Different methods of construction of pavement is explained

1. CONSTRUCTION
OF
PAVEMENT

2. INDEX
I. INTRODUCTION
II. TYPES OF PAVEMENT
III. COMPONENTS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
IV. COMPONENTS OF RIGID PAVEMENT
V. CONSTRUCTION METHODS
VI. CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
i. Using group index method
ii. California Bearing Ratio Method
VII. CONSTRUCTION OF RIGID PAVEMENT
i. Slip form paver
ii. Fixed form paver
iii. Fixed form and labour oriented method of paving

3. INTRODUCTION
 PAVEMENT-
Pavement is a load bearing and load distributery
component of a road
 PURPOSE OF PAVEMENT
1. Load support.
2. Smoothness.
3. Drainage.
4. All weather operation.
5. Direction and guidance.

4. TYPES OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURE
1. Flexible Pavement. (Hot mix asphalt(HMA) pavements)
2. Rigid Pavement. (portland cement concrete(PCC)
, pavements)

5. COMPONENTS OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT.
1. Soil subgrade.
2. Sub base course.
3. Base course.
4. Surface course.

6. COMPONENTS OF RIGID PAVEMENT
1. Prepared soil subgrade.
2. Granular sub-base (GSB) or drainage layer.
3. Base course/ (DLC-Dry lean concrete).
4. CC pavement slab using PQC (paving quality concrete).

7. BASIC COMPONENTS OF RIGID PAVEMENT

8. CONSTRUCTION METHODS
A. CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
1. Using Group Index Method
 The structure is planned so that each layer including materials
gets load from the upper layer and gives the heap to the
following layer. Along these lines the heap in various layers is
diminished all things considered.
 The structure is made so that the greatest burden bearing layer
(for example the top layer) will involve the most costly
materials and the least burden bearing layer (for example the
lower/base layers) would be comprised of the most affordable
materials.

9.  Thusly, the thickness of layers would shift with CBR of soil and
it would influence the expense of the pavement. The
accompanying sub-segments portray the different factors and
parameters engaged with structure of flexible pavement of street
according to Indian Roads Congress (IRC) 372001.
 Group Index is function of percentage material passing 200 mesh
sieves (0.074mm), liquid limit and plasticity index of soil and is
given by equation:
 GI = 0.2a+0.005ac+0.01bd
2. California Bearing Ratio Method
 Hakeem and Carmany in 1948 gave plan strategy dependent on
stabile-meter R-esteem and cohesion-meter Computedesteem.
 In light of execution information it was built up by Hakeem and
Carmany that pavements thickness shifts legitimately with R
worth and logarithm of burden redundancies.

10.  It changes conversely with fifth foundation of Computer esteem.
 The articulation for pavement thickness is given by the
observational condition.
 T= K(TI)(90-R)/C1/5
B. CONSTRUCTION OF RIGID PAVEMENT
1. Slip form paver
• The slip form paving train spreads ,compacts and finishes the
concrete in a continuous operation, by internal vibration and
shape it between the side forms with either a conforming plate
or by vibrating and oscillating finishing beams.
• The concrete gets deposited without segregation in front of slip
form paver across the whole width and to a height which at all
times is in excess of the required surcharge.
• The deposited concrete is struck off to the necessary average
and differential surcharge by means of the strike off plate
extending across the whole width of the slab

11.  The alignment of the paver shall be controlled automatically from
the guide wire with vertical tolerance of +/- 2mm, and lateral
tolerance +/- 10mm
 Paver moves forward at a speed of 1.5m per minute and
concreting ,compaction, floating and finishing are completed. As
stiff mix is fed into machine ,paver moves forward, edges of slip
formed slab remains in position and does not slump.
 Surface is textured using rectangular steel wire brush
 Then resin based aluminized liquid is sprayed on surface and
sides and left to cure for 8 to 12 hours.
 Contraction and longitudinal joints are cut and marked.
 Curing is further carried by covering pavement surface and sides
by 2 to 3 layers of moist hessian for about 3 hours. The hessian is
kept moist for a minimum curing period of 14 days.

12. Slip form paver

13. 2. Fixed form paver
 The fixed form paving train shall consist of separate
powered machines which spread, compact and finish
the concrete in a continuous operation.
 The concrete is discharged without segregation into a
hopper spreader which is equipped with means for
controlling its rate of deposition on to the sub- base.
 The spreader is operated to strike off concrete up to a
level requiring a small amount of cutting down by the
distributor of the spreader.
 The distributor of the spreader strikes off the concrete
to the surcharge adaquate to ensure that the vibratory
compactor thoroughly compacts the layer, if necessary
poker vibraters shall be used adjacent to the side forms
and edges of the previously constructed slab.

14.  The vibratory compactor is set to strike off the surface
slightly high so that it is cut down to the required level
by the oscillating beam.
 The machine rapidly adjusts changes in average and
differential surcharge necessitated by changes in slab
thickness or cross fall.
 The final finisher finishes the surface to the required
level and smoothness as specified, care being taken to
avoid bringing up of excessive mortar to the surface by
over working.
 Narrow grooves of specified width and depth are cut
using diamond saw machine to provide transverse
contraction joints and longitudinal joints.
 Further curing is done for minimum curing period of 14

15. Fixed form paver

16. 3. Fixed form and labour oriented method of paving
 This method is used when CC pavements is to be
constructed in short stretches of narrow road using small
machinery.
 Steel side forms are fixed in position and exact position of
dowel and tie bars marked.
 Concrete is placed between side forms with surcharge and
compaction and levelling is done by vibrating screeds
resting on side forms.
 Irregularities are corrected by adding or removing
concrete, followed by compaction and finishing.
 Then surface is textured manually using steel brush with
long handle. Curing compound is sprayed by hand using a
pressure sprayer.

17.  After cc is set, side forms are removed and shifted
forward, curing compound is applied on sides of
slab. Location of contraction and longitudinal joints
are cut and marked.
 Further curing is done for minimum curing period
of 14 days.

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