This document discusses how floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) projects are helping to ensure energy security by providing a flexible solution for developing remote gas fields. It notes that FLNG projects face challenges from complex technology, local opposition, and low oil prices. However, FLNG allows gas plants to be built in locations with expertise and proven technology and installed offshore to reduce local impacts. Success requires involvement of all stakeholders from the start. Experience with FLNG is growing, helping to standardize equipment and processes to lower costs. The RINA group is providing expertise to help evaluate positions, processes, and technologies for FLNG projects globally.

1. }}SECURITY OF SUPPLY DRIVES FLNG
ne w sle t t e r of t he rin a g roup
RINA@WORK
The need to ensure energy security is driving countries all around the world to build
diversified energy supply chains. There is a diversity of suppliers for any country which can
import LNG. That is making gas an increasingly attractive fuel.
Gas projects are not simple. Investors fear cutting edge technology and gas plants arouse
fear in local communities. Local construction may be cost-prohibitive. Against a background
of low oil prices these facts complicate investment decisions for new gas plants.
There is a way forward towards incorporating gas into the energy supply, and that is to use
a floating solution. The plant can be built in a country with known expertise and costs. It can
be built using proven technology and it can be installed offshore, reducing local opposition.
But new FLNG projects will only work if all stakeholders are involved from the outset. That
means the project promoters have to bring together suppliers, users, authorities, designers,
builders and operators of the FLNG, insurers and finance sources.The catalyst that will enable
all these diverse partners to work together is confidence in the feasibility and quality of the
project and chosen solution. That has to be provided by the experience, knowledge and
security that an expert group such as RINA brings to the project.
There is good experience now with FLNG so each project does not have to be a pioneer.
Standardisation of equipment and processes is bringing costs down and developers can
choose from proven technologies.
The RINA group is helping gas projects all over the world from South America to South Asia
with making the right choices of position, process and technology, and providing the vital
confidence to all parties to ensure the projects will proceed.
andrea.bombardi@rina.org
Singapore and RINA welcome the
world’s gas community to Gastech
2015.
The gas market and technology
are constantly changing, and RINA
SERVICES and D’Appolonia lead
those changes. The first offshore
FSRU, the first FLNG project, the
first marine CNG ship, the longest
offshore pipeline, the deepest
offshore geotechnical investigation,
the first offshore deepwater wind
turbine, all delivered with RINA
expertise and assistance. Right
now we are delivering technical
assistance to PT PLN (Persero) for
developing the largest small scale
LNG distribution project worldwide,
which includes more than twenty
LNG plants in Indonesia. Come and
talk with RINA at Gastech booth no.
C390 Hall 4. We can help you be a
leader too.
angelo.lonigro@dappolonia.it
contents
Oc tober 2015
}} SECURITY OF SUPPLY DRIVES FLNG
}} A SAFE APPROACH FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS
}} RINA APPROVAL IN PRINCIPLE FOR CNG
}} ENI MOZAMBIQUE LNG
}} ICHTHYS AND ANADARKO LNG
}} RINA EXPERTISE FOR GORGON
}} LIBYAN SUBSEA FEED FOR SEATECH
WELCOME TO GASTECH
Angelo lo nigro
Market Development
Manager Energy
Courtesy of PETRONAS

2. There is a shift away from oil and towards alternative fuels. So far LNG is the most common but
othersulphur-freefuelsthatcouldbeusedinenvironmentally-protectedareasareLPG,Ethane,
Methanol and Dimethyl Ether (DME). So far experience in shipping is limited for LNG and is
almost non-existent for the others.These fuels may present safety aspects not envisaged in the
recently-published IMO IGF Code. There may also be issues of reliability and maintainability.
RINA has developed the Technology Qualification Process (TQP) through which a novel
technology may be certified with respect to its fitness for service, which includes safety,
availability and performance. For new fuels this process will include risk assessment for the
process systems onboard and during refuelling, HSE risk assessment, studies for tank location
and test and survey campaigns on the engine and auxiliaries agreed with stakeholders.
A well performed TQ will show the feasibility and appeal of a new technology not only to the
stakeholders, but also to the market.
giovanni.guassardo@rina.org
}}A SAFE APPROACH FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS
RINA has approved in principle the Fincantieri Offshore CNG32000 ship design which is aimed
at delivering a cost-effective solution for monetizing marginal gas fields using Compressed
Natural Gas technology. The vessel has a double-hull and a cutting-edge system of racks that
are separately demountable for in-depth and safer maintenance.
RINA has developed rules to cover the safety issues related to CNG transportation, with the
aid of Approval in Principle and Technology Qualification certifications to cover the most
important aspects relevant to the fitness for service.
Transporting natural gas under pressure as CNG instead of liquefying it offers advantages of
simplicity and much lower cost and so makes viable alternative means of exploiting isolated
or marginal gas fields which will not support a full infrastructure.
dino.cervetto@rina.org
}}RINA APPROVAL IN PRINCIPLE FOR CNG
RINA@WORK - n ews le tte r of the rina group
EMASisaleadingfullfieldcontracting
group providing specialized marine
supportservices,subseaconstruction
and offshore installation, floating
production, fabrication and well
services to the global offshore energy
sector.
EMAS – a leading global contracting
group providing offshore/subsea
construction, marine, production
and well intervention services – is
Ezra’s operating brand. With offices
across six continents, it delivers
solutions to the oil and gas industry
by combining its global footprint
and proven engineering skills with
a diverse offering of premium assets
and services designed to fully meet
clients’needs.
Operating in unison, Ezra’s core
divisions are able to execute a full
spectrum of seabed-to-surface
engineering, construction, marine
and production services globally.
Mr. Tiziano Zarbo, Senior Vice
President for Global Assets in EMAS
Subsea,statesthat“beingalwaysona
fastpathofgrowthanddevelopment,
we value the highly responsive
support and collaboration RINA is
offering as our reliable partner in the
development of our projects.
RINA is providing us with certification
and inspection and consulting
services supporting our group in
maintaining impressive KPIs in HSE
and in executing the most complex
projects within precise schedules and
quality to deliver optimum results to
meet our clients’requirements.”
www.emas.com
Tiziano Zarbo
Senior Vice President for
Global Assets, EMAS
Courtesy of Fincantieri

3. SCPX PIPELINE
RINA Azerbaijan was chosen by SAIPEM-
AZFEN to provide third party welding
inspection on the Baku-Tbilisi 480 km gas
pipeline (SCPX project). It is the first section
of a major infrastructural project, including
Tanap and TAP, that will make it possible for
gas from Azerbaijan to enter the European gas
pipeline system.
paolo.facchini@rina.org
3D Printing
CENTRO SVILUPPO MATERIALI is using its
expertiseinmetallurgicalprocessestosupport
ANSALDO ENERGIA and MBDA in adopting
additive manufacturing technologies
and new 3D high performance powders.
Additive manufacturing technologies and
3D printing represent a huge opportunity for
the manufacturing sector, accelerating the
development and manufacturing processes
of complex geometry components.
d.pocci@c-s-m.it
RINA@WORK - newsletter of the rina group
Gas Sayago is a state-owned
Uruguayancompany.Itistobuildand
operate the future LNG terminal in
Montevideo, Uruguay. This terminal
will include an FSRU, LNG transfer
with rigid arms and a berthing point.
The project includes the design,
construction and operation of a new
regasification terminal and ancillary
works.
Says Ariel Álvarez Gebelín, Technical
Director, Gas Sayago, “The core
mission of the Technical Department
istocontrolsafeprojectdevelopment,
guaranteeing the deployment of best
practices and compliance with all
national and international codes and
standards as well as the technical
requirements and specifications from
our shareholders.
“Thechallengeofthisprojectincludes
multidisciplinary duties and relevant
experience, emphasizing marine
engineering, offshore infrastructures,
port services, logistics, safety
assessments, environmental issues,
pipeline onshore and offshore, LNG
handling and transfer facilities.
“In consortium with Techfem,
D’Appolonia executed the FEED
design and safety studies of the
pipeline and are now supervising its
construction.Thesupervisionincludes
coordination, civil, HSE, mechanical,
welding, instrumentation, NDT and
QA/QC services and engineering
support. D’Appolonia services are
very professional.They are reactive to
our demands and very cooperative.
www.gassayago.com.uy
}}ENI MOZAMBIQUE LNG
RINA’s engineering arm, D’Appolonia, has completed a major near shore site investigation for
ENI’s Mozambique LNG project.The facility will be located near Palma, in a beautiful if remote
part of northern Mozambique.
The survey included environmental, geophysical and geotechnical teams, utilizing two jack
up platforms, three survey spreads, a mobile field laboratory and over fifty site personnel.
Data will be used for design of the marine facilities of the terminal and the landfall for the gas
pipeline arriving from the offshore wells.
The terminal will consist of gas receiving and processing, liquefaction facilities, cryogenic
storage tanks and loadout facilities to export the liquefied gas via tankers. Auxiliary facilities
willalsoberequired,asubstantialjetty,supplybasewithportandlocalcamp.TheD’Appolonia
team worked closely with the local villagers to successfully perform the operations in such a
pristine environment.
eric.parker@dappolonia.it
NEWS IN BRIEF
Mozambiquedevelopment
Saipem has appointed RINA to evaluate pipe-
laying units and to approve in principle the
unit that will lay the pipeline for the shore
approach for the ENI bid for the Coral Field
development off Mozambique. There is a
special focus to minimise the impact on the
environment to meet Mozambique’s strict
environment protection policy.
mauro.boni@rina.org
FLNGEquipmentStrategy
JGC has chosen D’Appolonia to carry out
Equipment Reliability Studies for the PFLNG -
2 project. JGC is involved in the engineering
and procurement of the new LNG facilities,
installed at the deepwater Rotan Gas field
offshore Sabah, Malaysia and operated by
Petronas.
gabriele.noli@dappolonia.it
Ariel Álvarez Gebelín
Technical Director, Gas
Sayago

4. QIC Inc has provided technical inspections, quality assurance/control and quality supervision for
critical components on behalf of Chevron for the Western Australia Gorgon offshore gas project. QIC
is a Houston-based company which joined RINA during 2015, specialized in technical inspections and
project management for drilling, completion and subsea equipment.
Gorgon is a major gas project and the largest single resource project development in Australia’s
history. QIC supported Chevron with its expertise in Liner Hangers, Packers, Subsea Trees and other
completion equipment. On the same project, D’Appolonia carried out for GE O&G the multidisciplinary
design for five 130 MW gas turbine power generation modules.
The synergies between RINA’s network and QIC’s specific skills continue to develop their combined
potential against a solid background of a wider portfolio of competences.
cfletcher@qicinc.com
WWW.RINAGROUP.ORG
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Editorial Office: RINA S.p.A. - Via Corsica 12, Genova, 16128
Ph. +39 010 53851 Fax +39 010 5351000
E-mail: editorial@rina.org
Publication n° 26/73 dated 14/4/1973
registered with the Court of Genova
Editor in charge: Marcello Lucentini
Executive Editor: Marlena Dozio
Graphic Design: Elena Forte
Printer: Microart S.r.l.
}}ICHTHYS AND ANADARKO LNG
}}DrillingandCompletionExpertiseforGorgon
RINA@WORK - n ews le tte r of the rina group
Fano-based SeaTech, which is specialised in pipeline and subsea engineering and part of the RINA Group, has carried out the FEED of the
subsea structures and flowlines gathering system for the Bahr Essalam Phase II subsea field offshore Libya.
The design of the subsea structures, two manifolds, two PLEMs, two SSIVs and the X-mas tree protection structures, included definition of the
layout of the internal piping and the design of the foundations.
CriticalissuesfacedintheFEEDweredesignofinsulationofallthePipe-In-Pipeandsinglepipeflowlinestocontrolheatlossesoftheproduction
fluid, design spools and expansion loops according to the OHTC flow-assurance requirements, and the performance of a dedicated study to
address soil liquefaction in extreme earthquake issues.
fabio.launaro@seatech.it
}}Libyan Subsea FEED for SeaTech
D’Appolonia has been appointed as the Independent Environmental and Social Consultant for
both the Ichthys, Australia, and the Anadarko, Mozambique, LNG Projects. Both projects foresee the
development of offshore production facilities, subsea gas pipelines, and onshore LNG processing
facilities.
The Ichthys Project involves the world’s largest semi-submersible, an onshore processing facility and
889 km pipeline.The Mozambique LNG Project is a first of its kind LNG facility on the east coast of Africa.
D’Appolonia’s Lenders Engineering division is currently undertaking the Environmental and Social
Due Diligence (ESDD) for the Anadarko Project, while the ESDD process for Ichthys was completed
in 2012, with D’Appolonia providing ongoing construction monitoring to date against International
Finance Institution requirements.
giovanni.defranchi@dappolonia.it