These Act enacted to make the activities about disaster management coordinated, objective oriented and strengthened and to formulate rules to build up infrastructure of effective disaster management to fight all types of disasters
Earthquake and Bangladesh:
Overview of Earthquake
Earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake probability in Bangladesh
Causes of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk in Dhaka
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk mitigation in Bangladesh
Conclusion
Shaking of the earth caused by the sudden displacement of rock blocks along plate boundaries and faults.
Reasons can be natural or human activities. The most common scale used for measuring an earthquake is Richter Scale.
Earthquakes have secondary hazards like flood, landslides, fire, Tsunamis, Liquefaction etc.
Due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Okinawa plate and Amurian plate, Japan has observed a series of several high-intensity earthquakes.
Death tolls from major event sighted as 255,000 at Tangshan in China 1976.
By its geographical position, Bangladesh is being treated as one very vulnerable country with its high risk of earthquake attack.
Bangladesh is located in a tectonically active much of the country including Chittagong, Sylhet, Dhaka, Rangpur, Bogra, Mymensingh, Comilla, Rajshahi are very much vulnerable to major earthquake disaster.
Bangladesh can be divided into three main earthquake zones:
Zone-1: Sylhet-Mymensingh is with the possible magnitude of 7 on Richter scale.
Zone-2: Chittagong-Comilla-Dhaka and Tangail are with the possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Zone-3: Rest of the country is with possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh:
Water supply failure as almost all the deep tube wells are run by power, and possible water line damage
Damage of roads and blockage of traffic due to falling of debris from collapsed buildings and other installations on or near roads.
Some of the hospital buildings may collapse killing a large number of inmates and stopping medical facilities for the disaster victims.
Some of the school building may collapse killing and injuring a large number of students
An after shock may cause further collapse of many of the already damaged buildings.
A few rescue equipment whatever is available, can not be operated due to the lack of guidance, availability of operators, some will be non-functional, some will be under the rubbles, some can not find access to rescue spots due to road blockage, etc.
Disaster Management in Bangladesh: Risk Reduction and ChallengesSajid Karim
Presentation will address the following
Disaster Vulnerability of Bangladesh
Disaster Management Mechanism in Bangladesh
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies of Bangladesh
Challenges and Recommendations
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Natural Hazard is a common phenomena of Bangladesh which makes visit here every year. It contains a detail study about the natural hazards of Bangladesh with its seasonal distribution, causes, effects and necessary maps. An extended Hazard Calendar has been added here.
These Act enacted to make the activities about disaster management coordinated, objective oriented and strengthened and to formulate rules to build up infrastructure of effective disaster management to fight all types of disasters
Earthquake and Bangladesh:
Overview of Earthquake
Earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake probability in Bangladesh
Causes of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk in Dhaka
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh
Earthquake risk mitigation in Bangladesh
Conclusion
Shaking of the earth caused by the sudden displacement of rock blocks along plate boundaries and faults.
Reasons can be natural or human activities. The most common scale used for measuring an earthquake is Richter Scale.
Earthquakes have secondary hazards like flood, landslides, fire, Tsunamis, Liquefaction etc.
Due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Okinawa plate and Amurian plate, Japan has observed a series of several high-intensity earthquakes.
Death tolls from major event sighted as 255,000 at Tangshan in China 1976.
By its geographical position, Bangladesh is being treated as one very vulnerable country with its high risk of earthquake attack.
Bangladesh is located in a tectonically active much of the country including Chittagong, Sylhet, Dhaka, Rangpur, Bogra, Mymensingh, Comilla, Rajshahi are very much vulnerable to major earthquake disaster.
Bangladesh can be divided into three main earthquake zones:
Zone-1: Sylhet-Mymensingh is with the possible magnitude of 7 on Richter scale.
Zone-2: Chittagong-Comilla-Dhaka and Tangail are with the possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Zone-3: Rest of the country is with possible magnitude of 6 on Richter scale.
Effects of earthquake in Bangladesh:
Water supply failure as almost all the deep tube wells are run by power, and possible water line damage
Damage of roads and blockage of traffic due to falling of debris from collapsed buildings and other installations on or near roads.
Some of the hospital buildings may collapse killing a large number of inmates and stopping medical facilities for the disaster victims.
Some of the school building may collapse killing and injuring a large number of students
An after shock may cause further collapse of many of the already damaged buildings.
A few rescue equipment whatever is available, can not be operated due to the lack of guidance, availability of operators, some will be non-functional, some will be under the rubbles, some can not find access to rescue spots due to road blockage, etc.
Disaster Management in Bangladesh: Risk Reduction and ChallengesSajid Karim
Presentation will address the following
Disaster Vulnerability of Bangladesh
Disaster Management Mechanism in Bangladesh
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies of Bangladesh
Challenges and Recommendations
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Natural Hazard is a common phenomena of Bangladesh which makes visit here every year. It contains a detail study about the natural hazards of Bangladesh with its seasonal distribution, causes, effects and necessary maps. An extended Hazard Calendar has been added here.
Disaster risk reduction practices in bangladeshJahangir Alam
Bangladesh
DRR concept
Evolving Paradigms of DM
Actions and Strategies on DRR
Working with Community
Gaps, Concerns, Limitations & Challenges
Learning and Observation
Step Forward
DP ?New generation DRR Practitioner
GANDHI? Conclusion
Bangladesh:
B-Bay of Bengal
A- Agriculture
N-NGOs
G-Garments and GB
L-Land of Rivers
A-Adaptability
D-Disasters, DM, Democracy
E-Emergency
S-SAARC
H-High: Population growth, Vulnerabilities
Introduction to natural hazard and disaster management Jahangir Alam
The earth indeed a hazardous planet
There are 516 active volcanoes with an eruption every 15 days (on average)
Global monitors record approximately 2000 earth tremors everyday
There are approximately 2 earthquakes per day of sufficient strength to cause damage to homes and buildings, with severe damage occurring 15 to 20 times per year.
There are 1800 thunderstorms at any given time across the earth surface; lightening strikes 100 times every second.
On average there 4 to 5 tornadoes per day or 600 1000 per year.
NATURAL HAZARDS: SOME FACTS & STATISTICS
Environmental or Natural Hazards/Disasters generally refers to geophysical events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, drought, flooding, cyclone, lightening etc., that can potentially cause large scale economic damage and physical injury or death. Environmental hazards are sometimes known as ‘Act of God.’
Flood- a natural disaster.. (2019 karnataka flood)DarshanGhanathe
This slides not for prsentation, this slides because for my state.
flood situations during Agust 2019 1st week to September 2019 1st week.
i just want to thanks for all helping hand.
jai hind.
jai karnatka.
You can contact me for PPT Help minmume charges will apply. Mail ID: hgdarshankumar@gmail.com
Disaster risk reduction practices in bangladeshJahangir Alam
Bangladesh
DRR concept
Evolving Paradigms of DM
Actions and Strategies on DRR
Working with Community
Gaps, Concerns, Limitations & Challenges
Learning and Observation
Step Forward
DP ?New generation DRR Practitioner
GANDHI? Conclusion
Bangladesh:
B-Bay of Bengal
A- Agriculture
N-NGOs
G-Garments and GB
L-Land of Rivers
A-Adaptability
D-Disasters, DM, Democracy
E-Emergency
S-SAARC
H-High: Population growth, Vulnerabilities
Introduction to natural hazard and disaster management Jahangir Alam
The earth indeed a hazardous planet
There are 516 active volcanoes with an eruption every 15 days (on average)
Global monitors record approximately 2000 earth tremors everyday
There are approximately 2 earthquakes per day of sufficient strength to cause damage to homes and buildings, with severe damage occurring 15 to 20 times per year.
There are 1800 thunderstorms at any given time across the earth surface; lightening strikes 100 times every second.
On average there 4 to 5 tornadoes per day or 600 1000 per year.
NATURAL HAZARDS: SOME FACTS & STATISTICS
Environmental or Natural Hazards/Disasters generally refers to geophysical events such as earthquakes, volcanoes, drought, flooding, cyclone, lightening etc., that can potentially cause large scale economic damage and physical injury or death. Environmental hazards are sometimes known as ‘Act of God.’
Flood- a natural disaster.. (2019 karnataka flood)DarshanGhanathe
This slides not for prsentation, this slides because for my state.
flood situations during Agust 2019 1st week to September 2019 1st week.
i just want to thanks for all helping hand.
jai hind.
jai karnatka.
You can contact me for PPT Help minmume charges will apply. Mail ID: hgdarshankumar@gmail.com
This PowerPoint presentation is made to elaborately explain the key elements of disaster management.It includes highlighted points and has all the necessary information and documents.
Assessing the effects of land-use change on agrobiodiversityHelga Gruberg Cazon
Poster
The aim of the project “Assessing the effects of land-use change on agrobiodiversity” was to develop a framework for assessing the effects of land use change on agrobiodiversity and to build the evidence base for land-use strategies that favour the maintenance and use of agrobiodiversity. Young researchers from eight countries participated in the project. This poster represents the Bolivian case.
Detail discussion on Drought with it's causes and effect and predictions. Which can be helpful to student to make their own presentation and reading Purpose.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
3. PRESENTATION ON
Riverine Disaster: Indigenous Coping Mechanism and Vulnerability
Reduction Method of Flood & Riverbank Erosion and Difference between
Flood & Riverbank Erosion
4. Outline
About riverine Disaster
Coping Mechanism
Vulnerability Reduction method
Flood
River bank erosion
Differences between Flood and River bank
erosion
Recommendations
5. Riverine
disasters
Riverine means relating to or
situated on a river or riverbank.
So that Riverine disasters Implies
that disasters relating to or
situated on a river or riverbank.
6. Flood
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is
usually dry.
A flood occurs when the Geomorphic Equilibrium in the river
system is disturbed because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors or
when a system crosses the Geomorphic threshold.
a) Flooding in a river due to aggradation of river bed
(intrinsic)
b) Flooding in a river due to heavy rainfall (extrinsic)
Floods in major cities especially during rainy season are
proving to disastrous not only to environment but also have
serious implications for human life and property.
7. River Bank Erosion
Bank erosion is the wearing away of the banks of a stream or river.
Bank erosion occurs through two dominant processes:
01
Hydraulic Action
Or Fluvial Erosion
02
Mass Failure
8. Hydraulic Action
Fluvial erosion or hydraulic action is the direct removal of soil particles by
flowing water.
Hydraulic processes at or below the water surface entrain sediment and
directly contribute to erosion, particularly of non-cohesive banks, by
processes of bank undercutting, bed degradation, and basal cleanout.
Undercutting Bed Degradation Basal Clean Out
9. Mass Failure
• Mass failure occurs when the weight of a stream bank is greater than the
strength of the soil, causing the bank to collapse. This process is dependent
upon a number of factors including the internal strength of the soil (e.g.
clay vs. sand), soil-water content, and vegetation.
Cohesive Mass wasting
Mass wasting event caused by a drop-in river stage or a rise of the water
10.
11. Indigenous
Coping
Mechanism
The application of indigenous or
local knowledge in the face of
hazards and other threats is
generally referred to as a
traditional ‘coping mechanism’
or ‘coping strategy’.
12. Coping Strategy to Flood & River Bank Erosion Applying Indigenous
Knowledge
13. Pre-Disaster Preparedness
applying Indigenous Knowledge
RAISING PLINTH OF THE HOUSE
The houses in the areas are always over
flooded by the water, so the community
people adopt ‘raising plinth’ mechanisms
for the protection of homesteads.
Protecting Homestead
14. Protecting the superior
mud in the homestead
from washing away
becomes the next
challenge, which is
commonly solved by
planting of dhol-kolmi
(local vegetation) and
banana tree.
15. MAKING SCAFFOLD IN THE HOUSE
During flood, the local people try to set up strong pillars
and scaffold for their houses. This is a common
preparation strategy of the people for upcoming flood.
The method is easy and safer for emergent period for
shelter.
Raising tube well for pure drinking water
With the protection of plinth, many cautions and
financially solvent people buy extra pipe to raise the tube-
well base above flood level to ensure fresh source of
water
16. Protecting livestock
Protection of livestock is thus a crucial preventive strategy used by the local people.
Depending on affordability they
Elevate cattle sheds
Store fodder
Vaccinate their cows in advance.
18. Seeding should be transplanted in higher quantities since they get
damages by the flood
Few farmers also preserve seeds in advance, so that even if the flood
destroys the expected production, they still get a chance for re-sowing
seeds, if time permits.
Depending on the land type, flood tolerant alternative crops can be
grown.
Submerged tolerant
rice variety by IRRI
19. Prior to floods, and during riverbank erosion people try to store dry
food that does not need to be cooked, such as chira (flattened rice),
muri (puffed rice), gur (molasses).
Making movable chula (alga chula)
Storing food, fuel and
preparing portable
stove
20. FUEL PRESERVATION:
preserve the fuels like jute sticks,
sticks with cow dung, dried shrubs
and whatever they use for cooking in
the time of crisis.
21. • MAKING GHUCHI
• shidol
• Dry fish
• Dry meat
• For cooking purposes, they preserve rice, peas etc. as back up.
22. For communication purposes, people also
build locally developed bridges called shako.
Those who can afford buy boats beforehand
or start repairing old ones
Few people also plant Banana trees which can prove useful during flood.
People use these trees for making rafts which serve both as transport and as
shelter during floods.
Emergency communication and
transportation
23. During flood they suffered from fever, cold, diarrhea. They stored some
medicine, saline considering the flood situation. They apply some traditional
knowledge for Health criticalities.
• For Jandis they take medicine from ‘Kabiraj’.
• Tulshi leaf is used for cold.
• They know how to make saline. In case of Diarrhea& Dysentery they take
handmade saline.
• ‘Dublar Ras’ is used for the constipation & also for injury.
• Neem leaf is also used for worm of children.
Health
24. Almost everybody knows swimming including children. When they are
6-7 years old their family guides them to gain knowledge of swimming.
Because for both the flood and riverbank erosion the people mostly
need to know swimming.
Self-Preparedness
25. During disaster
coping mechanism
Floating Bed Cultivation(Hydrophonics)
Where without soil and grass cultivate crops in water. During the
monsoon, farmers use small boats to manage the floating agricultural
land.
26. Using Boats and Banana Vella
The affected people use boats and banana vella for transportation.
They generally use banana vella for moving one place to another place
for their livelihood, to gather foods and necessary things.
27. Fish Culture in Case
The affected people sometimes take step to indigenous fish cultivation by
using case which is covered by nets. For that fishes cannot escape from it
and by this way affected people are coping with flood disasters.
28. The households experiencing riverbank erosion first send away their
women and children to safely.
Take shelter sometime in embankment
& also in relative’s house.
Social bonding among neighbor is a great capital for them. During
disaster most of the time robbers attack them. So they formed a
committee themselves to guard the char people by rotation
29. Coping mechanism in
Post Disaster period
Clean the dirt from yard
and Make the land
cultivable for next
harvesting
After flood they again rebuilt
their houses themselves
From traditional
knowledge they make a
crop plan
Lots of diseases occur in this
situation and Sometimes
they take treatment from
Kabiraj.
31. Technological
This category is quite broad; including land management
systems as well as what is more usually thought o f as
technology, such as building materials and construction
methods.
Farmers who work in the marginal lands practice mixed
cropping, intercropping techniques which reduces risk of
poor harvest. Alternative crops may be kept in reserve to
plant where others are ruined by Hoods. Pesticides made
from local plants are applied to crops.
Also, at many places, houses are constructed on raised
platform so that they remain above flood levels.
32. economic/material
One of the principal elements in this category is
economic diversification. Members of a rural
household engaged in agriculture may undertake
other work, such as making and selling handicrafts,
carpentry, building or blacksmithing.
During periods of food shortage, they will eat food
of poorer quality or eat less food, and look for ‘wild
foods', such as seeds, nuts, roots and berries.
If a crisis becomes acute, they will begin to sell
their assets, but sale of livelihood assets (e.g.
animals, tools, seeds for planting next year's crop or
even land) is seen as a last resort.
33. social/organis
ational
This heading includes indigenous
organisations that provide support in
countering disasters: kinship networks,
mutual aid and self-help groups.
People who are suffering – from
shortage of food for instance - often call
upon kin, neighbors, or patrons for help.
Labor and food sharing during crises is
standard in many societies.
34. cultural
This includes religious beliefs and
norms which helps the community in
perceiving warning systems about the
disaster and provide the medium to
pass on the knowledge and experiences
from one generation to another
generation.
This is passed on in the forms of stories,
tales as well as other practices.
37. • Make levees, embankment to control the water
• Drainage channel improvement regularly/ timely to keep perfect
deepness of the river and allowing it to carry more water
• Developed pumping system
• River and wetland restoration
• Floodwall
Structural ways
1
38. • Diversion of Flood Water
• Natural Detention Basins
• Flood Safe Public Utility Installations
39. • Insurance
• Afforestation
• Flood forecasting, early warning and evacuation system
• Community preparedness
• Make policy, rules to under control human beings
• Zoning and mapping of vulnerable zone
• Land use pattern management
Non-Structural ways2
42. Vulnerability Reduction Method of
Riverbank Erosion
Pre-disaster vulnerability Reduction Method:
• Tree plantation
• Mattressing along the bank line
• Embankment establishment
• River
• erosion forecasting & prediction
• River erosion mapping
• Awareness generation among people of affected areas
• Training on river erosion management to representative & officials
43.
44. During-disaster vulnerability Reduction Method:
• Emergency food & shelter assistance
• Emergency evacuation
• Using sand bags for the protection of embankments
46. Post-disaster vulnerability Reduction Method
• Reconstruction efforts are focused on economic reactivation, public
health, educational opportunities, housing, environmental etc.
• Physical infrastructure repairs & municipal development enhance
natural resource management
• Proper implementation of policies, technologies, standards, laws &
institutional organization.
47. Difference
between Flood
and
Riverbank
Erosion
Flood No Riverbank Erosion
It is a natural event or occurrence where
a piece of land (or area) that is usually
dry, suddenly gets submerged under
water.
1 Simply it is defined as the process of
wearing of the banks of a stream river.
Riverbank erosion is the deterioration of
the banks of a river or stream.
It is a hydrological process. 2 Riverbank erosion is a ―geo-morphological
process of alluvial floodplain rivers.
It occurs when a stream runs out of its
confines and submerges surrounding
areas.
3 It occurs when the top soil that encloses a
river or stream washes away.
It is because of inadequate sediment
accumulation, local relative sea level rise,
deforestation in the upstream region,
greenhouse effect, excessive
development, monsoon downpour etc.
4 It is because of saturation of banks from
off-stream source, redirection and
acceleration of flow within the channel,
poor soil drainage, wave action, excessive
sand/gravel extraction,
intense water from rainfall etc.
48. It is not occur for riverbank erosion. 5 It can occur due to flood.
There are different types of flood as:
Monsoon flood
River flood
Coastal flood
Flash flood etc
6 Three types of riverbank erosion occur:
•Vertical,
•Head ward and
•Lateral erosion.
Impacts of flood are physical injury, illness and loss
of life, disrupt normal drainage systems, severe
damage to properties, seriously disrupt public and
personal transport, erosion, bank erosion, land
sliding and damage to vegetation etc.
7 Impacts of riverbank erosion are loss of occupation
and loss of property, homelessness, identity crisis,
extra cost for medical treatment and education etc.
8
49. Recommendations
• Awareness on to be built among all the stakeholders.
• Programmes of rural poverty reduction and alleviation need to tackle
biases against poor farmers and women.
• Regular drazing of the river is of importance to reduce the risks of
catastrophic flood damage in the locale.
• Joblessness at times of flood is a huge problem. Both GO and NGOs
should create more job opportunities even on temporary basis for the
villagers.
• A better coordination between GO and NGOs in relation to flood
awareness programs may also be considered.
50. Recommendations
• Necessary guidelines to be prepared and circulated.
• Policy guidelines may be issued. Pilot project may be taken up.
• Establishment of more Community-based Organizations.
• Increase inter- sectoral coordination for program planning and
implementation.
• Better farm management through new information dissemination,
motivation and technological innovation;
• promotion of climate resilient crops (submergence varieties);
• short duration and early crops;