Keynote presentation from the CDE’s Research and Innovation in Distance Education and eLearning conference, held at Senate House London on 19 October 2012. Conducted by Steve Wheeler (Plymouth University)

1. Emerging Pedagogies,
Learning Spaces and Communities
Steve Wheeler
@timbuckteeth
Plymouth University

3. http://scoop.intel.com/what-happens-in-an-internet-minute/

5. Social Tagging
“Delicious is like a
virtual fieldtrip
through a library
built by the
recommendations
of others.”
http://www.oliverquinlan.com
– Chris Sessums (2010)

7. Disruptive Technology

8. Gutenberg
1439: Mass
produced M
movable type
(Disruptive
Technology)
www.cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at

9. The First Mobile Phone

10. The ‘Brick’
http://www.xianet.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/first-mobile-phone.jpg

11. Neutral technologies?
http://www.oldukphotos.com

12. http://www.slideshare.net/courosa/why-social-networks-matter

14. “We are becoming distributed beings.
Mobile makes the trend more explicit.”
- Mark Curtis (2005)

15. Digital Cultural Capital
(Membership of the Tribe)
“Where digital
communication has
fractured the tyranny of
distance and computers
have become pervasive and
ubiquitous, identification
through digital mediation
has become the new
cultural capital”.
- Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
Image Source: http://www.coreideas.com.au/

16. Digital Totems
For digital tribes
... their totems
are their social
networking tools
within the World
Wide Web.
Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes
http://www.faqs.org

17. Digital Totems
• Gathering place
• Rituals and rules
• Celebration and fun
• Transmission of customs,
social mores and values
(storytelling)
• = Tribal identity
• = Social networks
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jcbwalsh/3412625028/
Source: Wheeler (2009) Digital Tribes

18. Flickrites and Facebookers
http://www.travel-images.com http://www.coal-is-dirty.com

19. Wikipedians
(Deletionism +
Exclusionism)
/Inclusionism
=
“What I Know Is..”

20. Connected
Image source: http://i.imwx.com
cc Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2010

21. The Future...?
• 1990: ‘The future is multi-media’
• 2000: ‘The future is the Web’
• 2010: ‘The future is smart mobile’

22. Multimedia brought
the world into the
classroom...
Smart technologies
will take the
classroom into the
world.
www.canada.com

23. Adapted from : Nova Spivak
Web 3.0 Web x.0
Degree of Information Connectivity
Semantic Web Meta Web
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
The Web Social Web
Degree of Social Connectivity

24. The (Smart) eXtended Web
Web 3.0 Web x.0
Degree of Information Connectivity
Semantic Web Meta Web
Connects knowledge Connects intelligence
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
The Web Social Web
Connects information Connects people
Degree of Social Connectivity

25. We are already seeing early evidence
of the Smart eXtended Web
Intelligent Filtering
Recommender Systems
http://chemistscorner.com

26. Personal Devices
Enhanced Vision
Ubiquitous connection
http://abdtechnology.com/tag/google-glass/

28. Technological Pedagogical Symbiosis*
TI * PI
(McRae, 2012)
Transformation?
Source: http://www.learnerosity.com/?p=890

29. Flipping the
classroom?
TED
http://schipul.com/photos/3659/in/122/

30. Flip the roles, not the classroom

31. We learn by teaching
http://campussolutionsinc.com/tag/reach-college-students/

32. Bearpit Pedagogy
http://open.salon.com

33. TD Effects (Close TD)
--
Structure
++
Dialogue
T S
Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance

34. TD Effects
+ +
Dialogue Structure
T S
Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance

35. TD Effects (Remote TD)
--
Dialogue
++
Structure
T S
Source: Moore (1989) Transactional Distance

36. 3 key human interaction
characteristics...
Cognition
Cooperation
Communication

37. ... and web tools
that facilitate Blog
them
Cognition
Cooperation
Wiki
Communication
Social
Network

38. Image source: http://businessinnovationfactory.com
“We are seeing peer-based learning
networks where students are learning as
much from each other as they are from
their mentors and tutors.”
– John Seely-Brown

39. http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/
Paragogy

40. Connectivism
We live in a techno-social world
Learning occurs inside and outside of
people – we store our knowledge in
computers and in other people
– George Siemens
Source: George Siemens www.connectivism.ca/
http://www.sciencedaily.com

41. Making connections
In connectivism, learning involves creating
connections and developing a network. It is
a theory for the digital age drawing upon
chaos, emergent properties, and self
organised learning.
(It’s not what you know but who
you know)
http://www.pestproducts.com Source: Wikipedia

42. Since we cannot experience everything, other
people’s experiences, and hence other people,
become the surrogate for knowledge.
‘I store my knowledge in my friends’ is an
axiom for collecting knowledge through
collecting people. - Karen Stephenson
http://bradley.chattablogs.com

43. Deleuze & Rhizomes
Guattari
Anarchy of the Web

44. Rhizomatic learning
http://archbold-station.org
“...multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit
points in data representation and
interpretation.”

45. Rhizomatic learning
“A rhizomatic plant has no
© Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2008
centre and no defined
boundary; rather, it is made
up of a number of semi-
independent nodes, each of
which is capable of growing
and spreading on its own,
bounded only by the limits
of its habitat.”
Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/

46. Rhizomatic learning
“In the rhizomatic view,
© Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2008
knowledge can only be
negotiated, [and is] a
personal knowledge-
creation process with
mutable goals and
constantly negotiated
premises.”
Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/

47. Open Networks
If ... information is
recognized as useful to
the community ... it can
be counted as
knowledge.
The community, then,
has the power to create
knowledge within a
given context and leave
that knowledge as a new
node connected to the
rest of the network’.
– Dave Cormier (2008) http://inperspire.blogspot.com

48. Community as curriculum

50. Three kinds of learner support
These are
usually
provided
by peers
Social Technical
support support
Academic
support Traditionally the
domain of the
Source: Carnwell (2000)
teacher/tutor

51. http://www.flickr.com/photos/56155476@N08/5667863948/

52. Power users 14%
Irregular users 14%
Ordinary users 27%
Basic users 45%
n = 2096, mean age range 17-23 years
Source: Kennedy et al (2010) Beyond Digital Natives and Immigrants: Exploring
types of net generation students, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26 (5).

53. http://truedantalion.blogspot.co.uk/2011/09/silver-surfers.html
Digital Residents or Visitors?

54. http://www.flickr.com/photos/will-lion/3601144842/sizes/l/in/photostream/

55. Viral Video
25 million views 46 million views
51 million views 447 million views

57. “Lee Harvey and the Wailers”
(Lee Harvey did not jam alone)
http://www.myspace.com/hsu/photos/6850630

58. “60% of all Internet
pages contain
misleading
information.”
- Thomas Edison
Learners need ‘digital wisdom’

59. “Knowledge that
is acquired under
compulsion
obtains no hold
on the mind.”
Plato
- Socrates
http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-713124904

60. Wikipedia is
crowdsourcing
evaluation

61. MOOC

62. “How can
technology make
http://www.global-images.net
a person better?
Only in this way:
by providing each
person with
http://www.global-images.net
chances.”
- Kevin Kelly

63. W: steve-wheeler.net
E: swheeler@plymouth.ac.uk
B: steve-wheeler.blogspot.com
T: @timbuckteeth