Rischio meccanico - translated in ENGLISH.pptx

MECHANICAL RISK
www.seagruppo.it

MACHINE
A machine is a set of mechanical elements, of
which at least one is mobile, and its movement is
initiated by any type of action: electric, pneumatic,
hydraulic, or any drive other than direct human
or animal force.
www.seagruppo.it Rischio meccanico

CE MARKED MACHINES
(machinery bought after the 21st September 1996)
LEGISLATIVE DECREE of 9th April 2008, no. 81
TITLE 3
Sec. 70
The employer is obligated to verify that the machines
answer to the essential safety pre-requisites referred
to in the Machinery Directive (EU).

Machines complying with the Machinery Directive,
which means, equipped with:
1. CE mark
2. Instruction manual
3. CE conformity declaration
+ MUST BE VISIBLY SAFE

NON-CE MARKED MACHINERY
(bought before the 21st September 1996)
TITLE 3
Sec. 70
2. The employer
must verify
the conformity of the machines
to the general safety requirements
referred to in Annex V.

A CE marked or non-CE marked machinery must be
visibly, clearly safe and, as requested by the legislation,
when mobile elements present risk of mechanical contact,
they must be provided of safety devices that must stop any
possible accident from happening.

TITLE 3
Sec. 70
5. Modifications to any CE marked machinery to
improve its safety
do not constitute placing on the market,
provided that they do not involve changes to
the methods of use
and to the expected performance by the manufacturer.

Equipment must be subject to periodic control measures.
The results of the checks of the last three years shall be reported in writing
and stored.

MACHINE RISK

FINGERS CRUSHED BY A PRESS BRAKE

HAND INJURED BY MACHINE TOOL

CRUSHING
The crushing results from the relative motion of two parts
that come into contact or come close to each other
resulting in crushing of the body, the limbs etc. of a person.
Such danger is produced:
• two moving parts move towards each other
• one moving part moves towards a fixed part

CRUSHING

SHEARING
Shearing is a scissor-like effect, through which two moving
elements passing close to each other can shear parts of the
body.

CUTTING OR SECTIONING
It means the possibility of cutting body parts on sharp parts of
the machine, both moving and stationary.
• Sharp elements for processing
• Sharp corners or edges on machine parts

ENTANGLEMENT
Possibility that parts of the body (hair, beard, etc.), clothing
(sleeves, shirts, etc.) or other (chains, watches, rings, etc.)
could get entangled in parts of the machine and then follow
the motion of the machine or prevent escape from dangerous
areas.
E.g.:
Entanglement on rotating parts (spindles, grinding wheels,
rotary cylinders, etc.) on transmission belts or chains.

ENTANGLEMENT

DRAGGING
This is where a part of the moving machine can drag or push
an exposed worker.
It can also cause additional hazards such as falling, crushing,
etc. if the exposed person is dragged into a dangerous zone.

ENTRAPMENT
It occurs when a person, who happens to be inside the
working area of a machine, due to the actions of the machine
itself, is not able to move away from that area.

PROJECTION OF SOLID MATERIAL
These are projection cases due to the normal operation of the
machine.
Projections of chips, fragments created by processing (for
example in the case of grinding).

THE WORKER’S DUTIES
L.D. 81/08

• the worker must use the work equipment properly;
• do not remove or change any security or signalling or
control devices without permission;
• workers must not out on their own initiative operations
or maneuvers that are not within their competence, or that
might compromise their (or other workers’) safety.
THE WORKER’S DUTIES
L.D. 81/08

a part of the good apprentice's
manual, from the 1950s:
“the distracted man is a man
who has deprived himself of
the most effective means of
defense: the eyes and the
brain, as if he were asleep, and
in these conditions an injury
can happen very easily”.

PREVENTION AND PROTECTION MEASURES
AGAINST RISKS DERIVING FROM MOVING PARTS
Machinery moving parts must be
equipped with guards
or protective devices
in a way that prevents any risk of
contact that may lead to
accidents.

To have this result, the choice must cover:
1. Preventing access during dangerous movement
or
2. Preventing the dangerous movement during access

FIXED GUARDS
Fixed guards must be held in place in a safe way:
• permanently (e.g. through welding)
• through fasteners (screws, nuts) that make the
removal/opening impossible without the voluntary use of tools
• should not remain closed without the relative fasteners.

FIXED GUARDS

INTERLOCKED MOBILE GUARDS
Mobile guards must be designed and associated to the
control system of the machinery, in such a way that:
• putting in motion moving elements is not possible as long as
the operator can reach them;
• the exposed person cannot access moving elements in
motion.

Keeps the guard door closed without releasing it until the
machinery is in a safe condition.
WITH GUARD BLOCKING

ADJUSTABLE GUARDS
Adjustable guards can be utilized only when, for processing
reasons, the dangerous zone cannot be completely
enclosed.
They must:
• be engeneered in such a way that the machine stays fixed
during any operation
• be immediately adjustable without the use of utensils

ADJUSTABLE GUARDS

PROTECTION DEVICES
Maintained action control devices :
Control device that starts and maintains the dangerous
functions of the machine only when the manual control
(actuator) is operated.

PROTECTION DEVICES
Two-hand control device :
Control device requiring simultaneous operation with
both hands to at least start, and sometimes, maintain the
dangerous functions of the machine.

PREVENTION OF DANGEROUS MOVEMENT DURING
ACCESS
When an area is subject to frequent access, there must
be a device that prevents dangerous movement and that at
the same time allows unrestricted access through the
detection and the consequent sending of a stop signal.

PRESSURE SENSITIVE SAFETY MATS

PRESSURE SENSITIVE EDGES

PHOTO-ELECTRIC SAFTEY BARRIERS

PHOTO-ELECTRIC SAFETY BARRIERS

This requirement does not apply to
machinery for which the emergency stop
device cannot reduce the risk, because:
• it does not reduce the time necessary
for a complete stop;
• it does not allow to take the specific
measures required by the risk,
• portable machines and manually
guided machines.
EMERGENCY STOP
mandatory on every machine

EMERGENCY STOP
EMERGENCY ROPES

When there’s dragging, entanglement risk by a machine with
considerable inertia
BREAKING UNIT– ENGINE BRAKE

Mandatory display of safety warnings regarding:
• safety device removal;
• performing repairs and maintenance operations
during motion;
• lubricating or cleaning moving parts/machinery.
GENERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

RISK OF INVOLUNTARY IGNITION
After turning off the machine, to perform maintenance or repair work,
it must be ensured against an involuntary restart
BASIC SAFETY PRINCIPLES
MAINTENANCE AND REPARATION

Foot controls shall have a protective housing
(in yellow) and the internal safety lever against unintentional starts.
FOOT CONTROLS

According to the provisions of the
EU Machinery Directive, the work
equipment designed and built
internally by the company itself,
even prototypes, for specific needs
and unique examples, must be CE
marked (if built after 21 September
1996).

Equipment in disuse, without full functionality, protection,
safety, must be PHYSICALLY DETACHED from its power
cord and in any case to the prohibition of use must be
indicated with a sign.
UNUSED MACHINERY

“The accident prevention legislation aims to protect the
worker’s safety both from the risks generated from
accidents or fatalities and from the risks that may arise
by his own recklessness, negligence, and carelessness,
provided that they are related to his work, which means
not abnormal and not exorbitant from his work process.”
OBJECTIVE PROTECTION PRINCIPLE
LEGISLATION – JUDGEMENT

www.seagruppo.it
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
SEA Gruppo S.r.l.
Via Paolo Borsellino, 12/d - 61032 Fano (PU)
Tel. 0721 860053 - Fax 0721 862852
Translated by: Bruno Giovagnoli

Rischio meccanico - translated in ENGLISH.pptx

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Rischio meccanico - translated in ENGLISH.pptx