Road defects can be categorized as cracks, deterioration, or disintegration. Cracks include longitudinal, transverse, edge, and reflective cracks and are caused by repeated traffic loading, thermal expansion and contraction, poor drainage, or movement across underlying cracks. Deterioration includes potholes, ravelling, and stripping. Potholes are bowl-shaped holes caused by fatigue cracking, while ravelling and stripping are the repetitive disintegration of asphalt layers. Rectification methods include crack filling, removing and replacing defective sections, overlaying fresh asphalt, and patching.

1. ROAD DEFECTS
Training Presentation 2022

2. Categories:-
Cracks Deterioration
Longitudinal cracks Potholes ravelling
Transverse cracks Stripping
Edge cracking Ravelling
Reflective cracking

3. Cracks
- Run parallel to the center line of roadway
- Cracks in asphalt layers caused by
repeated traffic loadings
- Result of age, excessive use, lack of
proper maintenance, improper
construction
Rectification method:-
- Large cracks need to remove and
replacement of the surface defect portion
- Small cracks can be seal or patch to
prevent water infiltrate into the subgrade
through the cracks
Longitudinal cracking

4. Cracks
- Occurs perpendicular to pavement center
line
- Often caused by thermal
expansion/contraction
- Can be rectified with crack filling, remove
& replace full depth, thick overlay
Transverse/thermal cracking

5. Cracks
- Occurs along the inside edge of a
pavement surface
- Caused by poor drainage condition and
lack of support at the pavement edge
- Can be solved by filling/seal the cracks to
prevent further deterioration
Edge cracking

6. Cracks
- Caused by differential movement across
underlaying cracks / joint.
- These cracks can be found in flexible
pavement overlay over rigid pavement
(asphalt over concrete)
- Can be solved by filling/seal the cracks to
prevent further deterioration
Reflective cracking

7. Disintegration
- The shape of the bowl with small to large
sizes that penetrate all the way through
the premix layer down to the base course
- Potholes are the end result of fatigue
cracking
- Potholes will be rectified by patchwork
Potholes

8. Disintegration
- The repetitive disintegration of
an premix layer from the surface and
progresses downward as a result of the
dislodgement of aggregate particles
- Can be fix by overlay the raveling premix
with the fresh premix
Ravelling

9. Disintegration
- The loss of bond between aggregates
and asphalt binder that typically begins at
the bottom of the premix layer and
progresses upward
- Scrap off the affected area and redo
premix
Stripping
Core hole showing
the stripping at the
bottom

10. Thank you