The document summarizes solid waste management in Mumbai, India. Mumbai generates over 7,000 tons of waste per day consisting of mixed and debris waste. Waste is collected and transported to three dumping grounds, with Deonar being the largest. Dumping grounds are reaching capacity and closing within 5-6 years. The Municipal Corporation of Mumbai is responsible for management but budget allocation remains low, and informal waste sorting by rag pickers diverts waste. Improved citizen participation in reducing, reusing, and recycling is needed to alleviate the waste crisis.
Trichy has always bagged top honors in swachh surveksha, a ranking system introduced by the government of India to measure the cleanliness of rural and urban areas.I was part of the Swachh Bharath team and observed their activities for two weeks.Based on my observation I made a report about the efforts made by Trichy corporation in effective solid waste management and eradication of open defecation
The document discusses the sanitation scenario in urban villages located in Gurgaon, India. It finds that over 90% of households have their own toilets and do not defecate outside. However, many dispose of children's stool improperly. At the village level, most households collect garbage properly, though some throw it in open areas. While younger generations find conditions generally unclean, older residents perceive things as cleaner. Overall, sanitation conditions expose residents to health and environmental risks from waste, wastewater and contaminated drinking water sources. Improving household hygiene practices, waste collection, and drainage systems is needed to enhance environmental sanitation.
The document discusses the work of Stree Mukti Sanghatana (SMS), a women's organization established in 1975 in Mumbai, and its subsidiary Parisar Vikas to empower waste picker women. SMS organizes waste picker women into self-help groups and a federation called Parisar Bhagini Vikas Sangha to facilitate microfinance activities. Through training in skills like composting and operating biogas plants, SMS helps 5000 waste picker women secure work contracts and operate cooperatives and scrap shops. The organization also aims to improve health, education and social security for waste picker communities.
This document discusses plans for promoting cleanliness in the city of Vadodara, India. It outlines various awareness programs that could be implemented, such as wall paintings depicting a clean city and lectures to inspire citizens. It also proposes policies like fining littering and spitting in public areas. Solutions for solid waste management are provided, such as recycling plastic waste and generating biogas from organic waste. The goal is for Vadodara to become a sustainable, clean city with efficient administration and services through these awareness programs and policies.
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Indore, India. It finds that while Indore Municipal Corporation collects around 900 tons of waste daily, only 400 tons are processed with the remainder disposed in landfills. Issues identified include a lack of segregation, insufficient waste infrastructure, and a need for improved worker safety and transportation. The study forecasts that waste will nearly double by 2021. It recommends improved community involvement in segregation and reduction efforts as well as enhanced municipal infrastructure and monitoring to develop a more sustainable waste management system.
Supply chain as a tool for solid waste management gurgaonKumar Mukund
Supply Chain Management has turn out to be crucial component of corporate management strategy. The method may be applied to assortment, separation, processing and dumping of organic waste in a city.
Present paper attempts to realize the existing way of disposing organic waste in area of Municipal Corporation of Gurgaon (MCG) and the option to relate the system of Supply Chain Management for the similar task, by using stake holder model. Technically stake holders convey about communication, organization and sheathe frame works meant in provided that value to users. We are interested in applying stake holder’s technology for scheming and controlling the dynamic performance of supply chain.
The document discusses strategies for improving city management systems based on examples from Philadelphia and Portland in the US. It proposes implementing a more effective waste disposal and recycling system that relies on segregating garbage at its source. The city commissioner was impressed by how the two US cities generate revenue by recycling waste into products like tissue paper and plastic cups. Moving forward, the city will focus on creating public awareness about separating dry, wet and compostable garbage. This would help the city body reduce the load on landfills and potentially generate income.
Pune generates over 1600 tons of solid waste per day. It has implemented an integrated solid waste management system that focuses on source segregation, door-to-door collection, transportation, processing and scientific disposal. Key aspects include partnering with waste picker organizations, operating decentralized biogas plants, constructing a 300 TPD bio-CNG plant, and a 300 TPD waste-to-energy plant utilizing pyrolysis gasification. The goal is to attain better service delivery, enhance infrastructure, achieve financial sustainability, and eventually make Pune a zero garbage city.
Trichy has always bagged top honors in swachh surveksha, a ranking system introduced by the government of India to measure the cleanliness of rural and urban areas.I was part of the Swachh Bharath team and observed their activities for two weeks.Based on my observation I made a report about the efforts made by Trichy corporation in effective solid waste management and eradication of open defecation
The document discusses the sanitation scenario in urban villages located in Gurgaon, India. It finds that over 90% of households have their own toilets and do not defecate outside. However, many dispose of children's stool improperly. At the village level, most households collect garbage properly, though some throw it in open areas. While younger generations find conditions generally unclean, older residents perceive things as cleaner. Overall, sanitation conditions expose residents to health and environmental risks from waste, wastewater and contaminated drinking water sources. Improving household hygiene practices, waste collection, and drainage systems is needed to enhance environmental sanitation.
The document discusses the work of Stree Mukti Sanghatana (SMS), a women's organization established in 1975 in Mumbai, and its subsidiary Parisar Vikas to empower waste picker women. SMS organizes waste picker women into self-help groups and a federation called Parisar Bhagini Vikas Sangha to facilitate microfinance activities. Through training in skills like composting and operating biogas plants, SMS helps 5000 waste picker women secure work contracts and operate cooperatives and scrap shops. The organization also aims to improve health, education and social security for waste picker communities.
This document discusses plans for promoting cleanliness in the city of Vadodara, India. It outlines various awareness programs that could be implemented, such as wall paintings depicting a clean city and lectures to inspire citizens. It also proposes policies like fining littering and spitting in public areas. Solutions for solid waste management are provided, such as recycling plastic waste and generating biogas from organic waste. The goal is for Vadodara to become a sustainable, clean city with efficient administration and services through these awareness programs and policies.
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Indore, India. It finds that while Indore Municipal Corporation collects around 900 tons of waste daily, only 400 tons are processed with the remainder disposed in landfills. Issues identified include a lack of segregation, insufficient waste infrastructure, and a need for improved worker safety and transportation. The study forecasts that waste will nearly double by 2021. It recommends improved community involvement in segregation and reduction efforts as well as enhanced municipal infrastructure and monitoring to develop a more sustainable waste management system.
Supply chain as a tool for solid waste management gurgaonKumar Mukund
Supply Chain Management has turn out to be crucial component of corporate management strategy. The method may be applied to assortment, separation, processing and dumping of organic waste in a city.
Present paper attempts to realize the existing way of disposing organic waste in area of Municipal Corporation of Gurgaon (MCG) and the option to relate the system of Supply Chain Management for the similar task, by using stake holder model. Technically stake holders convey about communication, organization and sheathe frame works meant in provided that value to users. We are interested in applying stake holder’s technology for scheming and controlling the dynamic performance of supply chain.
The document discusses strategies for improving city management systems based on examples from Philadelphia and Portland in the US. It proposes implementing a more effective waste disposal and recycling system that relies on segregating garbage at its source. The city commissioner was impressed by how the two US cities generate revenue by recycling waste into products like tissue paper and plastic cups. Moving forward, the city will focus on creating public awareness about separating dry, wet and compostable garbage. This would help the city body reduce the load on landfills and potentially generate income.
Pune generates over 1600 tons of solid waste per day. It has implemented an integrated solid waste management system that focuses on source segregation, door-to-door collection, transportation, processing and scientific disposal. Key aspects include partnering with waste picker organizations, operating decentralized biogas plants, constructing a 300 TPD bio-CNG plant, and a 300 TPD waste-to-energy plant utilizing pyrolysis gasification. The goal is to attain better service delivery, enhance infrastructure, achieve financial sustainability, and eventually make Pune a zero garbage city.
The Vivekananda college in Chembur, Mumbai has implemented a zero-waste policy on campus by segregating and processing all waste generated. Wet food waste is composted in pits to produce rich manure for campus plants. Plastic, glass, and e-waste are separately collected and recycled or reused. The project has significantly reduced waste and increased environmental awareness among students. The college aims to expand the initiative to nearby vegetable markets to process their large amounts of wet waste.
This document proposes solutions to provide safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities in India. It notes that half of India's population lacks access to toilets and over 75 million people in rural India lack access to sanitation. Solutions proposed include collecting rainwater through rooftop harvesting, purifying the water through sand filtration before storage and distribution, ensuring access through door-to-door delivery or public access points, and managing distribution through decentralized local management and profit-sharing with private operators. Diagrams illustrate the rainwater collection and purification process.
Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. The document discusses various aspects of solid waste management including definitions of solid waste and SWM. It describes sources and types of waste as well as common collection and disposal methods like landfilling, incineration, compaction and pyrolysis. A case study on SWM in Mumbai outlines the waste generation, collection processes and disposal methods used. The objectives and importance of effective SWM are also highlighted.
Characterization of Wastewater in Rajouri Town, Jammu And Kashmir, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water exaggerated physically, chemically as well as biologically is known as wastewater. Thrown away process
of solid waste and its treatment has been the foremost environmental setback for most of the cities in India
especially in rural area. To make people aware about the level of contaminants in wastewater and to suggest the
ways of treatment of wastewater which will result in disposing off of domestic effluents without any danger to
human health, a study on characteristics of wastewater in Rajouri town in Jammu and Kashmir was conducted.
Concentrations of various physicochemical parameters like Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Turbidity,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Alkalinity, Hardness Chloride
Content, Nitrogen, Ammonium, Phosphorous, Iron and E-coli bacteria were determined. Study was done on five
different sampling locations. All the parameters were found to be generally exceeding the limits set by W.H.O
except for few sampling locations. The sampling site which was found to be the most polluted was Muradpur
(SL 5) thus affecting the population there because of being on the downstream side and the least affected site
was Kheora (SL2). In some sampling stations due to presence of vegetation at the disposal sites, the quality of
sewage to some extent are acceptable may be because the vegetation absorb some of its undesirable constituents.
To treat this wastewater and make it suitable for various purposes like irrigation, vegetation and other domestic
purposes a treatment plant which will benefit population of 37,552 souls. Construction of wetlands will also lead
to effective treatment and management of wastewater.
- Mumbai generates over 8,500 tonnes of solid waste per day that is currently sent to landfills.
- RUR Greenlife proposes innovative waste management solutions like segregation at source and decentralized composting to process waste into reusable resources.
- Their approach involves a 3 bin system for segregating wet, dry, and hazardous waste. Wet waste is composted on-site to produce "green gold" compost that can be used to grow organic food.
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of tanneries located in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh. Over 400 tanneries produce untreated wastewater containing chromium and other pollutants that flow into the Buriganga River. This has contaminated the water and soil, threatening the health of local residents and aquatic life. The government has tried to relocate the tanneries for over a decade but delays in establishing a wastewater treatment plant and unwillingness of owners has prevented successful relocation.
The document discusses solid waste management practices in Warangal City, India. It begins with definitions of solid waste and its various classifications. It then outlines the key functional elements of solid waste management systems, which include waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing, recovery, and disposal. The document specifically examines the municipal solid waste management system in Warangal City, as well as the bio-medical waste management practices, which include segregation, treatment through incineration and autoclaving, and disposal. It concludes by noting that solid waste in Warangal is primarily disposed of through dumping and incineration.
A lecture on 18th March 2017 on issues around 'Water and Children' in the Child Rights Circle monthly lecture series at Vijaya Teachers Training College, Jayangara, Bengaluru. The third lecture in the series.
Is a 100% Zero Waste Future Really Possible?Guy Dauncey
The document discusses the possibility of achieving 100% zero waste and provides examples of municipalities that have made significant progress toward this goal. Some key points:
- Santa Monica and San Francisco have recycling rates of 80% but need state legislation for producer responsibility to achieve 100%.
- Capannori, Italy reduced waste per person by 39% from 2004-2012 through citizen engagement and curbside composting and recycling.
- Kamikatsu, Japan has an 80% recycling rate and aims to be Japan's first zero waste town by 2020 through stringent self-sorting of waste.
The document discusses rebuilding Bengaluru's urban water culture through digging one million wells across the city. It notes that Bengaluru receives around 970mm of annual rainfall, equating to 2500-3000 MLD of water, but currently extracts only 600 MLD, leaving room for increased groundwater recharge through additional wells. Some ways wells can be dug include in public storm drains, layouts, gated communities, apartments, and schools. Traditional well diggers called the Bhovi community can help map aquifers and spread awareness. The goal is increased groundwater recharge to reduce flooding and supplement water needs.
Mumbai generates over 7,000 tons of solid waste per day that is currently collected and disposed of at three dumping grounds, however increasing population and waste generation is reducing the lifespan of these dumping grounds and creating health and environmental issues, while the informal sector plays a role in recycling but the city still faces challenges in properly managing its waste.
Solid waste management in Mumbai faces significant challenges due to the city's large population of over 13 million people. Mumbai generates around 7,000 tons of solid waste per day, consisting of biodegradable waste, recyclables, and debris. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai is responsible for waste collection and disposal, but dumping waste improperly, especially in coastal areas and creeks, is threatening the environment and human health. Finding suitable long-term solutions for waste disposal and management that protect public health and the environment will require addressing issues around increasing waste quantities, limited existing landfill capacity, and improper waste dumping practices.
Urban India produces over 120,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day, with major cities generating between 0.8 to 1 kg of waste per person daily. Most solid waste ends up dumped on land rather than being composted. Several sources produce solid waste, including households, agriculture, industry, hospitals, and electronics. Improper waste disposal pollutes water sources and spreads diseases. New disposal methods proposed include underground storage and dumping in oceans or space. Recycling is preferable to reduce waste and reuse materials. The document outlines a three step approach communities can take - through education, trial separation of wet and dry waste, and establishing composting systems - to achieve zero waste management.
This presentation describes the problem of solid waste in India and also the existing methods to manage this waste. In the end I have mentioned some innovative methods of handling our waste which could change the way we perceive our garbage.
Pune, India faces increasing waste management challenges as its population grows rapidly. It currently generates around 2,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste per day, which is projected to rise to 3,255 tonnes by 2025. Households produce around 70% of the waste, with the remaining 30% from commercial establishments. Around 87.5% of the waste is collected and treated through various methods like composting and landfilling, while the remaining waste is either uncollected or composted at source. Proper waste management is important to prevent health and environmental issues.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
The document discusses solid waste management in India. It notes that there has been a significant increase in municipal solid waste generation in India in recent decades due to population growth and economic development. Solid waste management has become a major environmental issue as waste collection and disposal systems in most cities are insufficient. Common problems include open dumping of garbage, lack of waste segregation, and groundwater contamination from landfill leachate. Indian municipalities face the challenge of improving waste management infrastructure and ensuring the scientific disposal of waste.
Legacy Waste Management - A Case Study of Pune CityIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the management of legacy waste in Pune City, India. It provides background on the generation and accumulation of legacy waste in landfills in Pune over decades due to lack of proper waste management. The study analyzes the composition of a legacy waste sample from Pune, finding it contains decomposed biodegradable waste, plastic, textiles, metals, glass and other materials. It then proposes a methodology for effective management of Pune's legacy waste involving excavation, preprocessing, transportation, screening and separation of waste into compost, inert materials and plastics/others, followed by appropriate application of the separated waste streams. The goal is to scientifically remediate old dumpsites and recover
The document discusses solid waste management in Pakistan. It defines solid waste and provides various classifications. It then describes the sources and methods of collection, removal, and disposal of solid waste. Key issues discussed include the large and growing amounts of solid waste in Pakistan, particularly in cities. Proper management is challenging due to factors like inadequate collection, disposal in open dumps, and lack of public awareness. Integrated approaches and increased recycling are presented as potential solutions.
The document discusses solid waste management. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding solid waste management and its importance. It then provides background on how waste disposal has evolved from early methods like digging pits to modern municipal collection. Key points made include that waste generation increases with population and industrialization. The types of solid waste are defined, including municipal solid waste and construction debris as the two major components. Regulations and policies governing solid waste management are also discussed. The document outlines how waste is classified in the Philippines into compostable, recyclable, residual, and special categories.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management issues in India. It discusses that currently only about 50% of solid waste generated in Indian cities is collected and disposed of properly. Some key issues identified are inadequate service coverage, inefficient services, limited recycling, and improper landfill disposal. The document then examines case studies of solid waste management challenges in Mavallipura, a village near Bangalore that experienced an ecological disaster due to an illegal landfill, and in Mumbai's Deonar dumping ground, the oldest and largest in India, which causes health issues for nearby residents due to fires and smoke.
The document discusses waste management strategies with a focus on reducing waste at the source. It notes that municipal solid waste in cities has significantly increased in recent years due to population growth and changes in lifestyle and consumption. Most waste is biodegradable household waste. The document advocates emulating European waste management strategies that prioritize waste prevention, recycling and reuse, and improving disposal methods. It also discusses approaches being taken in India like composting and converting waste to energy. The most effective approach is argued to be reducing waste at the source by changing production and consumption patterns.
The Vivekananda college in Chembur, Mumbai has implemented a zero-waste policy on campus by segregating and processing all waste generated. Wet food waste is composted in pits to produce rich manure for campus plants. Plastic, glass, and e-waste are separately collected and recycled or reused. The project has significantly reduced waste and increased environmental awareness among students. The college aims to expand the initiative to nearby vegetable markets to process their large amounts of wet waste.
This document proposes solutions to provide safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities in India. It notes that half of India's population lacks access to toilets and over 75 million people in rural India lack access to sanitation. Solutions proposed include collecting rainwater through rooftop harvesting, purifying the water through sand filtration before storage and distribution, ensuring access through door-to-door delivery or public access points, and managing distribution through decentralized local management and profit-sharing with private operators. Diagrams illustrate the rainwater collection and purification process.
Solid waste management involves the collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. The document discusses various aspects of solid waste management including definitions of solid waste and SWM. It describes sources and types of waste as well as common collection and disposal methods like landfilling, incineration, compaction and pyrolysis. A case study on SWM in Mumbai outlines the waste generation, collection processes and disposal methods used. The objectives and importance of effective SWM are also highlighted.
Characterization of Wastewater in Rajouri Town, Jammu And Kashmir, IndiaIJERA Editor
Water exaggerated physically, chemically as well as biologically is known as wastewater. Thrown away process
of solid waste and its treatment has been the foremost environmental setback for most of the cities in India
especially in rural area. To make people aware about the level of contaminants in wastewater and to suggest the
ways of treatment of wastewater which will result in disposing off of domestic effluents without any danger to
human health, a study on characteristics of wastewater in Rajouri town in Jammu and Kashmir was conducted.
Concentrations of various physicochemical parameters like Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Turbidity,
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Alkalinity, Hardness Chloride
Content, Nitrogen, Ammonium, Phosphorous, Iron and E-coli bacteria were determined. Study was done on five
different sampling locations. All the parameters were found to be generally exceeding the limits set by W.H.O
except for few sampling locations. The sampling site which was found to be the most polluted was Muradpur
(SL 5) thus affecting the population there because of being on the downstream side and the least affected site
was Kheora (SL2). In some sampling stations due to presence of vegetation at the disposal sites, the quality of
sewage to some extent are acceptable may be because the vegetation absorb some of its undesirable constituents.
To treat this wastewater and make it suitable for various purposes like irrigation, vegetation and other domestic
purposes a treatment plant which will benefit population of 37,552 souls. Construction of wetlands will also lead
to effective treatment and management of wastewater.
- Mumbai generates over 8,500 tonnes of solid waste per day that is currently sent to landfills.
- RUR Greenlife proposes innovative waste management solutions like segregation at source and decentralized composting to process waste into reusable resources.
- Their approach involves a 3 bin system for segregating wet, dry, and hazardous waste. Wet waste is composted on-site to produce "green gold" compost that can be used to grow organic food.
The document summarizes the environmental impacts of tanneries located in Hazaribagh, Bangladesh. Over 400 tanneries produce untreated wastewater containing chromium and other pollutants that flow into the Buriganga River. This has contaminated the water and soil, threatening the health of local residents and aquatic life. The government has tried to relocate the tanneries for over a decade but delays in establishing a wastewater treatment plant and unwillingness of owners has prevented successful relocation.
The document discusses solid waste management practices in Warangal City, India. It begins with definitions of solid waste and its various classifications. It then outlines the key functional elements of solid waste management systems, which include waste generation, storage, collection, transport, processing, recovery, and disposal. The document specifically examines the municipal solid waste management system in Warangal City, as well as the bio-medical waste management practices, which include segregation, treatment through incineration and autoclaving, and disposal. It concludes by noting that solid waste in Warangal is primarily disposed of through dumping and incineration.
A lecture on 18th March 2017 on issues around 'Water and Children' in the Child Rights Circle monthly lecture series at Vijaya Teachers Training College, Jayangara, Bengaluru. The third lecture in the series.
Is a 100% Zero Waste Future Really Possible?Guy Dauncey
The document discusses the possibility of achieving 100% zero waste and provides examples of municipalities that have made significant progress toward this goal. Some key points:
- Santa Monica and San Francisco have recycling rates of 80% but need state legislation for producer responsibility to achieve 100%.
- Capannori, Italy reduced waste per person by 39% from 2004-2012 through citizen engagement and curbside composting and recycling.
- Kamikatsu, Japan has an 80% recycling rate and aims to be Japan's first zero waste town by 2020 through stringent self-sorting of waste.
The document discusses rebuilding Bengaluru's urban water culture through digging one million wells across the city. It notes that Bengaluru receives around 970mm of annual rainfall, equating to 2500-3000 MLD of water, but currently extracts only 600 MLD, leaving room for increased groundwater recharge through additional wells. Some ways wells can be dug include in public storm drains, layouts, gated communities, apartments, and schools. Traditional well diggers called the Bhovi community can help map aquifers and spread awareness. The goal is increased groundwater recharge to reduce flooding and supplement water needs.
Mumbai generates over 7,000 tons of solid waste per day that is currently collected and disposed of at three dumping grounds, however increasing population and waste generation is reducing the lifespan of these dumping grounds and creating health and environmental issues, while the informal sector plays a role in recycling but the city still faces challenges in properly managing its waste.
Solid waste management in Mumbai faces significant challenges due to the city's large population of over 13 million people. Mumbai generates around 7,000 tons of solid waste per day, consisting of biodegradable waste, recyclables, and debris. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai is responsible for waste collection and disposal, but dumping waste improperly, especially in coastal areas and creeks, is threatening the environment and human health. Finding suitable long-term solutions for waste disposal and management that protect public health and the environment will require addressing issues around increasing waste quantities, limited existing landfill capacity, and improper waste dumping practices.
Urban India produces over 120,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day, with major cities generating between 0.8 to 1 kg of waste per person daily. Most solid waste ends up dumped on land rather than being composted. Several sources produce solid waste, including households, agriculture, industry, hospitals, and electronics. Improper waste disposal pollutes water sources and spreads diseases. New disposal methods proposed include underground storage and dumping in oceans or space. Recycling is preferable to reduce waste and reuse materials. The document outlines a three step approach communities can take - through education, trial separation of wet and dry waste, and establishing composting systems - to achieve zero waste management.
This presentation describes the problem of solid waste in India and also the existing methods to manage this waste. In the end I have mentioned some innovative methods of handling our waste which could change the way we perceive our garbage.
Pune, India faces increasing waste management challenges as its population grows rapidly. It currently generates around 2,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste per day, which is projected to rise to 3,255 tonnes by 2025. Households produce around 70% of the waste, with the remaining 30% from commercial establishments. Around 87.5% of the waste is collected and treated through various methods like composting and landfilling, while the remaining waste is either uncollected or composted at source. Proper waste management is important to prevent health and environmental issues.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
The document discusses solid waste management in India. It notes that there has been a significant increase in municipal solid waste generation in India in recent decades due to population growth and economic development. Solid waste management has become a major environmental issue as waste collection and disposal systems in most cities are insufficient. Common problems include open dumping of garbage, lack of waste segregation, and groundwater contamination from landfill leachate. Indian municipalities face the challenge of improving waste management infrastructure and ensuring the scientific disposal of waste.
Legacy Waste Management - A Case Study of Pune CityIRJET Journal
This document presents a case study on the management of legacy waste in Pune City, India. It provides background on the generation and accumulation of legacy waste in landfills in Pune over decades due to lack of proper waste management. The study analyzes the composition of a legacy waste sample from Pune, finding it contains decomposed biodegradable waste, plastic, textiles, metals, glass and other materials. It then proposes a methodology for effective management of Pune's legacy waste involving excavation, preprocessing, transportation, screening and separation of waste into compost, inert materials and plastics/others, followed by appropriate application of the separated waste streams. The goal is to scientifically remediate old dumpsites and recover
The document discusses solid waste management in Pakistan. It defines solid waste and provides various classifications. It then describes the sources and methods of collection, removal, and disposal of solid waste. Key issues discussed include the large and growing amounts of solid waste in Pakistan, particularly in cities. Proper management is challenging due to factors like inadequate collection, disposal in open dumps, and lack of public awareness. Integrated approaches and increased recycling are presented as potential solutions.
The document discusses solid waste management. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding solid waste management and its importance. It then provides background on how waste disposal has evolved from early methods like digging pits to modern municipal collection. Key points made include that waste generation increases with population and industrialization. The types of solid waste are defined, including municipal solid waste and construction debris as the two major components. Regulations and policies governing solid waste management are also discussed. The document outlines how waste is classified in the Philippines into compostable, recyclable, residual, and special categories.
This document provides an overview of solid waste management issues in India. It discusses that currently only about 50% of solid waste generated in Indian cities is collected and disposed of properly. Some key issues identified are inadequate service coverage, inefficient services, limited recycling, and improper landfill disposal. The document then examines case studies of solid waste management challenges in Mavallipura, a village near Bangalore that experienced an ecological disaster due to an illegal landfill, and in Mumbai's Deonar dumping ground, the oldest and largest in India, which causes health issues for nearby residents due to fires and smoke.
The document discusses waste management strategies with a focus on reducing waste at the source. It notes that municipal solid waste in cities has significantly increased in recent years due to population growth and changes in lifestyle and consumption. Most waste is biodegradable household waste. The document advocates emulating European waste management strategies that prioritize waste prevention, recycling and reuse, and improving disposal methods. It also discusses approaches being taken in India like composting and converting waste to energy. The most effective approach is argued to be reducing waste at the source by changing production and consumption patterns.
The document discusses the impacts of solid waste management on people, planet, and profit. It describes how improper waste management can negatively impact the surrounding environment and residents' health by emitting odors and pollutants. Direct dumping of waste can contaminate water sources and spread diseases. The increasing amounts of solid waste generated are also an environmental issue, as most waste ends up in poorly managed landfills and dumpsites that pollute soil and groundwater. Effective waste management is important for sustainability and improving quality of life.
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND CONTAMINATION DUE TO WASTE DISPOSAL AND AGRO-INDUSTRIESSANDEEP PATRE
Human Settlement, Settlements can broadly be divided into two types – rural and urban. Contamination, Sources of Wastes, Classification of Wastes . Impacts of Waste Accumulation, Water Contamination via Improper Wastes
This document discusses the impacts of solid waste on human health and the environment. It defines solid waste as unwanted materials generated from human activities. Solid waste can be categorized by origin, contents, and hazard potential. Improper management of solid waste can lead to air and water pollution, spread of diseases, and degradation of natural habitats. The document outlines government initiatives in India to improve solid waste management, such as the Swachh Bharat Mission and new rules governing plastic waste, hazardous waste, and biomedical waste. Preventive measures are also discussed, such as reducing waste generation, increasing recycling, and improving education.
the litrature review of solid wast i have presented here. if any of you want to study it then you can easly . especially the students of Quetta Balochistan
1. The document discusses solid waste management issues in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It analyzes the causes of waste problems, current waste collection and disposal methods, waste composition statistics, and makes proposals to improve waste management.
2. Currently, waste collection in Colombo is inadequate due to lack of infrastructure and resources. Most waste is improperly dumped in natural areas, drainages, and open sites. This causes pollution, health issues, and blocks water flows.
3. The document proposes a national strategy for waste management that addresses the entire waste cycle through reduction, reuse, collection, recycling and disposal. It emphasizes increasing awareness, encouraging sorting/composting at household levels, and private sector involvement to improve
The document provides an overview of solid waste management practices in Mira Bhaindar Municipal Corporation. It discusses the different types of waste generated, the three steps to solid waste management which are collection, transportation and processing of waste. Under processing, it describes the methods used for biodegradable, non-biodegradable, dry and wet waste. It also discusses waste disposal methods and the 3R principle of reduce, reuse and recycle. The corporation is working to promote proper waste segregation and management through initiatives like the mobile app, RRR centers, and banning single-use plastic.
The aim of the Mission Swachh Bharat should be to spread cleanliness everywhere and encompass everything - roads, railway tracks, bus stations, railway stations, parks, beaches, shorelines, river banks, reservoirs, lakes, schools colleges, universities and all other public places
Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Y...ijtsrd
Waste management is an international sensation, rising population, industrialization and urbanization are accountable to produce a tremendous amount of waste. Todays daily waste generation rate is about 760,000 tons. By 2025, this rate will be increased to about 1.8 million tons per day. These approximations are conservative the real values are probably double of this amount. 1 The estimated municipal solid waste generation by 8 Municipal Corporations and 9 Municipal Councils in Mumbai Metropolitan Region MMR cumulatively generate more than 10,000 metric tons of solid waste per day. Due to growth in population, industrialization and urbanization, the generation of solid waste has increased frighteningly. There is a high need for systematic management of municipal solid waste and for that understanding of characteristics play a vital role in it. In these research paper characteristics of Deonar dumping, yard has been studied on pre monsoon and post monsoon bases and encounter that, it contained some amount of organic and recyclable part, which if managed well, will reduce the load on dumping yard considerably. Dabhi Jagrutiben | Abhay Shelar ""Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Yard in Mumbai Region, Maharashtra, India"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23333.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/23333/analytical-study-of-municipal-solid-waste-characteristics-at-deonar-dumping-yard-in-mumbai-region-maharashtra-india/dabhi-jagrutiben
Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Y...
Solidwaste
1.
2. Solid Waste Management in Mumbai
Mumbai has a coastal stretch of 603 sq km. Geographically, the city of Mumbai can be
divided into three sections, namely, the island city (or main city), the western suburbs and
the eastern suburbs. These are also known for administrative purposes as Division I,
Division II and Division III, respectively. The total population of the city amounts to
nearly 13million that is increasing on a daily basis. Such a huge habitat obviously
generates a huge amount of waste of many kinds the management of which is a massive
task for the local administration.
Waste Generation
Mumbai generates waste to the tune of approximately 7,025tonnes per day. The waste
consists of:
• 5,025tonnes of mixed waste (bio-degradable and recyclable)
• 2,000tonnes of debris and silt.
The biodegradable waste (wet waste) is made up of vegetable and fruit remainders,
leaves, spoiled food, eggshells, cotton, etc. Recyclable (dry waste) consists of
newspapers, thermocol, plastic, battery cells, wires, iron sheets, glass, etc. Debris
includes construction waste, renovation waste, demolition waste, etc. Silt comprises earth
and clay from drains and road corners. It is estimated that by 2008 such waste will
aggregate 9,000tonnes per day due to increase in the city's population.
Average Generation of Waste by a Citizen of Mumbai
The generation of waste by an individual depends on the socio-economic conditions to
which the person belongs. For example, a rich family will generate nearly four to five kg
of mixed waste per day; a middle class family will generate between one to three kg of
mixed waste per day and a poor family, in slums, will generate close to 500grams per
day.
Management of Waste
The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) is formally responsible for the
management of waste in the city. The prevailing approach has been one of collection and
disposal that is, garbage is collected from communities by the municipal authorities and
disposed off at the three main dumping sites that are currently servicing the city.
Garbage collectors employed by various housing societies manually collect the waste
generated at the household level and dump it in the garbage bin at specified street
corners. There are around 5,800 community bins in the city. In case of South Mumbai,
trucks collect garbage from the garbage bins and transport it to a transfer station which is
located in Mahalakshmi. A separate transport is arranged for transferring the garbage
from Mahalakshmi to the northern part of Mumbai where the dumping grounds are
situated. From all other parts of the city, garbage is sent directly to the dumping grounds.
Nearly 95% of the waste generated in the city is disposed off in this manner.
3. This largely manual operation involves 35,000 personnel employed by the MCGM and is
collected by a fleet of 800 vehicles, including vehicles hired from private contractors, that
work in shifts each day. MCGM spends about Rs15-20lakh per day on collecting and
transporting garbage and debris with municipal and private vehicles making about 2,000
trips every day.
The Crisis
Dumping Ground
A dumping ground is, generally, a low-lying, and marshy area, which is located on the
outskirts of a city, where there is, usually, no human population. We have, in our city,
three dumping grounds which are located in the northern part of Mumbai at Gorai
(Borivali), Mulund and Deonar. A fourth one at Chincholi has recently closed down.
Amongst the three, Deonar is the largest dumping ground. All the dumping grounds are
nearly 30-40km from South Mumbai which explains the huge costs on transportation.
The increase in the population of the city has forced people to settle near the dumping
grounds. This has led to the twin problems of people living in unhealthy conditions and
protesting for the closure of the dumping grounds, as dumping causes health hazards for
the people in the vicinity.
The average life of a dumping ground is 30 years. The remaining life of our largest
dumping ground, i.e., Deonar, is only five to six years and, so far, no alternative site has
been found for waste disposal. The waste, which offers an incentive after selling like
paper, metal, etc., is sold to informal dealers by rag pickers. But the other organic waste,
old batteries, polystyrene (thermocol), polythene bags, debris, to name a few, do not have
such incentives and these are in huge quantities. Also, since it takes a long time to
decompose, when dumped, such waste occupies and fills the low-lying areas. In fact, the
search for a new dumping ground starts only when the filling area of the dumping ground
is exhausted. Basically, the lower the waste, the longer the life of the dumping ground
and vice versa.
The waste at the dumping ground is covered with debris and spread evenly in layers. The
organic waste undergoes natural decomposition and generates a fluid, which is known a
leachate, and is very harmful to the ecosystem, if not treated properly. The leachate
penetrates the soil and, if not prevented, pollutes the ground water. Also, flies,
mosquitoes and many other pests breed on the waste and unless properly maintained, the
dumps are a public health hazard.
Debris Disposal
In Mumbai, every day 2,000tonnes of debris is generated officially, of which some part
goes to the dumping ground for spreading over the organic garbage, as earth is expensive.
The remaining debris is spread next to the roads, in the creeks, next to railway tracks and
on open grounds. Every day, somewhere or the other, in some building, some renovation
takes place, generating debris. This could be of houses or shops; it could be for repair of
buildings or demolition of old buildings for reconstruction. To give an example, if the
4. external surface of a building of 20 floors is repaired, the waste generated would be
nearly 200 truckloads which can be used either in filling low-lying areas or for
reclamation. Presently, there is no way of monitoring renovations and repairs because it
does not need any permissions from authorities. The concerned housing societies give the
permissions for the renovations / repairs; hence, no data is available on this. The only
regulation, which has been imposed by the Corporation, is that the area where the repairs,
renovations and new constructions have happened, needs to be cleaned up from all
wastes, after the completion of work.
There are truckers who earn a livelihood by collecting this debris and transporting it for
disposal. However, disposing it off properly remains a concern, as there is very little
space in Mumbai. It has to be carted over long distances which increases transportation
costs so significantly as to make the entire “business” unprofitable. So it is dumped
clandestinely in the creeks, thus, destroying our valuable mangroves. As Mumbai has a
coastal stretch of 603 sq. km, it has numerous creeks. These are channels of water which
occupy marshy land during high tide. The salty water occupies the land during high tide
and drains off during low tide. This nurtures plants called mangroves. These plants, in
turn, have leaves which provide oxygen to the water for fishes to breed in the creeks. In
many areas, like Versova, Gorai, Charkop and Mankhurd, the entire eco-system of the
creek has been destroyed as waste is dumped surreptitiously.
Increasing prices of land and more construction activities are forcing the demolition of
old structures and building new structures and creating more debris wastes. Debris, being
very bulky in nature, requires more space, reducing the life span of the dumping ground.
Therefore, municipalities, generally, refuse the entry of debris into dumping grounds
other than what they need to cover the garbage. Finding few viable alternatives, people
just dump the debris by roadsides. Over time, people start dumping organic waste on top
of debris not only compounding the waste disposal problem but also creating a health
hazard.
Garbage Collection - Low Serviced Areas
The garbage collection activity itself has several differences amongst the localities; there
are highly-serviced areas, medium-serviced areas and very low-serviced areas.
I would like to highlight the low-serviced areas which are the slums; slums are not seen
as the rightful recipients of the formal systems of solid waste management (SWM). The
local government extends its services only to regularised slums which are declared
official or recognised under the census of slums. This step motherly treatment is, in
effect, the city's own undoing, since slums form 60% of Mumbai. Moreover, these
artificial boundaries can hardly prevent the spread of dirt and disease. A study done by
Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action (YUVA) in 1998, covering 100 communities in
the slum pocket of Jogeshwari (East), found that while residents were aware of the
problems related to inadequate practices of household disposal of waste and systems of
collection and transportation of garbage in the community, there was very little
community involvement in solving the problem.
5. Time for Waste To Decompose
When the waste is dumped, it does not decompose very quickly and make way for the
other waste. The nature of waste being dumped and the time it takes to decompose, pose
a serious threat to the environment as well as human health. Given below are some
examples to understand how much time it takes for various materials to decompose.
Vegetables, Fruit Skins, Waste Food 3-4 Weeks
Paper Bags 1 Month
Cloth Bags 5 Months
Wood Pieces 10-15 Years
Leather Shoes and Sandals 40-50 Years
Iron Sheets 50-100 Years
Aluminium Sheets 200-250 Years
Plastic Bags 1 Million Years
Budgetary Allocation
Overall Budget
Budgetary allocation for solid waste management in the city of Mumbai for the year
2003-2004 amounted to Rs453.22crore compared to Rs232.71crore in 1997-1998, an
increase of 94%. This constituted 14% of the total budget of the MCGM which stood at
Rs3226.52crore. Such a high increase is a reflection of the growing concern for the waste
disposal crisis in the city among the local and regional authorities. Costs for maintenance
of dumping ground, waste transportation and hire charges come to Rs126crore and
constitute nearly 28% of the total budget allocated for SWM.
The budget for schemes, like slum adoption and Advance Locality Management (ALM)
comes to Rs5crore, which is 1.1% of the total SWM budget. Nearly 60% of Mumbai's
population live in slums which cover 7% of the land area of the city. In the Municipal
provisions for SWM, only those slums which are notified and are on municipal or private
land are serviced; services to other slums are not accounted for in the budget. The budget
allocation for slums forms only 12% of the total SWM budget.
Informal Sector
The total quantity of 7,025tonnes of solid waste, mentioned by the MCGM, is the official
figure of waste being collected but the actual generation is much higher. Of the garbage
being dumped in the bins, a considerable amount is removed by rag pickers who then sort
it out and sell them to those who deal in recyclables like paper, plastics, metal, etc.
6. This industry is one that is large but informal where the rag pickers provide the
recyclables and the transactions run into crores of rupees. This informal industry helps in
the reduction of waste being transported to the dumping grounds.
There are people, generally known as kabadiwallas, who collect old newspapers,
magazines, metal scrap and other such items and sell them to shops dealing in the same.
Besides cash transactions, the deals also involve barter; a popular exchange being garlic
against plastic.
Schemes Run by MCGM
Slum Adoption Scheme
It was experienced that because of the heterogeneous population in the slums there is no
sense of belongingness and it was realised that an attempt should be made to motivate
and involve the slum population by attaching certain incentives to work in cleaning the
slums and maintaining hygiene condition. It is in this background that the Slum Adoption
Scheme through community-based organisations and public participation has been started
by the MCGM.
Initiatives
Advanced Locality Management
Advanced Locality Management (ALM) is local management of solid waste by citizens
who organise themselves to manage their waste. Wet waste is segregated at household
level and composted locally in any available area, planters, etc., and sweepers or rag
pickers take dry waste away. There are in all 643 ALMs along with 276 vermi-compost
pits spread over six zones of the MCGM's jurisdiction. This way, approximately 20-
25tonnes of garbage per day is prevented from reaching the dump yards. An encouraging
fact is that women run 80% of these ALMs. The MCGM has also established vermi-
compost projects on its own, one each in the eastern and western suburbs, respectively, to
demonstrate to the citizens, the benefits of vermi-culture technology.
The success of any ALM depends entirely upon people's participation. Organisation of
the community, training and initiation is done jointly by residents and MCGM, and is
initially funded by residents and the Corporation. At later stages, the activities are
completely funded by the residents.
Recycling Debris
Debris is recycled to make new construction-related products like bricks, interlocking
pavers. City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) and YUVA, an NGO,
have collaborated on this effort to convert the debris and reduce the load on dumping
grounds. Presently, the plant in Navi Mumbai converts three tonnes of debris per day. Set
up in 1999, this plant is one of its kind in the whole of India and has been successful in
developing products conforming to Indian Standard Codes of practice of the Central
Government. The plant has successfully completed recycling 1,000 tonnes of debris till
date.
7. ParisarVikas Scheme
Stree Mukti Sanghatana, an NGO, has initiated a scheme which focuses on uplifting the
most downtrodden section of the society -the rag picker women and children. This
scheme is an ideal solution, since rag pickers together with the ALM system manage the
upkeep of their environment. The rag pickers play an important role in managing the
solid waste; they retrieve all possible recyclable items from waste and, thus, put these
materials back to proper reuse. But, sadly the rag pickers are never recognised for the
invaluable service they provide to the city's solid waste management.
Role of the Citizens of Mumbai
The citizens of Mumbai have to be trained in the three 'Rs' with respect to management of
wastes.
Reduce
As the budget of the Municipal Corporation indicate, as much as 28% is spent only on
transportation of waste. There is an urgent need to reduce the waste by cutting down on
transportation. The reduction of waste can happen only when we, as citizens of Mumbai,
reduce waste generation in the first place.
Reuse
Simple habits like carrying a cloth bag while going shopping will be helpful to reduce
the need for plastic bags. Please do not buy any products in a polythene bag and help the
environment as a whole.
Recycle
To recycle, we should segregate our garbage at source. Wet garbage can be recycled by
composting or vermi-composting in your backyard or in the vicinity. This will produce
good manure that can be used for gardens and lawns. The dry garbage can be given to the
rag pickers who sell it to re-users.
Bejoy Davis Civil Engineer, Project Manager Solid Waste Management & Debris
Recycling: YUVA, Mumbai.
The facts presented and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the author alone.
Series Editor : Dr. Nita Mukherjee