2. Do Now
1. Grab two post-its and a notes packet from the back
lab table
2. Write down the first two things you think about when
you hear the word “waste” on these post-its
3. Put your post-its up on the board when you’re
finished!
http://visuwords.com/waste
3.
4. 21.1 Waste
• “In nature there is essentially no waste because
the wastes of one organism become nutrients
for others.”
• Solid Waste- any waste that is not liquid or gas
• Hazardous Waste- waste that threatens human
health or the environment
5. Every time you throw your trash
“away”…
Where does it go?
6. Solid Waste Types
1. Industrial:
produced by mines,
agriculture, and
industries that
supply people with
goods and services
2. Municipal: produced by
homes and workplaces.
Paper, cardboard, food,
cans, bottles, metals,
plastics and e-wastes.
7. Trash People by H. A. Schult
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=lbdQb0wqb44
8. Types of Hazardous Waste
• Organic Compounds- solvents, pesticides, etc.
• Toxic Heavy Metals- lead, mercury, arsenic
• Radioactive waste- from power plants. Must be
stored for up to 240,000 years!
10. Why does all of this matter?
90% of the
things we waste
could be reused
or recycled
Instead: crush,
mix, burn and
bury these
materials
We create air
pollution, water
pollution and
greenhouse
gases
11. The United States
• Produces 1/3 of all solid waste in the world, even
though our population is 4.6% of the world’s
• 98.5% of our solid waste is from agriculture, mining
and industry
• Other 1.5% is from municipal waste
14. Every day
• 274 million plastic
shopping bags (3,200
bags per second) are
thrown out
• 425,000 cell phones and
132,000 computers are
thrown out
Every hour
• 2.5 thousand plastic
water bottles are thrown
out
15.
16. 21.2 How do we handle this waste
problem?
• Waste management-ways of
reducing the environmental
impact of MSW without
trying to actively reduce the
amount produced
• Waste reduction-less waste
and pollution are produced
(preventative)
17. In waste reduction:
The wastes that are produced are viewed as resources to
be reused, recycled or composted
18. • Record all of the solid waste you make during a week
• For extra credit: carry a bag of all of the solid waste you
make with you for three days!
Personal Solid Waste
Inventory DUE: Monday,
November 23
20. Do Now
• Write down one example of a waste item that
takes a long time to decompose.
• Have you ever seen the movie Wall-E? Take a
guess at the plot from this picture.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1BQPV-iCkU (humans)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHH3iSeDBLo (earth)
22. What is the best method?
• A combination of
waste reduction and
management
Currently in the U.S.:
• 54% MSW is buried
• 25% recycled
• 14% burned
• 7% composted
25. 1. Redesign
manufacturing
process and
products
2. Develop products
that are easy to
repair, reuse,
remake, compost,
or recycle
3. Eliminate or
reduce packaging
1. Use a fee-per-
bag waste
system
2. Require
companies to
take back
consumer
products
3. Restructure
urban
transportation
systems.
26. • Waste reduction strategy
• Decreases matter and energy required
• Decreases pollution
• Creates local jobs
• Saves money
Reusing
27. What we often don’t think about…
• In developing
countries, the
lower class often
hunt through
garbage for
reusable items to
sell
• Items are usually
exposed to toxins
and diseases
28. • European Union requires that 95% of a damaged car be reused
• Support flea markets & second-hand clothing stores
• www.freecycle.org A site where neighbors are giving away
household items for FREE!
29. • Write down 2 ways that we could work to reuse more items
• Name one problem with landfills
30.
31. • They are running out of places to put waste
• Common Myth: A landfill in New York
(Fresh Kills Landfill) can be seen from space.
• Landfills are the third largest source of
methane emissions in the U.S.
32. Landfill Design
Lab
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsyg472MQp8
• Get into groups (or you can work on your own) and
design a landfill on a poster that would be an
improvement over a modern landfill
• Get as creative as you would like, but back up your
design with evidence from 2 online sources
• Make a works cited with these two sources
33. Do Now
• Think about reasons
why companies use
plastic to package
their materials
• There are three
different possible
paths in the “life
cycle” of a plastic
bottle. Write down a
guess for what these
three pathways are.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6xlNyWPpB8
34. Why do companies use plastic?
• Glass bottles=reusable but more
expensive to manufacture
• Plastic is the cheap alternative
• Big companies make more money
producing and shipping plastic bottles
that are just thrown away
• These companies have used their
political power to keep the U.S. from
passing bottle laws that would require
the companies to take back any bottle
35. • Denmark and Finland have banned all bottles that
cannot be reused
• Why hasn’t the U.S.?
36. What about plastic bags?
• Reusable bags can be used instead of paper or plastic
• In Ireland a tax of 25 cents per bag has been implemented.
This has caused bag litter to be cut by 90%!
• The plastic industry has mounted a successful campaign
against this tax
• http://www.shiftdesign.org.uk/products/im-not-a-plastic-
bag/
37. • Primary or closed-loop
recycling: Turning an
item back into the same
item.
• Secondary recycling:
Materials are converted
into different products.
2 Types of Recycling
38. Pre-consumer or
internal waste
• Generated when
products are produced
Post-consumer or
external waste
• Generated by the consumers
using the product
39. • The U.S. recycles 25% of MSW
• Japan and Switzerland recycle about 50%
Around the World
40. We do recycle…
• 56% of our aluminum cans
• 56% of our paper
• 36% of our tires
• 22% of our glass
• 5% of our plastics
With education, experts
predict that all levels could
be up to 70%!!
41. • Send the mixed urban wastes to materials-recovery facilities.
Valuable material is separated out of the waste and the rest
gets recycled or burned to produce steam power.
• CON: Expensive and produce toxic ash. Need a constant flow
of garbage to make a profit so they actually promote garbage
production.
One way
to
recycle:
42. What is a better option?
• Have people sort their own trash at home, it would
cost much less and produce less pollution.
• In some areas, homeowners are charged a fee per
bag of trash. This has increased recycling up to
85% in these areas!
47. • Composting: decomposers recycle wastes, which can then
be added to the soil to supply nutrients, slow soil erosion,
retain water, and improve crop yield.
• Over 6 million homes in the U.S. compost and the number
is rising.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1kIpCBD3UI
48. RECYCLING
Good:
Reduces air and water pollution
Saves energy
Reduces greenhouse emissions
Reduces solid waste production
and disposal
Save landfill space
Important part of economy
Bad:
More expensive
May lose money for items like
glass and some plastics
Reduces profits for landfill and
incinerator owners
Source separation is
inconvenient
49. How can we encourage
recycling??
• There are tax breaks for resource-extracting
companies. We could give breaks to those
companies that recycle instead!
• The price paid for recycled goods changes often.
We could stick to one price.
• Encourage fee-per-bag system.
• Require companies to take back recycled items.
50.
51. Burning
• We burn 16% of total MSW
• Decreases the amount of waste, but emits harmful
pollutants (CO2, carbon monoxide, mercury)
• To make $, incinerators must burn large amounts of
waste daily
52. Burying (in landfills)
There are two types of landfills:
1. Open dumps-fields or holes in
the ground where garbage is
deposited and sometimes
burned. Rare in developed
countries.
2. Sanitary landfills- solid waste
spread in thin layers,
compacted, and covered daily
with a fresh layer of clay or
plastic foam. This layer keeps
the trash dry and stops leaks.
53. Advantages & Disadvantages to
Burying
• No burning
required
• Built quickly
• Cheap
• Filled land can be
reused
• Releases
Greenhouse gases
• Slow decomposition
• Leaks
• Encourages waste
production
54.
55. Do Now
• Would you use any of
these upcycled materials
in your home?
• Why is it better that these
items get reused instead of
ending up in a landfill?
56.
57. FIRST: Collect & Detoxify by
1.Physical methods- Distilling or using charcoal
2.Chemical methods- Add chemicals to remove toxins
3.Nanomagnets- Attract oil to remove it from water.
4.Biological methods- Release bacteria and/or enzymes
5.Phytoremediation- Plants absorb, filter and remove
contaminants
6.Plasma arc torch- Uses plasma to burn the hazardous waste
58. Storing hazardous waste is the most common “solution”
• Deep well disposal- Liquid hazardous waste is piped down
underground below drinking waters. These sites are limited and often
the waste ends up in drinking water anyway.
• Surface impoundments- liquid hazardous wastes are poured into
ponds that have a liner. EPS studies have shown that 70% of these in
the US have no liner and 90% threaten drinking water.
59. • People must reduce the
overall amount of waste
they produce
• “Not in my Backyard”
mentality “Not in
Anyone’s Backyard!”
60. • Everyone is entitled to protection from environmental hazards.
• Most polluting factories, hazardous waste dumps, incinerators and
landfills are located in communities populated by minorities.
• The environmental justice movement: Pressures the government to
act to prevent and stop injustice.
ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE
61. Cancer Alley, Louisiana
• http://canceralleyvacation.weebly.com/where-did-the-cancer-alley-
nickname-derive-from.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCYryQpOn1o
62. • For decades, developed countries had been
shipping hazardous wastes to developing
countries
• In 1989 UNEP developed a treaty known
as the Basel Convention.
• It banned this activity without permission
from the developing country.
• By 2008 152 countries had ratified this
treaty EXCEPT for Haiti, Afghanistan,
and the US.
63. Persistent Organic Pollutants
• In 2000, delegates from 122 countries completed a
treaty to control 12 persistent organic pollutants.
• They are insoluble in water and soluble in fat. This
means that they can accumulate in the fatty
tissue of humans and animals.
• A study showed that EVERY person on earth
has detectable levels of these POPs. Health
effects are unknown. The US has not ratified
this treaty.
64. • Everything is connected
• There is no “away” in
throwing something away
• Landfills are not the perfect
solution
• The BEST and CHEAPEST
way to deal with waste is to
PREVENT it!!
65. While reading the article:
1. Quotes/Information side: write interesting quotes or
information in the left column
2. Reactions side: write your thoughts about each
Quote/Information in the right column
ARTICLE STRATEGY
66. Homework:
Homework: Finish this article using the chart.
Also, remember about:
• Monday your Waste Inventories are due (Make sure to do the
Questions)
• Tuesday is your Quiz on Solid and Hazardous Waste
• Wednesday the Upcycling/Recycling Projects are due
67. Do Now
• Review your
notes for a few
minutes until
everyone arrives
• Put your landfills
on the lab tables
• REVIEW GAME!
• Reminder: Quiz
tomorrow on
Solid &
Hazardous
Waste
68. QUIZ DAY
• Take ten minutes to review your
notes and ask any last minute
questions you have
• Good luck!! I know all of you
can do it
• When you’re done hand in your
quiz at the front desk and take a
student survey to fill out
70. Ending Quote 2
“Humanity; the most intelligent species on the planet, capable
of anything, but is governed by its aggression and youth. A
species fast in developing, but slow in maturing.
Once a species that cared about its home, its provider, let its
ego dominate its decisions. A period of ignorance and neglect
has had profound effects across the world. Effects which can
be reversed, if nature is given the time to repair the damage.
Remember: We only have one home.”
Write on your index card your thoughts about this quote
Picture with quotation in perspective
(Basic)
To reproduce the effects on this slide, do the following:
On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.
On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.
Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Georgia from the Font list, enter 27 in the Font Size box, and then click Italic.
On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Left to align the text left in the text box.
Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Fill, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to 3-D Rotation, and then under Perspective, click Perspective Relaxed Moderately (second row, second option from the left).
Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to 3-D Rotation, and then click 3-D Rotation Options.
In the Format Text Effects dialog box, click 3-D Rotation in the left pane, and then do the following in the right pane:
In the Y box, enter 324.8°.
In the Perspective box, enter 80°.
To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Background group, click Background Styles, and then click Format Background.
In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and then in the right pane click Picture or texture fill.
Under Insert from, click File.
In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and then click Insert.
