Rethinking Informed Consent (Review)
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Slides from a presentation given to the Medical Sociology discussion group at the University of Leicester, reviewing Neil Manson and Onora O'Neill's 2007 book "rethinking informed consent in bioethics" www.lefthandedbiochemist.wordpress.com
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![Dr Chris Willmott Dept of Biochemistry, University of Leicester [email_address] Book Review : Rethinking Informed Consent In Bioethics Neil Manson and Onora O’Neill Social Science Group University of Leicester](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rethinkinginformedconsent-100607092804-phpapp02/85/Rethinking-Informed-Consent-Review-1-320.jpg)
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1) People's tendency to form online clubs and associations with like-minded others, seeking information from sources that confirm their views.
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MeansMeans are the tools or behaviors we use to achieve a desired outcome.We have choices about which means to employ in persuading others.Threats and other forms of manipulation are unethical behaviors.Making a respectful request is ethical.
EndsThe outcomes you hope to achieve, say McCroskey, Wrench, and Richmond (2002).Some end results could be good for the source (speaker) but bad for the receiver (listener). An example would be persuading audience members to buy something they don’t actually want.Your goal should be chosen according to ethical standards you and your audience expect from each other.
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Principle 5Communication climates of caring, mutual understanding, and respect.
Principle 6Condemnation of distortion, intimidation, coercion, violence intolerance, hate speech, violence, or other behavior that degrades people.
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1. There is no direct or simple relationship between scientific evidence ("what we know") and determining public health actions ("what to do"). Decisions require considering multiple epistemological and normative factors.
2. Public health problems cannot be oversimplified as dilemmas between two options. They involve negotiating many trade-offs across scientific evidence, values, stakeholder interests, and issues of power and inequality.
3. The debate around face mask mandates during COVID-19 exemplifies this complexity, with decisions requiring consideration across lenses of values, evidence, participation, and power dynamics - notArgument pp 1
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1. The claim, which is the central proposition or thesis being argued. There are three main types: claims of fact, value, and policy.
2. Supporting evidence and appeals that are used to convince the audience of the claim.
3. An explicit or implicit warrant that links the claim and support and allows the audience to make the same connection.
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Resources for Week 2 HLTH440 from: M.U.S.E. My Unique Student Experience Registered Trademark CEC 2013. All Rights Reserved.
The Basis for Health Care Ethics
What is Ethics?Ethics is what you believe is right or wrong. It is a moral philosophy that seeks to help the individual distinguish between good and bad as defined by one's culture. Ethics guides individuals and groups in their decisions about health care and other matters. Ethics helps the individual and group set boundaries.
Health care ethics is based on the law, professional codes of ethics, standards of care, and institutional policies and practices (corporate law).
Codes of EthicsCodes of ethics or codes of conduct are lists of standards or guides that provide an ethical framework for practice within a profession. Physicians are bound by the Hippocratic oath, but nursing has its own code of ethics. All health professions have a code of ethics.
It is axiomatic that the practice of health care presents moral and ethical dilemmas, because it deals with human beings and life-altering circumstances.
Health care financing presents broader moral dilemmas in the allocation of scarce resources. The conflict exists between the inherent values, duties, and obligations in caring for patients and the availability of resources to treat them.
The depth or content of a code of ethics is dependent on the type of contact that the health care professional has with a patient.
Ethical Theories
A number of ethical frameworks or theories are used to make decisions in health care and, in general, to set boundaries for expected behavior. The theories are used to determine what is fair or unfair. The following are several ethical frameworks:
Normative ethics: The ethical theory that describes how things ought to be.
Teleological theory: Also known as consequentialist theory, which believes that the best action in any situation is the one that promotes the greatest happiness for the largest number of people. In health care financing, this would fall under the rubric of cost containment by calculating the net benefits verses the consequences.
Utilitarianism: This is Mill’s definition of morality, which is the practical ethics of judgment: What is the greatest good that will benefit the greatest number of people? Medicare falls under this rubric.
Deontological theory: What one should or must do based on the obligations and duties of one’s life. This theory focuses on means, whereas teleological theory focuses on ends.
Virtue ethics: This is the ethics of care as a part of virtue ethics; virtue ethics is a form of normative ethics, which emphasizes the character of the interaction between the health care provider and the patient. This is the opposite of the emphasis on rules or consequences in other moral theories. Health care virtues include compassion, conscientiousness, cooperativeness, discernment, honesty, trustworthiness, truth telling, integrity, kindness, respect, and commitment.
Situational ...
Example Of Definition Essay
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Example Of Definition Essay.pdf
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Informed consent
The document discusses the concept and practice of informed consent in clinical contexts. It covers informed consent from legal, ethical, and administrative perspectives. Legally, informed consent aims to protect patient autonomy and self-determination. Ethically, it seeks to make the medical decision-making process more patient-centered. Administratively, signed consent forms are used to document that a consent process occurred. The document also outlines common elements of informed consent discussions, including diagnosis, treatment options, risks/benefits, alternative treatments, and prognosis.
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Resources for Week 2 HLTH440 from M.U.S.E. My Unique Student Expe.docx
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Rethinking Informed Consent (Review)
- 1. Dr Chris Willmott Dept of Biochemistry, University of Leicester [email_address] Book Review : Rethinking Informed Consent In Bioethics Neil Manson and Onora O’Neill Social Science Group University of Leicester
- 2. About the authors Baroness Onora O’Neill Chair of Nuffield Foundation Professor of Philosophy, Cambridge Kantian framework Trust and Autonomy Neil Manson Senior Lecturer, Dept of Philosophy University of Lancaster Ethics of communication Virtues of not knowing
- 3. Necessity of Informed Consent Consent = Safeguard against paternalism Protecting individuals from harm Respecting individual autonomy
- 4. Necessity of Informed Consent “ Appeals to informed consent and its role on justifying clinical and research practice are now so well entrenched that their presence, indeed their necessity, and their justification are rarely questioned… ” (p2)
- 5. BUT: “… the quest for wider scope, for higher standards, for better justifications and for regulatory reinforcement, which aimed to make consent the lynchpin of biomedical ethics, has created intractable problems .” (p2) Necessity of Informed Consent?
- 25. Informational privacy Four distinctions: Agency v Conduit/container Transaction v Content Confidentiality v Data protection Communication ≠ Acquisition/possession
- 28. Strictly between you and me, X is really struggling to cope at the moment Hard to ‘unknow’ something The programme for the autumn series of seminars is available I notice that X is no longer listed to speak, is this a mistake? By the way, do you realise the message you just sent went to the whole list Earlier today an e-mail was inadvertently sent to this discussion list. Please delete this message immediately
- 54. Final take-home message “ We hope that the juggernaut of informed consent requirements that has been constructed across the last fifty years will be reformed and reduced within a far shorter period” (p200)