Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues, resulting in pain, swelling, and stiffness. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms include tender, warm, swollen joints and morning stiffness. There are two clinical categories - seropositive patients have antibodies that can be detected years before symptoms appear, while seronegative patients develop RA without antibodies present. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests for markers like anti-CCP antibodies, and x-rays. Treatment options include physiotherapy, medications, and sometimes surgery.

1. SPECIFIC AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER –
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Prepared by,
Sharmila R

2. Introduction:
 It is a long-term, progressive, and
disabling autoimmune disease.
 It causes inflammation, swelling, and
pain in and around the joints and other
body organs.
 It is a chronic inflammatory disease.
 It also affect the skin, lungs, blood vessel.
 Moreover, it affects the women than men.

4. ETIOLOGY:
 Age
 Smoking
 Environmental exposures Flares
 Family history
 Obesity

5. SYMPTOMS:
 Tender, warm, swollen joints
 Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the
mornings and after inactivity
 Fatigue

7. Clinical categories:
Seropositive:
 Patients have anticyclic cittrullinated
peptides(anti-CCP).
 These are the ab that produces RA
symptoms.
 The presence these antibodies detected 5-
10 years before clinical RA symptoms appear.

8. Seronegative:
 Patients develop RA even in the absence of
antibodies in their blood.
 Patients those who show negative result for
anti – CCP.
 Though it’s possible for seronegative patients
to have milder rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
than seropositive patients.
 Many seronegative patients may not respond
to typical rheumatoid arthritis treatments.

9. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis:
 It is another type, that affects patients
under the age of 17 years old.
 It is diagnosed from a series of different
blood tests including testing for
rheumatoid factor and the presence of
anti-CCPs.
 Doctors may not be able to detect
abnormalities in the blood tests of
children.

10. DIAGNOSIS:
 Physical examination by doctor.
 Blood test like anti CCP, ESR.
 X-Ray can also help to diagnose.

11. TREATMENT:
 Physiotherapy
 Medication
 Surgery – Arthroplasty and joint
replacement
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