This document discusses principles and phases of preventive action for occupational safety and health (OSH). It outlines key international conventions and directives on OSH, including establishing national OSH policies, providing guidance to employers and workers, and including OSH training at all education levels. The principles of risk evaluation, preventive planning, and organizing adequate resources like qualified OSH staff are explained. Effective inspection and monitoring systems require upgrading institutions, training staff, coordinating between organizations, and developing OSH tools. A successful process involves commitment from all concerned parties.

1. SECIM EU Mongolia Project Alberto
CERDA
1
LABOUR/OHS PREVENTION
- OSH ILO Convention 155 (1981) &
Recommendation 164 (1981)
- Occ. Health Services Convention 161 &
Recommendation 171 (1985)
- Council Directive 89/391/EEC (1989)
introduction of measures to encourage
improvements in occupational safety and health

2. . 2
PRINCIPLES & PHASES OF
PREVENTIVE ACTION
• PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL POLICY:
Each Member shall in consultation with the
most representative organisations of
employers and workers, formulate,
implement and periodically review a
coherent national policy on occupational
safety, occupational health and the working
environment. (art. 4 ILO C. 155)

3. . 3
• Measures shall be taken to provide
guidance to employers and workers to help
them to comply with legal obligations. (art 10
ILO C. 155)
• Measures shall be taken to promote the
inclusion of OSH and the working
environment at all levels of education and
training, including higher technical, medical
and professional education. (art. 14 ILO C 155)
PRINCIPLES & PHASES OF
PREVENTIVE ACTION

4. 4
• Employers required to ensure the workplaces, machinery,
equipment and processes under their control are safe and
without risk to health.
• representatives of workers in the undertaking co-
operate with the employer in OSH issues.
• representatives of workers are given adequate information
on measures taken by the employer to secure OSH.
• workers and their representatives are given appropriate
training in occupational safety and health
• Occupational safety and health measures shall not involve
any expenditure for the workers.
(arts. 16 & 19 ILO C. 155)
PRINCIPLES & PHASES OF
PREVENTIVE ACTION

5. GTZ-Progress Social & Environmental
Standards Clothing Industry. A.Cerdá M.
• Occupational health services should establish a
programme adapted to the undertaking, taking into
account the hazards in the working environment & the
problems specific to the branches of economic activity
including:
• identification and evaluation of the environmental
factors
• assessment of conditions of occupational hygiene
• assessment of collective and personal protective
equipment
• assessment of control systems designed to eliminate
or reduce exposure
• surveillance of the working environment should be
recorded in an appropriate manner and be available to
the employer, the workers and their representatives in
the undertaking
• The competent authority should have access to data.
ILO R 171, part 4, 5 & 6

6. PREVENTING LABOUR RISK
Definition:
• all required steps/measures
• planned or adopted
• at all stages of work in the undertaking
• to prevent or reduce occupational risks.
This is achieved by
• INTEGRATING OHS in all activities and decisions of
the Company
• DISTRIBUTING RESPONSIBILITIES at all levels

7. Prevention: PHASES
1. Evaluating the risks.
2. Planning the preventive activities.
3. Organization of resources.
4. Qualified staff in charge of the prevention.

8.  General Preventive Principles
• To avoid the risk
• To evaluate the unavoidable ones
• To combat them at source
• To adapt the work to the person
• To adapt to technical progress (state of arts)
• Replace the dangerous substances for harmless ones
• Overall preventive policy
• Collective protection prior to individual ones
• Provide instructions and training to workers

9. RISK EVALUATION
DEFINITION: process addressed to
• estimate the magnitude of risks that have not been able to avoid
• obtaining the necessary information so that the manager can take
appropriate decisions
• to adopt preventive measures and, in such a case,
• the type of measures to be adopted
• fixing priorities (planning)

10. R.E. TYPES
• INITIAL with occasion of:
• New legislation introduced/compliance agreement
• New work centre
• Substantial modification of work places
• To UP GRADE working conditions
- with occasion Health Surveillance/ accidents at works
• REGULAR FOLLOW-UP (up to national
legislation)

11. R. E. PROCEDURE (I)
From the information obtained about the
- characteristic and complexity of work process
- work equipment
- evaluation of workers' health
the R.E. will proceed to:
• Determinate if there are dangerous elements
• Identify the exposed workers and their sensitivity to
risk
• Evaluate the existing risk according to objective
indicators

12. E.R. PROCEDURE (II)
• The RESULTS have to be TRUSTED & VERIFICABLE
• Applied MEASUREMENTS, ANALYSIS and TEST:
- national standards or regulations
- orientate guidelines/buyers code of conduct
- international guidelines or standards (ILO,
national/ international research institutes, others)

13. Competent Technicians for Risk Evaluation
• Functions for basic level.
• Functions for intermediate level.
• Functions of High level technicians on the
different preventive disciplines
medicine at work
safety at work
industrial hygiene
ergonomics & psycho-sociology (wages, work
hours, representative rights, harassment, stress)

14. PREVENTIVE PLANNING
• The annual program for preventive activities
will integrate:
- the human & material resources available;
- the assignment of budgeted resources;
- the emergency measures & health surveillance;
- the information and training for workers;
- the coordination of all these aspects

15. ORGANIZATION of RESOURCES
In accordance with national conditions and practice,
occupational health services may be organised by -
(a) the undertakings or groups of undertakings concerned;
(b) the public authorities or official services;
(c) social security institutions;
(d) any other bodies authorised by the competent authority;
ILO R. 171, paragraph 34, 2.
Models
1)Set up internal preventive service
2) External preventive service

16. a) INTERNAL PREVENTIVE SERVICE
• human and materials resources needed in
the company to carry out prevention
• The companies that develop activities
simultaneously in one work centre, building,
commercial or industrial area can set up
joint preventive services (SMEs)
• The staff in charge has to be trained and
qualified according to level of responsibility

17. b) External Occupational Preventive
Services
Specialized entity contracted by the enterprise to:
• provide occasional advice and support according
to the type of risks (risk evaluation or accident
investigation)
• Implement preventive activities;
The contract is normally in writing

18. Workers representatives for prevention
• Not the employer OHS appointed person
• Workers' representatives with a specific role will
receive appropriate training
• not be placed at a disadvantage / adequate time off
work / without loss of pay / provide them with
necessary means / take part in discussions on all OHS
• balanced participation in accordance with national laws
and/or practices
• Measures related to OHS in no circumstances involve
the workers in financial cost

19. SECIM EU Project Alberto CERDA
acerdamico@yahoo.es
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Development of effective
Inspection/Monitoring system: Challenges
• Up-grade institutions (LI + Associations)
• Up-date staff and train (including training
materials/programs)
• Coordinate and interact to implement effective
Labour/OHS policies avoiding overlap
(Ministries/Interdepartmental/Social Partners)
• Develop and promote Labour/OHS tools (Risk
Evaluation, preventive services, technicians levels,
etc.)

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A SUCCESFUL PROCESS AS
ALL CONCERNED PARTIES ARE
COMMITTED
Thank you
Alberto Cerdá Micó
Senior OSH-Employment Expert
acerdamico@yahoo.es