Robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments may result in aimless wandering, corner traps and repetitive path loops. To address these issues, this paper presents the solution by comparing the standard deviation of the distance ranges of the obstacles appeared in the robot navigation path. For the similar obstacles, The standard deviations of distance range vectors, obtained from the laser range finder sensor of the robot at similar pose, are very close to each other. Therefore, the measurements of odometer sensor are also combined with the standard deviation to recognize the location of the obstacles. A novel algorithm, with obstacle detection feature, is presented for robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments. The algorithm checks the similarity of the distance range vectors of the obstacles in the path and uses this information in combination with the odometer measurements to identify the obstacles and their locations. The experimental work is carried out using Gazebo simulator.
This paper presents a simulation on the relative location recognition of multi-robots using MRDS (Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio). Multiple robots allow a more robust recognition of their relative locations in accuracy and performance compared to having just a single robot client. However, in order to experiment with a cooperative robot system that utilizes multiple robots units, there are constraints relating to large initial production costs for the robot units as well as having to secure a certain size of space for the experiment. This paper has resolved those issues by performing the multi-robot relative location recognition experiment in a simulated virtual space using MRDS, a robot application tool. Moreover, relative coordinates of robots were recognized by using omni-directional panoramic vision sensors on the simulation program
Recognition and tracking moving objects using moving camera in complex scenesIJCSEA Journal
In this paper, we propose a method for effectively tracking moving objects in videos captured using a
moving camera in complex scenes. The video sequences may contain highly dynamic backgrounds and
illumination changes. Four main steps are involved in the proposed method. First, the video is stabilized
using affine transformation. Second, intelligent selection of frames is performed in order to extract only
those frames that have a considerable change in content. This step reduces complexity and computational
time. Third, the moving object is tracked using Kalman filter and Gaussian mixture model. Finally object
recognition using Bag of features is performed in order to recognize the moving objects.
Novel Navigation Strategy Study on Autonomous Mobile RobotsWaqas Tariq
Potential field method bas been widely used in obstacle avoidance for mobile robots because of its elegance and simplicity. However, this method has inherent drawbacks. Considering this, this paper introduces a new behaviour-based navigation strategy. Aiming at a mobile robot SDLG-1 developed by the authors, the kinematics model is built based on its motion structure. Using twelve sonar sensors, the strategy algorithm of behaviour-based navigation control is brought forth. Based on the algorithm, software simulations and experimental evaluations have been conducted. Both results indicate the navigation strategy proposed in this paper is effective.
This paper presents a simulation on the relative location recognition of multi-robots using MRDS (Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio). Multiple robots allow a more robust recognition of their relative locations in accuracy and performance compared to having just a single robot client. However, in order to experiment with a cooperative robot system that utilizes multiple robots units, there are constraints relating to large initial production costs for the robot units as well as having to secure a certain size of space for the experiment. This paper has resolved those issues by performing the multi-robot relative location recognition experiment in a simulated virtual space using MRDS, a robot application tool. Moreover, relative coordinates of robots were recognized by using omni-directional panoramic vision sensors on the simulation program
Recognition and tracking moving objects using moving camera in complex scenesIJCSEA Journal
In this paper, we propose a method for effectively tracking moving objects in videos captured using a
moving camera in complex scenes. The video sequences may contain highly dynamic backgrounds and
illumination changes. Four main steps are involved in the proposed method. First, the video is stabilized
using affine transformation. Second, intelligent selection of frames is performed in order to extract only
those frames that have a considerable change in content. This step reduces complexity and computational
time. Third, the moving object is tracked using Kalman filter and Gaussian mixture model. Finally object
recognition using Bag of features is performed in order to recognize the moving objects.
Novel Navigation Strategy Study on Autonomous Mobile RobotsWaqas Tariq
Potential field method bas been widely used in obstacle avoidance for mobile robots because of its elegance and simplicity. However, this method has inherent drawbacks. Considering this, this paper introduces a new behaviour-based navigation strategy. Aiming at a mobile robot SDLG-1 developed by the authors, the kinematics model is built based on its motion structure. Using twelve sonar sensors, the strategy algorithm of behaviour-based navigation control is brought forth. Based on the algorithm, software simulations and experimental evaluations have been conducted. Both results indicate the navigation strategy proposed in this paper is effective.
Modelling of walking humanoid robot with capability of floor detection and dy...ijfcstjournal
Most humanoid robots have highly complicated structure and design of robots that are very similar to
human is extremely difficult. In this paper, modelling of a general and comprehensive algorithm for control
of humanoid robots is presented using Colored Petri Nets. For keeping dynamic balance of the robot,
combination of Gyroscope and Accelerometer sensors are used in algorithm. Image processing is used to
identify two fundamental issues: first, detection of target or an object which robot must follow; second,
detecting surface of the ground so that walking robot could maintain its balance just like a human and
shows its best performance. Presented model gives high-level view of humanoid robot's operations.
Trajectory reconstruction for robot programming by demonstration IJECEIAES
The reproduction of hand movements by a robot remains difficult and conventional learning methods do not allow us to faithfully recreate these movements because it is very difficult when the number of crossing points is very large. Programming by Demonstration gives a better opportunity for solving this problem by tracking the user’s movements with a motion capture system and creating a robotic program to reproduce the performed tasks. This paper presents a Programming by Demonstration system in a trajectory level for the reproduction of hand/tool movement by a manipulator robot; this was realized by tracking the user’s movement with the ArToolkit and reconstructing the trajectories by using the constrained cubic spline. The results obtained with the constrained cubic spline were compared with cubic spline interpolation. Finally the obtained trajectories have been simulated in a virtual environment on the Puma 600 robot.
In this paper the process of 3D modelling from video is presented. Analysed previous research related to
this process, and specifically described algorithms for detecting and matching key points. We described
their advantages and disadvantages, and made a critical analysis of algorithms. In this paper, the three
detectors (SUSAN, Plessey and Förstner) are tested and compare. We used video taken with hand held
camera of a cube and compare these detectors on it (taking into account their parameters of accuracy and
repeatability). In conclusion, we practically made 3D model of the cube from video used these detectors in
the first step of the process and three algorithms (RANSAC, MSAC and MLESAC) for matching data.
Advances in the Solution of NS Eqs. in GPGPU Hardware. Second order scheme an...Storti Mario
A Navier-Stokes solver based on Cartesian structured finite volume
discretization with embedded bodies is presented. Fluid structure
interaction with solid bodies is performed with an explicit
partitioned strategy. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the
whole domain via a Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations
(SIMPLE) using a colocated finite volume scheme, stabilized
via the Rhie-Chow discretization. As uniform Cartesian grids are used,
the solid interface usually do not coincide with the mesh, and then a
second order Immersed Boundary Method is proposed, in order to avoid
the loss of precision due to the staircase representation of the
surface. This fact also affects the computation of fluid forces on the
solid wall and, accordingly, the results in the fluid-structure
analysis. In the present work, first and second order approximations
for computing the fluid forces at the interface are studied and
compared. The solver is specially oriented to General Purpose Graphic
Processing Units (GPGPU) hardware and the efficiency is
discussed. Moreover, a novel submerged buoy experiment is also
reported and serves to validate the presented fluid-structure
algorithm. The experiment consists of a sphere with positive buoyancy
fully submerged in a cubic tank, subject to harmonic displacements
imposed by a shake table. The sphere is attached to the bottom of
the tank with a string. Position of the buoy is determined from video
records with a Motion Capture algorithm. The obtained amplitude and
phase curves allow a precise determination of the added mass and drag
forces. Due to this aspect the experimental data can be of interest
for the validation of fluid-structure interaction codes. Finally, the
numerical results are compared with the experiments, and allows the
validation of the numerically predicted drag and added mass of the
body.
Control N degrees of freedom with a unique actuator (1DOF) by introducing noise into the others DOF through mechanical coupling, reducing the noise intensity as it get close to the target in phase-space. It is easier to build directional sensors than directional actuators. Simulated robots produce graphic patterns.
A Path Planning Technique For Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Free-Configuratio...CSCJournals
This paper presents the implementation of a novel technique for sensor based path planning of autonomous mobile robots. The proposed method is based on finding free-configuration eigen spaces (FCE) in the robot actuation area. Using the FCE technique to find optimal paths for autonomous mobile robots, the underlying hypothesis is that in the low-dimensional manifolds of laser scanning data, there lies an eigenvector which corresponds to the free-configuration space of the higher order geometric representation of the environment. The vectorial combination of all these eigenvectors at discrete time scan frames manifests a trajectory, whose sum can be treated as a robot path or trajectory. The proposed algorithm was tested on two different test bed data, real data obtained from Navlab SLAMMOT and data obtained from the real-time robotics simulation program Player/Stage. Performance analysis of FCE technique was done with existing four path planning algorithms under certain working parameters, namely computation time needed to find a solution, the distance travelled and the amount of turning required by the autonomous mobile robot. This study will enable readers to identify the suitability of path planning algorithm under the working parameters, which needed to be optimized. All the techniques were tested in the real-time robotic software Player/Stage. Further analysis was done using MATLAB mathematical computation software.
A NOVEL NAVIGATION STRATEGY FOR AN UNICYCLE MOBILE ROBOT INSPIRED FROM THE DU...JaresJournal
This paper deals with the design and the implementation of a novel navigation strategy for an unicycle
mobile robot. The strategy of navigation is inspired from nature (the duck walking) in the closed loop.
Therefore, a single sensor (gyroscope) is used to determine the pose of the robot, hence the proposed name
"gyroscopic navigation". A global presentation of the novel strategy and the robot and with its different
components are given. An experimental identification for the useful parameters are then exhibited.
Moreover, the controller design strategy and the simulation results are given. Finally, real time
experiments are accomplished to valid the simulation results.
Modelling of walking humanoid robot with capability of floor detection and dy...ijfcstjournal
Most humanoid robots have highly complicated structure and design of robots that are very similar to
human is extremely difficult. In this paper, modelling of a general and comprehensive algorithm for control
of humanoid robots is presented using Colored Petri Nets. For keeping dynamic balance of the robot,
combination of Gyroscope and Accelerometer sensors are used in algorithm. Image processing is used to
identify two fundamental issues: first, detection of target or an object which robot must follow; second,
detecting surface of the ground so that walking robot could maintain its balance just like a human and
shows its best performance. Presented model gives high-level view of humanoid robot's operations.
Trajectory reconstruction for robot programming by demonstration IJECEIAES
The reproduction of hand movements by a robot remains difficult and conventional learning methods do not allow us to faithfully recreate these movements because it is very difficult when the number of crossing points is very large. Programming by Demonstration gives a better opportunity for solving this problem by tracking the user’s movements with a motion capture system and creating a robotic program to reproduce the performed tasks. This paper presents a Programming by Demonstration system in a trajectory level for the reproduction of hand/tool movement by a manipulator robot; this was realized by tracking the user’s movement with the ArToolkit and reconstructing the trajectories by using the constrained cubic spline. The results obtained with the constrained cubic spline were compared with cubic spline interpolation. Finally the obtained trajectories have been simulated in a virtual environment on the Puma 600 robot.
In this paper the process of 3D modelling from video is presented. Analysed previous research related to
this process, and specifically described algorithms for detecting and matching key points. We described
their advantages and disadvantages, and made a critical analysis of algorithms. In this paper, the three
detectors (SUSAN, Plessey and Förstner) are tested and compare. We used video taken with hand held
camera of a cube and compare these detectors on it (taking into account their parameters of accuracy and
repeatability). In conclusion, we practically made 3D model of the cube from video used these detectors in
the first step of the process and three algorithms (RANSAC, MSAC and MLESAC) for matching data.
Advances in the Solution of NS Eqs. in GPGPU Hardware. Second order scheme an...Storti Mario
A Navier-Stokes solver based on Cartesian structured finite volume
discretization with embedded bodies is presented. Fluid structure
interaction with solid bodies is performed with an explicit
partitioned strategy. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the
whole domain via a Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations
(SIMPLE) using a colocated finite volume scheme, stabilized
via the Rhie-Chow discretization. As uniform Cartesian grids are used,
the solid interface usually do not coincide with the mesh, and then a
second order Immersed Boundary Method is proposed, in order to avoid
the loss of precision due to the staircase representation of the
surface. This fact also affects the computation of fluid forces on the
solid wall and, accordingly, the results in the fluid-structure
analysis. In the present work, first and second order approximations
for computing the fluid forces at the interface are studied and
compared. The solver is specially oriented to General Purpose Graphic
Processing Units (GPGPU) hardware and the efficiency is
discussed. Moreover, a novel submerged buoy experiment is also
reported and serves to validate the presented fluid-structure
algorithm. The experiment consists of a sphere with positive buoyancy
fully submerged in a cubic tank, subject to harmonic displacements
imposed by a shake table. The sphere is attached to the bottom of
the tank with a string. Position of the buoy is determined from video
records with a Motion Capture algorithm. The obtained amplitude and
phase curves allow a precise determination of the added mass and drag
forces. Due to this aspect the experimental data can be of interest
for the validation of fluid-structure interaction codes. Finally, the
numerical results are compared with the experiments, and allows the
validation of the numerically predicted drag and added mass of the
body.
Control N degrees of freedom with a unique actuator (1DOF) by introducing noise into the others DOF through mechanical coupling, reducing the noise intensity as it get close to the target in phase-space. It is easier to build directional sensors than directional actuators. Simulated robots produce graphic patterns.
A Path Planning Technique For Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Free-Configuratio...CSCJournals
This paper presents the implementation of a novel technique for sensor based path planning of autonomous mobile robots. The proposed method is based on finding free-configuration eigen spaces (FCE) in the robot actuation area. Using the FCE technique to find optimal paths for autonomous mobile robots, the underlying hypothesis is that in the low-dimensional manifolds of laser scanning data, there lies an eigenvector which corresponds to the free-configuration space of the higher order geometric representation of the environment. The vectorial combination of all these eigenvectors at discrete time scan frames manifests a trajectory, whose sum can be treated as a robot path or trajectory. The proposed algorithm was tested on two different test bed data, real data obtained from Navlab SLAMMOT and data obtained from the real-time robotics simulation program Player/Stage. Performance analysis of FCE technique was done with existing four path planning algorithms under certain working parameters, namely computation time needed to find a solution, the distance travelled and the amount of turning required by the autonomous mobile robot. This study will enable readers to identify the suitability of path planning algorithm under the working parameters, which needed to be optimized. All the techniques were tested in the real-time robotic software Player/Stage. Further analysis was done using MATLAB mathematical computation software.
A NOVEL NAVIGATION STRATEGY FOR AN UNICYCLE MOBILE ROBOT INSPIRED FROM THE DU...JaresJournal
This paper deals with the design and the implementation of a novel navigation strategy for an unicycle
mobile robot. The strategy of navigation is inspired from nature (the duck walking) in the closed loop.
Therefore, a single sensor (gyroscope) is used to determine the pose of the robot, hence the proposed name
"gyroscopic navigation". A global presentation of the novel strategy and the robot and with its different
components are given. An experimental identification for the useful parameters are then exhibited.
Moreover, the controller design strategy and the simulation results are given. Finally, real time
experiments are accomplished to valid the simulation results.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Autonomous Path Planning and Navigation of a Mobile Robot with Multi-Sensors ...CSCJournals
The mobile robot is applied widely and investigated deeply in industrial fields, meanwhile, mobile robot autonomous path planning and navigation algorithm is a hot research topic. In this paper, firstly mobile robot is introduced, the general path planning and navigation algorithms of the mobile robot are reviewed, then a fuzzy logic with filter smoothing is proposed based on the data from the laser scan sensor and GPS module, which is useful for mobile robot to find the best path to the destination automatically according to the position and size of the gaps between the obstacles in the dynamic environment, finally our designed mobile robot and corresponding Android APP are introduced, the path planning and navigation algorithms are tested on this mobile robot, the testing result shows that this algorithm is globally optimized, quickly responded, battery power and hardware cost saved compared with other algorithms, it is suitable for the mobile robot that is running on the embedded system and it can satisfy our design requirement.
Motion planning and controlling algorithm for grasping and manipulating movin...ijscai
Many of the robotic grasping researches have been focusing on stationary objects. And for dynamic moving
objects, researchers have been using real time captured images to locate objects dynamically. However,
this approach of controlling the grasping process is quite costly, implying a lot of resources and image
processing.Therefore, it is indispensable to seek other method of simpler handling… In this paper, we are
going to detail the requirements to manipulate a humanoid robot arm with 7 degree-of-freedom to grasp
and handle any moving objects in the 3-D environment in presence or not of obstacles and without using
the cameras. We use the OpenRAVE simulation environment, as well as, a robot arm instrumented with the
Barrett hand. We also describe a randomized planning algorithm capable of planning. This algorithm is an
extent of RRT-JT that combines exploration, using a Rapidly-exploring Random Tree, with exploitation,
using Jacobian-based gradient descent, to instruct a 7-DoF WAM robotic arm, in order to grasp a moving
target, while avoiding possible encountered obstacles . We present a simulation of a scenario that starts
with tracking a moving mug then grasping it and finally placing the mug in a determined position, assuring
a maximum rate of success in a reasonable time.
GENERATION AND DEPARTABILITY OF GVG FOR CAR-LIKE ROBOTcscpconf
This paper presents an algorithm, based on conventional GVG that enables a car-like robot find a collision free path from depart configuration to some goal position in an environment
containing some convex obstacles. Prior research on GVG prescribed path for a circular robot. The circular robot is holonomic system, but this time GVG is used in nonholonomic system. The
proposed algorithm enables the car-like robot depart the GVG to the goal position with the nonholonomic path.
Obstacle detection for autonomous systems using stereoscopic images and bacte...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a low cost strategy for real-time estimation of the position of ob- stacles in an unknown environment for autonomous robots. The strategy was intended for use in autonomous service robots, which navigate in unknown and dynamic indoor environments. In addition to human interaction, these environments are characterized by a design created for the human being, which is why our developments seek morphological and functional similarity equivalent to the human model. We use a pair of cameras on our robot to achieve a stereoscopic vision of the environment, and we analyze this information to determine the distance to obstacles using an algorithm that mimics bacterial behavior. The algorithm was evaluated on our robotic platform demonstrating high performance in the location of obstacles and real-time operation.
CHANNEL ESTIMATION AND MULTIUSER DETECTION IN ASYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE COMMUNIC...ijwmn
In this paper, we propose a new method of channel estimation for asynchronous additive white Gaussian noise channels in satellite communications. This method is based on signals correlation and multiuser interference cancellation which adopts a successive structure. Propagation delays and signals amplitudes are jointly estimated in order to be used for data detection at the receiver. As, a multiuser detector, a single stage successive interference cancellation (SIC) architecture is analyzed and integrated to the channel estimation technique and the whole system is evaluated. The satellite access method adopted is the direct sequence code division multiple access (DS CDMA) one. To evaluate the channel estimation and the detection technique, we have simulated a satellite uplink with an asynchronous multiuser access.
Design and implementation of path planning algorithm for wheeled mobile robot...eSAT Journals
Abstract Path planning in mobile robots must ensure optimality of the path. The optimality achieved may be in path, time, energy consumed etc. Path planning in robots also depends on the environment in which it operates like, static or dynamic, known or unknown etc. Global path planning using A* algorithm and genetic algorithm is investigated in this paper. A known dynamic environment, in which a control station will compute the shortest path and communicate to the mobile robot and the mobile robot, will traverse through this path to reach the goal. The control station will keep track of the path traversed by the robot. The mobile robot navigates through the shortest path and if the robot detects any obstacle in the destined path, the mobile robot will update the information about the environment and this information together with the current location will be communicated to the control station. Then the control station, with the updated map of the environment and new starting location and destination recalculates the new shortest path, if any, and will communicate to the mobile robot so that it can reach the destination. The technique has been implemented and tested extensively in real-world experiments and simulation runs. The results demonstrate that the technique effectively calculates the shortest path in known dynamic environment and allows the robot to quickly accomplish the mission.
Design and implementation of path planning algorithm for wheeled mobile robot...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Slantlet transform used for faults diagnosis in robot armIJEECSIAES
The robot arm systems are the most target systems in the fields of faults detection and diagnosis which are electrical and the mechanical systems in many fields. Fault detection and diagnosis study is presented for two robot arms. The disturbance due to the faults at robot's joints causes oscillations at the tip of the robot arm. The acceleration in multi-direction is analysed to extract the features of the faults. Simulations for planar and space robots are presented. Two types of feature (faults) detection methods are used in this paper. The first one is the discrete wavelet transform, which is applied in many research's works before. The second type, is the Slantlet transform, which represents an improved model of the discrete wavelet transform. The multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network is used for the purpose of faults allocation and classification. According to the obtained results, the Slantlet transform with the multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network appear to possess best performance (4.7088e-05), lower consuming time (71.017308 sec) and higher accuracy (100%) than the results obtained when applying discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural network for the same purpose.
Slantlet transform used for faults diagnosis in robot armnooriasukmaningtyas
The robot arm systems are the most target systems in the fields of faults detection and diagnosis which are electrical and the mechanical systems in many fields. Fault detection and diagnosis study is presented for two robot arms. The disturbance due to the faults at robot's joints causes oscillations at the tip of the robot arm. The acceleration in multi-direction is analysed to extract the features of the faults. Simulations for planar and space robots are presented. Two types of feature (faults) detection methods are used in this paper. The first one is the discrete wavelet transform, which is applied in many research's works before. The second type, is the Slantlet transform, which represents an improved model of the discrete wavelet transform. The multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network is used for the purpose of faults allocation and classification. According to the obtained results, the Slantlet transform with the multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network appear to possess best performance (4.7088e-05), lower consuming time
(71.017308 sec) and higher accuracy (100%) than the results obtained when applying discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural network for the same purpose.
In order to achieve the wide range of the robotic application it is necessary to provide iterative motions
among points of the goals. For instance, in the industry mobile robots can replace any components between
a storehouse and an assembly department. Ammunition replacement is widely used in military services.
Working place is possible in ports, airports, waste site and etc. Mobile agents can be used for monitoring if
it is necessary to observe control points in the secret place. The paper deals with path planning programme
for mobile robots. The aim of the research paper is to analyse motion-planning algorithms that contain the
design of modelling programme. The programme is needed as environment modelling to obtain the
simulation data. The simulation data give the possibility to conduct the wide analyses for selected
algorithm. Analysis means the simulation data interpretation and comparison with other data obtained
using the motion-planning. The results of the careful analysis were considered for optimal path planning
algorithms. The experimental evidence was proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for
steady covered space. The results described in this work can be extended in a number of directions, and
applied to other algorithms.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle recognition using laser sensor
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 9, No. 3, June 2019, pp. 1773∼1779
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1773-1779 Ì 1773
Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle
recognition using laser sensor
Neerendra Kumar1
, Zoltán Vámossy2
1,2
John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Hungary
1
Department of Computer Science & IT, Central University of Jammu, India
Article Info
Article history:
Received Jun 5, 2018
Revised Nov 19, 2018
Accepted Des 15, 2018
Keywords:
Laser scan
Obstacle avoidance
Obstacle recognition
Robot navigation
Turtlebot
ABSTRACT
Robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments may result in aimless wan-
dering, corner traps and repetitive path loops. To address these issues, this paper
presents the solution by comparing the standard deviation of the distance ranges of the
obstacles appeared in the robot navigation path. For the similar obstacles, The standard
deviations of distance range vectors, obtained from the laser range finder sensor of the
robot at similar pose, are very close to each other. Therefore, the measurements of
odometer sensor are also combined with the standard deviation to recognize the loca-
tion of the obstacles. A novel algorithm, with obstacle detection feature, is presented
for robot navigation in unknown and dynamic environments. The algorithm checks
the similarity of the distance range vectors of the obstacles in the path and uses this
information in combination with the odometer measurements to identify the obstacles
and their locations. The experimental work is carried out using Gazebo simulator.
Copyright c 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Neerendra Kumar,
John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University,
Bécsi út 96/b, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary.
Email: neerendra.kumar@phd.uni-obuda.hu
1. INTRODUCTION
Autonomous navigation of robots is gaining popularity among the researchers day by day. Regardless
of the uncertainties in the sensors observations, robot may navigate safely from start to goal [1]. Using range
finder sensors (e.g. laser scan sensors), the robot can navigate from start to goal with obstacle avoidance in
unknown and dynamic environments environment [2]. The obstacle size and velocity vector of the unmanned
surface vehicles can be used to achieve the obstacle avoidance. Moreover, fusion of more than one navigation
algorithms can result more accurate outcomes [3]. Various requirements of obstacle avoidance can be satisfied
for the changing distance between robot and the obstacles [4]. The issue of obstacle avoidance is treated as
an optimization problem in [5]. On the unmarked path, dynamic colour perception model for the autonomous
navigation is explained in [6]. Nevertheless, this model is not suitable for the laser range finder sensors. The
complexity of the object matching task rises for similar objects [7]. Previous experiences during the robot
navigation are helpful to predict the path with obstacle avoidance of static and dynamic obstacles [8]. Tool
based learning for robots is presented by [9]. In case of industrial robots, an algorithm for condition monitoring
using artificial intelligence is studied in [10]. An algorithm for obstacles avoidance in unknown environment
using bumper events of the robot is proposed in [11]. However, the algorithm presented in [11] has the limitation
that the robot may struck in the corners and may follow the same loop of the path again and again. A fuzzy
controller for obstacle avoidance in unknown environment is presented in [12]. Although, the fuzzy rules, for
the obstacles in the central part of the laser scan area, are right or left biased. Therefore, the robot may trap in a
repetitive navigation path loop in some situations. In this paper, the scan range vectors are compared to detect
the previously occurred obstacles on the same locations of the navigation path.
Journal homepage: http://iaescore.com/journals/index.php/IJECE
2. 1774 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
2. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND PROPOSED ALGORITHM
During robot navigation in unknown environment, the robot may trap in a loop and may repeat the
same path again and again. This may be due to the presence of static or dynamic obstacles. To deal with this
type of problem, there is a need to find a method which can recognize the previously occurred obstacles in
successive repetition of the path. So that, the robot can be directed to reverse the angular velocity applied so
far. In this way, the robot will come out of the repetitive navigation path loop.
Algorithm 1 Obstacle recognition using laser sensor and odometer
1: Create vectors: U, V, X, Y, T, S;
2: Initialize: Rmax, g, Dt, c, Ts, Tf , σt, Pt, vc, ωc, vb;
3: while (Time < Tf ) do
4: R ← scan ranges received;
5: for i ← 1 to length of R do
6: if R(i) == NaN then
7: R(i) ← Rmax;
8: end if
9: end for
10: g ← g + 1;
11: Collect odometer readings at the time of scan;
X(g) ← X coordinate from odometer;
Y(g) ← Y coordinate from odometer;
12: Dmin ← minimum of R;
13: if Dmin < Dt then
14: c ← c + 1;
15: σ ← standard deviation of R;
16: S(c) ← σ;
17: U(c) ← X coordinate from odometer;
18: V(c) ← Y coordinate from odometer;
19: T(c) ← time of scan;
20: for j ← 1 to (length of S − 1) do
21: Dj,c ← (U(c) − U(j))2 + (V(c) − V(j))2 ;
22: σr ← |(S(c) − S(j))|;
23: if (σr < σt and Dj,c < Pt) then
24: Match found between scans j and c.
Record corresponding scan times and positions of robot with respect to j and
c.;
25: end if
26: end for
27: v ← −|vb|;
28: ω ← ωc;
29: else
30: v ← vc;
31: ω ← 0;
32: end if
33: Send v, ω to robot;
34: end while
The laser scanning is a reliable method for obstacles range finding. Generally, the laser scanner
produces a vector of ranges (R) of obstacles. If there are n number of readings in a scan then R can be
expressed by (1) as follows:
R = [dk], for k = 1 to n. (1)
Where, d is a distance range.
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 3, June 2019 : 1773 – 1779
3. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 Ì 1775
Standard deviation (σ) of R can be expressed by (2) as given below:
σ =
n
k (dk − d)2
n
. (2)
Where, d is the mean of R.
Standard deviations of two range vectors can be compared to find the similarity between them. If
the standard deviations of the two scan range vectors are close enough then there is the possibility that these
scans belongs to the same obstacle. Further, the standard deviation in combination of the robot position coor-
dinates can be used to confirm that the scan ranges belongs to the same obstacle. To achieve this solution, the
Algorithm 1 is presented.
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proposed Algorithm 1 is implemented using a notebook computer equipped with 4xIntel Core
i3 CPU @ 230 GHz. The memory of the system is 3952MB. Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS operating system is used.
Robotics System Toolbox The memory of the system is 3952MB. Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS operating system is used.
Robotics System Toolbox in MATLAB (R2018a) is applied for computer programs. Simulated Turtlebot robot
model is taken in Gazebo 2.2.6 simulator. The numerical values of the variables, initialized in Algorithm 1, are
presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Description of variables and initialized values
Variable Description Initialized Value
Rmax Maximum range of the laser scanner Default
g a counter variable 0
Dt Threshold distance of robot and obstacles 0.6 (meter)
c a counter variable 0
Ts Starting time 0
Tf Finish time 80 (seconds)
σt Threshold difference between σ of two scans 0.0005
Pt Threshold distance between two positions 0.2 (meter)
vc Forward linear velocity 0.5 (meter/sec.)
ωc Angular velocity −0.6 (radian/sec.)
vb Backward linear velocity −0.02 (meter/sec.)
v Published linear velocity -
ω Published angular velocity -
U X coordinates of poses when obstacles are near -
V Y coordinates of poses when obstacles are near -
X X coordinates of all poses -
Y Y coordinates of all poses -
T Time at scans performed -
S
Standard deviations
scan range vectors
-
The robot is driven, using Algorithm 1, in the Gazebo world as given by Figure 1. In the beginning,
in Figure 1, the Turtlebot is located at the centre of the world and heading towards positive X axis. In Figure 1,
coordinate axes and their measurement marker are added to provide the understanding of the coordinate po-
sitions in the Gazebo world. The Gazebo world is constructed by using brick boxes of the dimensions 3x1x3
from the model database of the Gazebo simulator. Purposely, The Gazebo world is constructed using only one
model so that the same type of obstacle encountered each time to increase the complexity in differentiating the
obstacles and their respective locations. In addition, the maze structure is kept closed so that the robot can be
forced to follow a repeated path in a loop. The Gazebo world and the simulated Turtlebot can be brought up in
the system by executing the following command in a terminal of Ubuntu:
Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle recognition using laser sensor (Neerendra Kumar)
4. 1776 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
roslaunch turtlebot_gazebo turtlebot_world.launch world_file:=file name
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
X (meters)
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Y(meters)
Figure 1. Simulated world in Gazebo.
Robot is driven at a constant forward linear velocity and zero angular velocity until any closed obstacle
is encountered. In this navigation process, if any obstacle is closed enough to the robot then a backward linear
velocity and a constant non zero angular velocity is provided to the robot. Using Algorithm 1, the robot
navigates in a path loop. Figure 2 shows the resultant path of the robot. It is clear from Figure 2 that robot is
driven in a navigation loop so that it can observe the same obstacles more than once. During the navigation
process, the obstacles distances are measured by laser scan ranges. For Turtlebot, a laser scan message contains
a vector of 640 range readings of the scan area from right to left. If robot pose is same, each time, the laser scan
of an obstacle produces same vector of ranges. To find the similarity between two vectors of ranges, standard
deviations of the two vectors are compared.
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
X (meters)
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Y(meters)
Robot navigation path
Robot positions
Figure 2. Robot path generated from odometer measurements.
Figure 3 presents the standard deviations of the range vectors of different scans performed during the
navigation of the robot. Figure 3 depicts that there are periodic spikes which are due to the similarity of the
obstacles and repetitive path loop. Further, the pattern of the graph in the periods is found very similar to each
other because of the similarity of the obstacles. Subsequently, it can be inferred that the standard deviations
of the similar obstacles are observed close to each other. However, in addition to the standard deviation, the
odometer measurements, for the robot locations during the navigation, are used to determine the location of the
obstacles. Further, on the basis of the standard deviations and odometer measurements, it can not be identified
that either the obstacle was visited by the robot previously or the obstacle is encountered first time during the
navigation. For this reason, there is the need for additional method to recognize that whether any particular
obstacle is found first time or it is repeated. The occurrence number (i.e. first time encountered or repeated) of
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 3, June 2019 : 1773 – 1779
5. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 Ì 1777
an obstacle can be described on the basis of the time of the scan. Obviously, the standard deviations and robot
positions of two nearby scans at very short time of difference will not vary largely. On the other hand, if the
standard deviations of the distance range vectors of any two scans and the robot positions received from the
odometer at the time of scans are very close to each for both of the scans and the time difference between the
two scans is large than a threshold value then it can be said that the obstacle is same and the occurrence of this
obstacle is the repeated one.
0 50 100 150 200
Scan number
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
Standarddeviation(meters)
Standard deviation of scans
Figure 3. Standard deviation of scan ranges.
Table 2 presents the positions of the robot and their corresponding times with respect to scan range
matches. It can be observed from the Table 2 that using standard deviations and robot positions the similarity
between the two scan range vectors are found either at times with short difference or at times where the time
interval is larger. The matches at short and large time intervals indicates about the occurrence time of the
obstacles. For example, the first row of Table 2 indicates that the match between the range vectors is found at
the scan times 10.23 (seconds) and 10.46 (seconds). Thus, the time interval (Time2 − Time1) between these
scans is less than a second. Keeping in mind the forward linear velocity of the robot (i.e. 0.5 meter/seconds),
it is clear that the scans were performed at nearly same time therefore the match is found between the first
appearance of the obstacle and this is not the case of repetition. Similarly, the last row of the Table 2 presents
the time interval between the scans as 34.57 (seconds). Therefore, on the basis of robot’s linear and angular
velocities it can be deduced that the occurrence of the obstacle at Time2 (at last row) is repeated in navigation
path loop.
Table 2. Laser scan range vectors matches and robot positions
Time1 (Sec.) Time2 (Sec.) Scan Numbers Matched Robot Position at Time1 Robot Position at Time2
10.23 10.46 35, 37 (1.59, -1.11) (1.59, -1.11)
19.08 21.28 48, 63 (-1.66, -0.99) (-1.67, -0.93)
21.73 21.84 64, 65 (-1.69, -0.86) (-1.70, -0.81)
26.32 26.44 69, 70 (-1.64, 1.05) (-1.64, 1.05)
28.68 28.8 85, 86 (-1.60, 1.05) (-1.55, 1.06)
37.62 38.64 95, 103 (1.59, 1.01) (1.57, 1.02)
37.17 39.66 92, 107 (1.59, 1.01) (1.61, 0.89)
9.68 44.91 31, 113 (1.59, -1.12) (1.51, -1.07)
9.68 45.13 31, 115 (1.59, -1.12) (1.51, -1.08)
10.56 45.13 38, 115 (1.60, -1.11) (1.51, -1.08)
Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle recognition using laser sensor (Neerendra Kumar)
6. 1778 Ì ISSN: 2088-8708
4. CONCLUSION
Using the standard deviation of laser scan range vectors, the similarity of obstacles is examined in
unknown environment. In addition to the standard deviation, the robot position is also used to identify whether
the obstacle position is same as of some earlier position during the navigation path loop. It is evident from the
Table 2 that the matches between scan range vectors are found at the closed positions of the robot in each round
of the navigation loop. Time interval between the scans plays an important role in the detection of the repetitive
occurrences of the obstacles. Using the standard deviation of laser scan range vectors, robot positions and time
of scan, the angular velocity can be reversed to break the path loop.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study is inspired by the TekiControl research project of John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics,
Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 3, June 2019 : 1773 – 1779
7. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 Ì 1779
BIOGRAPHY OF AUTHORS
Neerendra Kumar is Assistant Professor at Department of Computer Science and IT, Central
University of Jammu, India. His teaching interest are in Artificial intelligence, Programming
languages, Algorithm analysis and Robotics. He has received Stipendium Hungaricum Schol-
arship award in 2015 for the duration of three years. He is doing his PhD studies at John von
Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary. His research area is
robot navigation. His Scopus and ORCID IDs are 57190585849 and 0000-0002-6609-8974,
respectively.
The detailed information can be accessed on the following URL:
http://cujammu.ac.in//5084/5084_media/nareendra.pdf
Zoltán Vámossy is Associate Professor at John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Óbuda
University, Budapest, Hungary. He has completed his PhD from Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Hungary in 2010. The area of his PhD studies include Navigating
mobile robots with machine vision based on PAL optics. His current research interests are
focused on mobile robotics, robot navigation, image processing and computer vision. He
has received various awards including the János Neumann Award (János Neumann Computer
Science Association) in 2016.
For Further information please visit the URL: http://uni-obuda.hu/en/node/701
Robot navigation in unknown environment with obstacle recognition using laser sensor (Neerendra Kumar)