been located,
including Lascaux in France, Alta Mira in Spain
and Creswell Crags in Britain.
25. AMERICA’S OLDEST ROCK ART
The oldest reliably dated rock art in the Americas is
known as the "Horny Little Man." It
is petroglyph depicting a stick figure with an
oversized phallus and carved inLapa do Santo, a cave
in central-eastern Brazil
26. AUSTRALIA’S OLDEST ROCK ART
The oldest firmly dated rock art painting in Australia
is a charcoal drawing on a rock fragment found
during the excavation of the Nawarla Gabarnmang
rock shelter in south western Arnhem Land in
the Northern Territory. Dated at 28,000 years, it is
one of the oldest known pieces of rock art on Earth
with a confirmed date.
27. Nawarla Gabarnmang is considered to have one of
the most extensive collections of rock art in the
world and predates both Lascaux and Chauvet cave
art, the earliest known art in Europe by at least
10,000 years
28. AFRICA’S OLDEST ROCK ART
The APOLLO 11 stones were thought t be the oldest
known artwork of any kind from the African
continent.
31. INTERPRETATION AND USE
.were not merely decorations of living areas since the
caves in which they have been found do not have signs of
ongoing habitation.
They are also often located in areas of caves that are not
easily accessible.
Some theories hold that cave paintings may have been a
way of communicating with others, while other theories
ascribe a religious or ceremonial purpose to them.
The paintings are remarkably similar around the world,
with animals being common subjects that give the most
impressive images. Humans mainly appear as images of
hands, mostly hand stencils made by blowing pigment
on a hand held to the wall.
32. SUBJECT,THEMES AND PATTERNS
The most common subjects in cave paintings are
large wild animals, such as bison,horses, aurochs,
and deer, and tracings of human hands as well as
abstract patterns, called finger flutings
33. OLDEST CAVE ART
EL CASTILLO CAVE
PREHISTORIC DOTS AND CRIMSON HAND
STENCILSON SPANISH CAVE WALLS.
MADE BY THE NEANDERTHALS.
45. SHORT QUIZ
1. a form of landscape art, and includes designs that
have been placed on boulder and cliff faces, cave walls
and ceilings, and on the ground surface.
2-4 3 various forms of rock art
5-7 predominantly used colors in rock art
8.created by scraping away the desert pavements
(pebbles covering the ground) to reveal a negative
image on the bedrock below.
9-13 5 use and interpretations of rock art
14. painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings
46. 15. made by blowing pigment on a hand
held to the wall.
16-18 three major themes and subject in
cave art
19-22 oldest rock art in America. Africa,
Australia and Europe
23-25 (3 points) oldest cave art, where we
can find it and who made it?
48. 11. or to help enact rituals.
12. to depict real events
13. apparently entirely
abstract
14. Cave art
15. Hand stencils
16.Large wild animals
17.Tracings of human
hands
18 abstract pattern
19.Chauvet cave
20. "Horny Little Man."
21. a charcoal drawing on
a rock fragment
22. APOLLO 11 stones
23-25 El Castillo Cave
Spain
Made by the Neanderthals.
50. Based on the lesson we
discussed, ancient people used
handprints or hand stencils on
rocks and caves. Now, it’s your
turn to create your own
masterpiece by creating a
figure using your handprints.
51. Make your own. Avoid copying
ideas to others. Write a simple
caption to describe your
masterpiece. Use a watercolor and
put your artwork in a ¼ sheet of
cardboard
Deadline: AUGUST 12,2016
