Rischio di esposizione ad agenti chimici ENG.pdf

RISK OF EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL
AGENTS
www.seagruppo.it
Translated by: Bruno Giovagnoli

CHEMICAL RISK SPREAD
Chemical substances are present in many daily products, for example
detergents, fabric, clothing, furniture, etc.
They are used not only by the workers of the factory that produces them, but
also (and mostly) by sectors downstream:
Construction industry, metal industry, woodworking, automotive industry, textile,
food, agriculture, information technology, waste, cleaning, etc.
The presence of chemical substances in the workplace represents, generically,
a risk factor for both the health and the safety of the workers.
www.seagruppo.it Rischio chimico

DEFINITION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
When talking about chemical risk, we must define:
SUBSTANCE
A substance is:
a chemical element and its compounds, in their natural state or obtained by
a manufacturing process, including additives necessary to maintain its
stability and impurities resulting from the process used, but excluding
solvents which can be separated without compromising the stability of the
substance or changing its composition.
e.g.: water, or the citric acid contained inside lemon juice are substances.
Present in the substance, not
added intentionally
Added on purpose
to stabilize the substance

DEFINITION OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
MIXTURE
A mixure is:
a solution made of two or more substances.
Sono miscele, quindi, i detersivi e le vernici.
e.g.: detergents, paint are mixtures.
PRODUCT
An item or product is:
an object that was given a specific shape, surface or design that determines
its function to a greater extent than its chemical composition.
e.g.: ballpoint pens, flavoured erasers are products.

RISK DUE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS
SAFETY RISKS
Risks of accidental nature
Fire
(flammable substnces/mixtures,
easily/extremely flammable)
Explosion
(explosive substances/mixtures, etc.)
Dangerous substances/mixtures
(corrosive substances/mixtures)

RISKS DUE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS
HEALTH RISKS
Hygienic-environmental risks
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES / MIXTURES
• highly toxic / toxic
• harmful
• irritating
• sensitizing
• cancerous
• mutagens
• toxic for the reproductive system

CHEMICAL RISKS AND DANGERS
DANGER
toxicological properties
chemical and physical properties
health
safety
RISK probability that the substance
under actual conditions of use
could cause the harmful effect
Depends on the ways of exposure

PHYSICAL FORM OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS / VAPOR

PHYSICAL FORM OF AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS
AEROSOL
• Dusts
• Fumes
• Mists
• Fiber
GASEOUS
• Gas
• Vapor

Dusts
Solid particles of various sizes dispersed in the air.
Smaller than 0.5 µm
Between 0.5 - 5 µm
Greater than 5 µm
penetrate deep in the organism, partly
exhaled
breathable fraction, stays in the alveoli
retained by the upper airways
1 micron (µm) is a millionth of a meter
(1.000.000 µm = 1 m)
1 µm = 0.000001 m
1 µm = 0.001 mm

Mists
Aerosols of liquid particles smaller than 1 micron (µ)
dispersed in the air, generated by evaporation,
condensation, atomization, nebulization, etc.
Example:
• Water mists
• Oil mists
• Solvant mists

Fumes
Aerosols made of solid particles generated from the
incomplete combustion of carbonaceous substances or
the condensation of gaseous substances smaller than 1
micron (µ).
Example:
• Engine exhausts (belt conveyors)
• Welding fumes

Gas
Aeriform that exists only in the state of gas at room
temperature.
Vapors
Gaseous form of a substance normally found in the
liquid state.
• carbon monoxide
• acetylene
• nitrous oxide
• ozone
• etc.
• solvent vapors
• acid vapors
• etc.

CHEMICAL AGENTS - ROUTES OF CONTAMINATION,
POSSIBLE HARM TO WORKERS
A substance or mixture is defined as toxic when it is capable of having an
undesirable effect on living organisms or when it could significantly alter
the function of organs and systems or impair their survival.
A toxic substance can enter the human organism through:
• inhalation (whenver any chemical agent is dispersed in the air);
• contact (during handling processes);
• ingestion (accidental).

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES – ROUTES OF ABSORPTION
INHALATION
CONTACT
INGESTION
Lungs have an alveolar surface of 100 mq
and they are the main way of penetration
The skin of a medium sized individual has a
surface of roughly 1.8 mq and it is a great
barrier when it is intact.
The divestive system is generally not important
regarding safety risks on the workplace, except
for some special cases

INHALATION
The agent is present in the
air and it is dragged inside
the organism through the
respiratory act.
SOLIDS Dusts and fibers
LIQUIDS Miss and aereosols
GAS Any type
AIR
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
ORGANS

WAYS OF EXPOSURE: INHALATION (nose, mouth, skin pores)
Respiratory system organs (nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs) have their own
defense against the introduction of chemical agents; the absorption of chemicals also
varies in relation to the physical state in which the substance is found.

EXPOSURE ROUTES: INHALATION
Particles with a diameter of more than 5 microns do not reach the lungs:
they are expelled thanks to the action of the vibratile cilia and hair of the
nose and trachea.
Particles with a diameter of less than 5 microns, gases and vapors,
reach the lungs, where they get absorbed.
The quantity of toxic substance absorbed through the respiratory system
depends mostly on concentration in the air and on the volume of air that
was breathed in time (pulmonary ventilation).
The heavier the work, the more significant absorption will be.

INGESTION
The agent enters the oral tract, as
a food contaminant or through
objects brought towards the
mouth.
SOLIDS Dusts and fragments
LIQUIDS Splashes and pouring
GAS Not relevant
FOOD
CIGARETTES
HANDS/GLOVES
OBJECTS
LIPS/MOUTH DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
ORGANS

EXPOSURE ROUTES: INGESTION (mouth)
The route of ingestion, although less frequent because of it being more
controllable, can be very dangerous because any substance could enter
directly into the digestive system.
Once it gets absorbed, a toxic substance can accumulate in a "deposit"
tissue from which it is slowly released into circulation and eliminated as a
free form. The deposit site rarely coincides with the action site.
The diffusion of the substance in sites with greater chemical affinity occurs
due to plasma proteins and depends on vascularization, permeability and
the presence of binding sites.
The metabolism of substances occurs mainly in the liver: here they are
transformed into other molecules (metabolites), which may be even more
harmful than the original toxic substance.

CONTACT
The agent comes in contact with
the skin or mucus: it plays a local
action, or it gets absorbed by the
fat layers of the skin.
SOLIDS Local effects (aggressive)
LIQUIDS local absorption
(lipophilic)
GAS Not relevant
SKIN FAT LAYER
BLOOD
VESSELS
ORGANS
LOCAL
EFFECT

EXPOSURE ROUTES: CONTACT (skin, mucus, wounds)
The skin is also a way through which many substances can be absorbed: in
this case our natural defense is the skin coating of lipids and proteins that
help prevent injury and harmful substance absorption.
For this reason, the presence of abrasions, wounds, inflammation and
reduction of the lipid film favor the absorption of the toxic substance.

EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY
Once it is introduced into the body, a harmful (dangerous) agent may have local
or systemic effects.
EFFECTS:
• Local: if the toxic substance damages the part it comes in contact with;
• Systemic: if the toxic substance spreads in the organism and reaches
different organs than the ones of initial contact;
• Acute: Due to brief exposure to high doses;
• Chronic: they are manifested after a long period of low dose exposure.

TYPES OF INTOXICATION
• Acute intoxication: short-term exposure, due to a single
administration/intake or within 24 hours, with rapid absorption
of the harmful substance (typically clinical).
• Sub-acute intoxication: frequent exposure, or several times
over days or weeks, to doses not capable of constituting an
acute intoxication (typical of the professional environment).
• Chronic intoxication: exposure to repeated low doses over
long periods; toxic accumulation or effects (typically
environmental).

TOXIC ACTION
• Local: acts only near the point of introduction into the
body
• General or Systemic: manifests itself in places that
are far from the point of introduction into the organism
üToxic substance route of transmission
üChemical composure of the target organ
üPerfusion degree of the interested organ
üBio-chemical characteristics of the interested organs

The main dangers and relative health effects:
• inhalation of chemical products, effects such as:
- dizziness
- irritation of the airways
- intoxication
• contact with chemical products
- dermatitis, other skin pathologies
- eye irritation
• Accidental ingestion
- poisoning

CHEMICAL RISK – ACTION MODALITY
The damage can manifest itself:
• in a brutal and unexpected way
• after some exposure time
sickness: of the respiratory system
(asthma, rhinitis), of the skin/mucus
(irritation, eczema, ulceration), of
the nervous system (headache,
shaking, mental disorders), tumors
(airways/digestive system)
accident/injury: fire, explosion,
burning, intoxication, asphyxiation

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES CAUSED BY CHEMICAL AGENTS
A statistical survey in the INAIL database during the 2005-2009 period showed that
complaints of occupational diseases from chemical agents accounted for about 10% of
the total complaints received by INAIL.
Most of these complaints concern Industry and Services.

CHEMICAL AGENT INJURIES
In the matter of accidents resulting from direct contact with chemicals, we
distinguish:
• contact with dangerous substances by nasal route, oral route, inhalation;
• contact with hazardous substances through skin or eyes;
• contact with dangerous substances through the digestive system, swallowing
or eating.
Here are the percentages of accidents caused by chemical agents during the
2004-2010 period with indicated mode of contact - mode of injury.

CHEMICAL AGENTS - INJURIES
• 88%: nasal route, oral route, inhalation
• 11%: through eyes/skin
• 1%: through the digestive system, by eating or swallowing

CHEMICAL AGENTS - INJURIES
Injuries following inhalation: the substances involved have mainly
toxic-harmful properties (28%), caustic-corrosive properties (15%);
they can be biologically inert but asphyxiating (10%): spray, dust,
particles.
Skin contact injuries: the main agents that can be found are dusts,
splinters, sprays (32%), caustic and corrosive substances (15%).
Ingestion injuries: caustic-corrosive substances are involved (13%)
and toxic-harmful substances (11%), substances for agriculture and
livestock (such as fertilizers and livestock feed).

DANGER CLASSIFICATION
DANGER
The inherent ability of a chemical agent of producing
harmful effects
RISK The probability that the harmful potential gets reached
under generic use or exposure conditions.
CHEMICAL
RISK
Risk related to the professional use of substances (or
preparations) used in work cycles, which may be
intrinsically dangerous or dangerous in relation to the
conditions of use.

SUBSTANCE LABELING
Chemical labels are an important source of information on the danger of
substances.
Chemicals are labelled in order to inform us about the risks we are exposed
to and the damage our health, the environment or our goods might be
exposed to.
In addition to the dangers, the
labels also indicate the
precautions to take during their
use, storage and disposal, and
what to do in case of an eventual
accident or injury.

SUBSTANCE LABELING
Any person who releases a dangerous substance or mixture on the market shall
be required to label it and add information about its danger.
The packaging label must contain the following information:
1. name, address and telephone number of the supplier;
2. nominal amount of the substance or mixture contained in the container made
available;
3. product identifiers (name and numbers);
4. any danger pictograms;
5. warnings (if there are any);
6. hazard statements (if there are any);
7. any precautionary statements;
8. additional information (if necessary).

SUBSTANCE LABELING

CLP REGULATIONS
CE regulations no. 1272/2008 of the 16th December 2008, also called CLP
regulations (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) became effective in
the European Union on the 20th January 2009 and introduced a new system
of classification, labelling, and packaging of substances and mixtures.
This Regulation repealed the previous European Directives (European
Directive 67/548/CEE - DSP, on dangerous substances - and European
Directive 1999/45/CE - DPP, on dangerous mixtures) from the 1st June 2015.
It aims to harmonize (within the European Community) the criteria for the
classification of substances and mixtures, and the rules related to their
labelling and packaging: the information that must appear on the label is
modified, to conform to the global hazard communication system GHS
(Global Harmonized System) valid in all countries of the world.

CLP REGULATIONS
This change will be progressive over time, to allow companies to apply the
new Regulation and dispose of products already labeled according to the old
order, so you can see still both old and new labels until 2017.
The advantage is that the new pictograms are globally recognised and no
longer only in Europe, which facilitates communication.
INCONSISTENCIES in the previous systems

CLP REGULATIONS - EXCEPTIONS
The CLP Regulation applies to all chemicals and mixtures, including biocides and
pesticides, with no limits on the quantities produced per year.
There are some EXCEPTIONS:
• preparations falling under other European legislations (medicines, medical devices,
food and feed, cosmetics);
• non-insulated intermediate substances;
• research and development substances that are not placed on the market;
• waste.

CLP REGULATIONS
The CLP provides 9 pictograms: 5 for physical dangers, 3 for health dangers and 1 for
environmental hazards.
Some classes and categories do not need the use of a pictogram.
PHYSICAL DANGERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS
HEALTH DANGERS

PHYSICAL DANGER
Old symbol New symbol
Comburents: may cause or favor combustion
WARNING or DANGER

PHYSICAL DANGER
• Flammable
• Easily flammable (F)
• Highly flammable(F+)
WARNING or DANGER

Explosives: can explode due to flames, impact, friction.
PHYSICAL DANGER
DANGER

HEALTH HAZARDS
Dangerous chemical agent
Health damage
Acute (immediate) Chronic (long term)

ACUTE effects (immediate) are classified in corrosive, irritant, toxic.
HEALTH HAZARDS
Corrosive: they exert a destructive action.
Be careful with your eyes: they are the (naturally) least
protected body part.
DANGER

HEALTH HAZARDS
Irritating (Xi)
Irritating or sensitizing
WARNING

HEALTH HAZARDS
TOXICITY
Acute toxicity of a substance is identified based on lethality
effects:
any substance that causes immediate death,
determined by a brief exposition.
• Lethal: very small quantities cause death
• Toxic: small quantities cause death
• Harmful: cause death only in larger quantities

HEALTH HAZARDS
Old symbol
New symbol
Harmful (Xn) WARNING or DANGER
They cause severe chronic damage.

HEALTH HAZARDS
Toxic (T) DANGER
They cause immediate and serious health damage.

Highly toxic (T+) DANGER
Scarce or very scarce quantities are deadly
or cause immediate and serious damage.
HEALTH HAZARDS

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Substances dangerous to the environment,
which may cause more or less immediate effects.

R RISK PHRASES or H DANGER INDICATIONS
A phrase assigned to a hazard class and category describing the nature of
the hazard of a dangerous substance (or mixture) and, where appropriate,
the degree of the hazard.
Example:
H222 – Highly flammable aereosol
H226 – Flammable liquid and vapors
H319 – Causes severe eye irritation

S o P PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
A phrase describing the measure or measures recommended to minimize or
prevent the harmful effects of exposure to a dangerous substance or mixture
resulting from its use or disposal.
Example:
P305 – In case of contact with the eyes…..
P313 – Consult a doctor

SAFETY DATA SHEET
Each hazardous substance or mixture is provided to the professional user
accompanied by a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) which summarizes the
hazardous properties and the correct ways of use.
For this reason, SDS are useful
both to those concerned with
the health and safety of workers
and to the workers themselves,
who should always have them
at hand to check for the
behaviour to be maintained.

Safety Data Sheet
16 main points, containing the following information:
1. Identification of the substance/mixture and the company
2. Danger identification
3. Ingredient composition and information
4. First aid measures
5. Fire prevention measures
6. Measures in case of accidental release
7. Manipulation and storage
8. Exposure control/individual protection
9. Physical/chemical properties
10.Stability and reactivity
11.Toxicological information
12.Ecological information
13.Disposal considerations
14.Transport information
15.Regulation infomation
16.Other information

GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES REGARDING STORAGE
• Storage spaces must be provided with adequate ventilation
(permanent openings, forced ventilation, etc.)
• Containers, pipelines, etc. of chemical substances must be
visibly marked with the name of the substance and the
associated signs.
• Never transfer chemicals into anonymous containers.
• Hazard signs, prescriptions and requirements according to the
type of risk of the substances are to be placed at the storage
room entrance.

GENERAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES RELATING TO DETENTION
• Avoid storing containers for chemicals on hot surfaces or
exposed to direct sunlight.
• Keep storage rooms locked or otherwise prohibited to non-
authorized employees.
• Containment basins under hazardous substance containers
must be provided.

GENERAL MEASURES RELATED TO THE USE OF CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES
• Keeping chemical Safety Data Sheets up to date and available
to workers
Þ Ask the manufacturers!
• Select products and chemicals that are as safe as possible.
• The places where dangerous products are processed must be:
- equipped with general/localized suction systems;
- equipped with signs with dangers, prohibitions and obligations
to be followed.

GENERAL MEASURES RELATED TO THE USE OF
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
- Never mix different chemicals (except when not specified in
the instructions)
- Read the container’s label, the instructions and the Safety
Data Sheet carefully before use
- Avoid inhalation and direct contact, especially with the
eyes and skin.
- Use the products only for purposes and scenarios for which
they were designed.
- Minimize the quantities and concentrations of use of the
products.

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
- Use suitable transport containers (hermetically sealed); seal
containers after use.
- Do not drink, eat or smoke after coming into contact with
chemicals with your hands.
- In cases of spills on your clothing, wash the exposed surface
thoroughly.

• Sanitize hands after using chemicals.
• In case of accidental deposit, clean immediately.
• Moisturize your hands with specific creams.
• Transport to the workplace only the quantity strictly necessary for
work.
• Transfer to trays or containment tanks, for non-minimal
quantities.
• When using containers for different substances, clean them
thoroughly before introducing different substances.
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

STORAGE SAFETY
Storage, carried out in the negligence of safety precautions, may
present risks with very serious consequences for workers, for the
surrounding population, and the environment.
Most of the chemicals
can in fact transform
in other products
with hazardous properties
in case of fire
or in case of mixing with incompatible products.

STORAGE SAFETY

It is essential to know the behaviour of the stored material in case
of fire or accidental direct contact.
The risks to be assessed also relate to two other important
properties of the substances to be stored:
STORAGE SAFETY
INSTABILITY REACTIVITY

STORAGE SAFETY
The most important precautionary rule
is separate, remote safe storage inside fire-resistant rooms
for all flammable, unstable or reactive products.
First of all for compressed and liquefied gases;
in particular for the products
that in contact with water could catch on fire!

STORAGE SAFETY
Even the materials that make combustion
possible,
or for products which may ignite
spontaneously in the air,
must be stored separately
and not together with combustible materials

STORAGE SAFETY
Separate storage room
also for incompatible products
which, in the event of contact,
could react vigorously
or may develop toxic gases.

STORAGE SAFETY
Corrosive substances
must be stored in separate
areas
equipped with
containment protection.

SAFETY AND TRANSPORTATION
The transport of hazardous
chemicals requires a very
careful risk assessment,
case by case,
and all precautions
must be respected to avoid
any damage!

The packaging of dangerous
goods shall be subject to
approval, based on the
performance of drop, leak,
hydraulic pressure and stacking
tests.
Hazard labels shall be affixed
to packaging, containers or
tanks.

Transportation of incompatible goods is forbidden and
extremely dangerous.
To avoid the danger
of heat developing reactions,
reactive substances must be kept
separate.

CHEMICAL AGENT RISK EVALUATION
The employer has the obligation to carry out the chemical risk
assessment, that must be reported in the Risk Assessment Document
(DVR).
The employer then assesses the health and safety risks for workers
caused by the presence of hazardous chemical agents, by taking into
account the factors shown in the chart.

CHEMICAL RISK EVALUATION
Factors to be considered when evaluating chemical risk
Dangerous properties of the chemical agents;
Health and safety information, announced by the market plaement
supervisor through the relative Safety Data Sheet;
Level, type and duration of exposure;
Circumstances in which any work is performed in presence of chemical
agents, including the quantity;
Occupational exposure limit levels, or biological limit levels;
Effects of any preventive and protective measures adopted;
Any conclusions from eventual sanitary surveillance activity (if available).

It is important to clarify that general prevention and protection measures must be
applied even before the risk assessment by chemical agents is started.
At the end of the evaluation process described above, one or other of the following
situations (outcomes) may occur:
● LOW SAFETY RISK – IRRELEVANT IN TERMS OF HEALTH
● SAFETY RISK NOT LOW – RELEVANT IN TERMS OF HEALTH
Low safety risk
Associated with the protection of the worker’s physical integrity from acute an immediate
effects, like an injury or the consequences of a brief exposition.
Irrelevant risk for health
Associated with working conditions in which the medium level of exposure is equal to the
general population’s medium level of exposure

Where the risk assessment process is concluded with a «low risk for safety and
irrelevant to health» judgement, the employer should apply only the general
measures and regulations of risk prevention.
General risk prevention measures L.D. 81/2008 – sec. 224
Design and organize production methods;
Provide equipment suited for the specific task and appropriate maintenance procedures;
Reduce to the minimum the exposed workers;
Reduce to the minimum the duration and intensity of exposure;
Appropriate hygienic measures;
Reduce to the minimum the quantity of chemical agents in the workplace, in function of the
ones strictly necessary for processing;
Appropiate work methods, including the dispositions that guarantee safety when handling,
storing and transporting dangerous chemical substances in the workplace, nonetheless
waste that contains chemical agents.

In the event that the risk is "not low for safety and not irrelevant to
health", the employer must implement specific measures of prevention and
protection (Art. 225 of Legislative Decree no. 81/2008), among which the
most important is the replacement of the dangerous agent (or process)
with another that, under the same conditions of use, is less or not harmful.
Where the nature of the activity does not allow it, the employer shall reduce
the risk by applying the following measures:
- design of appropriate work processes and technical controls, use of
appropriate equipment and materials;
- appropriate collective organizational and protective measures at the source
of the risk (localised aspirations, hoods, screens, etc.);
- personal protective measures, including Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE);
- periodic measurement of chemical agents (by environmental or personal
sampling);
- health surveillance (performed by the company doctor).

SANITARY SURVEILLANCE
Workers exposed to chemical agents dangerous to health (meeting the
criteria for classification as highly toxic, toxic, harmful, sensitizing, corrosive,
irritant, etc.) are subject to health surveillance (Art. 229 of Legislative Decree
no. 81/2008), which must be performed:
● before the worker is employed;
● periodically and usually once a year or
with different periodicity, established by the
company doctor;
● after the termination of the employment
relationship.

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUES
The "occupational exposure limit value" is a benchmark for assessing the
health of the workplace and is defined as (Art. 222 of Legislative Decree no.
81/2008):
The exposure or threshold limit values indicate the concentrations of the
substance in the working environment to which most workers are expected to
remain exposed repeatedly day after day without adverse health effects.
«Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are regulatory values which indicate levels
of exposure that are considered to be safe (in terms of health) for a chemical
substance in the air of a workplace».

Threshold Limit Values (TLV):
TLV-TWA: average concentration value on an 8-hour working day over 40
working hours per week.
TLV-STEL: concentration value calculated in periods of 15 minutes, not
exceeding 4 times in 8 hours, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
TLV-C (CEILING): peak concentration value that must never be exceeded.

Exposure limit values are the reference for environmental monitoring
measures, collected through sampling on operators or at workplaces.
If the monitored compound is harmful or toxic in the long term, the
measured values should be compared with each worker’s time of
exposure.
In all cases, the test results must be compared with a health
assessment of the worker performed by the company doctor.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE, in italian DPI)
Where the risks present in the workplace cannot be avoided, the law
provides that appropriate measures of protection must be made available
to workers.
Workers, following proper training, must use Personal Protective Equipment.
For every product, the Safety Data Sheet specifies the Personal Protective
Equipment and the specific hygienic measures.

AIRWAY PROTECTION
Respiratory protection PPE allows the worker to breathe, protecting him from
potentially dangerous chemicals in the air.
They can be:
• INSULATING, which isolate the worker from the surrounding atmosphere
and provide the worker with the air he needs;
• FILTERING, that purify the air and can only be used if the surrounding
atmosphere contains at least 17% oxygen.

Filters are devices that are inserted on masks and half-masks that have the
function of retaining pollutants, both solid (dust filters) and aeriform (gas
filters).
The actual level of protection afforded by such PPE depends on several
factors, such as:
1. Airflow;
2. Filter type;
3. The type of task;
4. Its duration and intensity.
AIRWAY PROTECTION

HAND PROTECTION
The type of gloves chosen must be able to protect the worker from the
chemical agent under normal conditions of use.
Gloves should be used for a shorter period of time than the permeation of the
chemical (the process of the chemical spreading inside the glove material).
It is important that such PPE must always be in good condition and that they
are replaced whenever they present lacerations, abrasions or contamination
with chemicals.

FACE/EYE PROTECTION
These are all glasses, masks, visors and screens that protect the worker from
splashing or splashing dangerous substances.
It is important to regularly check on the conditions of the equipment.
The side guards must be well checked and in the case of glasses the frames
must not be damaged or deformed and the rods must not be loose.

BODY PROTECTION
Body protective PPE is clothing which serves to
protect the body from direct contact with the
chemical agent or from the atmosphere
containing it.
They can protect the body partially or totally;
they can be disposable (one time only, for the
duration of the working shift) or reusable (in this
case it is necessary to provide for their cleaning
and maintenance).

COLLECTIVE MEASURES OF PROTECTION
Collective means of
protection (adapted to
specific possible risks) shall
also be provided at
workplaces, for example
emergency eye washing
fountains.

www.seagruppo.it
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION
SEA Gruppo S.r.l.
Via Paolo Borsellino, 12/d - 61032 Fano (PU)
Tel. 0721 860053 - Fax 0721 862852
Translated by: Bruno Giovagnoli

Rischio di esposizione ad agenti chimici ENG.pdf

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