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Un enfoque práctico para clasificar datos
cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre los beneficios
de los árboles y bosques urbanos
David S. Restrepo
ISA Certified Arborist MX-0305A
CS 98-051, France, 1997-98, 2009
ORLANDO
KEY LARGO
38 000 ÁRBOLES
Coral Gables, Fla
(476 km)
USDA Forest Service and University of Washington
Dr. Kathleen Wolf

kwolf@u.washington.edu

December 2012
UNEP:
United Nations Environment Program
WMO:
World Meteorological Organization
i-Tree Urban Forest Assessment Applications & Utilities
Foliose
Crustose
Fruticose
– John Muir
“”When we try to pick out anything by itself, we
find it hitched to everything else in the
Universe."
– John Muir
“Cuando tratamos de identificar algo por sí
mismo, descubrimos que está atado a todo en
el universo.” (Traducción libre)
❝Safety is but one of the
many goals to which we
aspire; the mistake that is often
made is to focus on safety as if
it is the only goal
❞PROFESSOR DAVID BALL
Centre for Decision Analysis and Risk Management
Middlesex University
Common sense
risk management
of trees
Landowner summary of guidance
on trees and public safety in the UK
for estates and smallholdings
NATIONAL TREE SAFETY GROUP
N T S G
N T S G
NTSG
NATIONAL TREE SAFETY GROUP
Guidance on trees and public safety in the UK
for owners, managers and advisers
Common sense
risk management
of trees
COMMONSENSERISKMANAGEMENTOFTREES
vsQUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
ECO : ECO
1 CLIMA
1.1 MICROCLIMA
1.1.1 PROTECCIÓN
- RADIACIÓN UV (ULTRAVIOLETA)
- OLA DE CALOR
- SOL
- LLUVIA
1.1.2 TEMPERATURA
- ENERGÍA
- EVAPORACIÓN ACTIVA
- SOMBRA
- AIRE MÁS FRESCO
- ENERGÍA
- DURABILIDAD
- ASFALTO
- INFRAESTRUCTURA URBANA
- REGULACIÓN
- EFECTO DE ISLA DE CALOR
1.2 VIENTO
1.2.1 CONTROL DEL VIENTO
1.2.2 PROTECCIÓN
1.2.3 EROSIÓN POR EL VIENTO
1.2.4 VALLAS VIVAS DE CONTENCIÓN DE NIEVE
2 CONTAMINACIÓN
2.1 AIRE
2.1.1 CALIDAD
2.1.2 OXÍGENO
2.1.3 CONTAMINANTES
- PARTICULAS Y GASES
- OTROS CONTAMINANTES NOCIVOS
2.1.4 CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL
- GASES DE INVERNADERO
- OZONO
- CO2
2.2 RUIDO
2.2.1 BARRERAS Y DEFLECTORES
2.2.2 ESTRES, TENSIÓN E INSOMNIO
3 BIODIVERSIDAD
3.1 FAUNA
3.1.1 HABITAT
3.1.2 ALIMENTO
3.1.3 CORREDORES
3.1.4 ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS
3.2 FLORA
3.2.1 VEGETACIÓN URBANA
3.2.2 LIQUENES y MUSGO
3.2.3 EPIFITAS
4 AGUA Y SUELO
4.1 HIDROLOGÍA
4.1.1 CALIDAD DEL AGUA
4.1.2 LLUVIA
4.1.3 CONTROL DE AGUAS PLUVIALES
- INTERCEPTACIÓN
- INFILTRACIÓN
- MANTO FREATICO
- ESCORRENTIA E INUNDACIONES
- EROSIÓN POR EL AGUA
4.1.4 CUENCAS Y ARRECIFES
4.2 SUELOS
4.2.1 MEJORA DEL SUELO
4.2.2 PROTECCIÓN CONTRA CAÍDAS DE ROCAS
4.2.3 CONTROL DE BARRANCAS
5 VALOR
5.1 PROPIEDAD
5.2 PATRIMONIO
5.3 REGRESOS
5.4 AHORROS
5.5 DURABILIDAD
5.5.1 ASFALTO
5.5.2 INFRAESTRUCTURA URBANA
ECOLÓGICO : ECONÓMICO
1 VISUAL
1.1 ARQUITECTURA URBANA
1.1.1 PANTALLAS
- REDUCCIÓN DEL RESPLANDOR
- FILTRACIÓN
1.1.2 UNIDAD Y ARMONÍA
1.2 PAISAJE URBANO
1.2.1 BANQUETAS VIBRANTES
1.2.2 CAMELLONES
1.2.3 CARACTER E IDENTIDAD
1.2.4 SENTIMIENTO DE PERTENENCIA A UN LUGAR
1.3 ORNAMENTAL
3 SALUD PÚBLICA
3.1 ENFERMEDADES
3.2 SANACIÓN
3.3 TERAPIAS
3.4 LONGEVIDAD
3.5 FISIOLÓGICO
3.6 PSICOLÓGICO
3.6.1 BIENESTAR
3.6.2 SALUD MENTAL
3.6.3 ESTRÉS
3.7 ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA
4 SEGURIDAD
4.1 SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA
4.1.1 CRIMEN Y MIEDO
4.1.2 CALLES SEGURAS
4.1.3 SENSACIÓN DE SEGURIDAD
4.2 VIOLENCIA
4.3 RIESGO
5 LOCOMOCIÓN
5.1 PEATONES
5.1.1 AMBIENTE AGRADABLE PARA CAMINAR
5.1.2 ENTORNO MÁS SEGURO PARA CAMINAR
5.2 CICLOVIAS
5.2.1 SEGURIDAD
5.2.2 CICLISMO
5.3 TRÁNSITO
5.3.1 ACCIDENTES
5.3.2 FLUIDEZ
5.3.3 VELOCIDAD
5.3.4 PSICOLÓGICO
- PRECAUCIÓN AL CONDUCIR
- EFECTO CALMANTE
ESTÉTICO : SOCIAL
2 COMUNIDAD
2.1 CIUDADES HABITABLES
2.2 COHESIÓN SOCIAL
2.2.1 ACTIVIDADES COMUNITARIAS
- RECREACIÓN
- TIEMPO LIBRE
- PLANTACIÓN DE ÁRBOLES
2.2.2 LAZOS SOCIALES
- CREACIÓN DE COMUNIDADES
- UNIFICACIÓN
2.2.3 IDENTIDAD SOCIAL
2.2.4 VIDA ACTIVA
- NIÑOS EN LA NATURALEZA
- SALIR AFUERA
2.2.5 APEGO Y SENTIDO AL LUGAR
2.2.6 ESTABILIDAD ECONÓMICA
2.3 EDUCACIÓN
2.3.1 APRENDIZAJE
2.3.2 CONCENTRACIÓN
2.3.3 CREATIVIDAD
2.4 TRABAJO
2.4.1 PRODUCTIVIDAD
2.4.2 CREATIVIDAD
2.5 NEGOCIOS
2.5.1 IMAGEN
2.5.2 INGRESOS
2.5.3 COMPORTAMIENTO
2.6 EMPLEOS
2.7 PATRIMONIO
2.7.1 HISTORIA
2.7.2 ÁRBOLES MONUMENTALES
2.8 CULTURA
2.8.1 TRADICIÓN
2.8.2 ESPIRITUALIDAD
• David S. Restrepo
@restrepodavid
https://twitter.com/restrepodavid
http://www.siaq.org/a_propos_de_nous.html
• Asociación Mexicana de Arboricultura
http://www.arboricultura.org.mx
https://www.facebook.com/arboricultura/
https://twitter.com/arbolama
• ¡AMA los árboles!
https://www.facebook.com/arbolesybosquesurbanos/
• V Foro Nacional de Arboricultura y Dasonomía Urbana en Monterrey
http://www.amanoreste.org
• Skiera, Jim, ISA Perspectives, Arborist News, 2015, PRINT
Think Inside the Box
“Trees as Infrastructure: Building resilient Communities.” |
Mitigation Framework Leadership Group (MitFLG)
"Enlightened communities using trees in ways never expected or intended" |
"Trees used to mitigate risk associated with humans"
• International Society of Arboriculture
http://www.isa-arbor.com
• Sociedad Internacional de Arboricultura
http://www.isahispana.com/
• Trees are Good
http://www.treesaregood.com
• MillionTrees NYC
http://www.milliontreesnyc.org
• Street trees, Victor Dover, TEDxCoralGables, VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-VANKtbLko
"Un enfoque práctico para clasificar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre los beneficios y el valor de
los árboles urbanos saludables y bien mantenidos y los bosques urbanos manejados estratégicamente.”
Conferencia por David S. Restrepo
ISA Certified Arborist MX-0305A
CS 98-051, France, 1997-98, 2009
Arbor Culture
arboricultural@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/arborculture
https://youtu.be/HTF7OZbTugU
V Foro Nacional de Arboricultura y Dasonomía Urbana en Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
"Infraestructura verde urbana"
Viernes 13 de noviembre de 2015
• Trees Pay Us Back - Volume 1
http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/vol1/index.html
• Trees Pay Us Back - Volume 2
http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/vol2/index.html
• Benefits of Trees in an Urban Setting:
Selected Bibliography
http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/vol2/default%20no%20links.htm
• Green Cities: Good Health
http://depts.washington.edu/hhwb/
• Acer saccharum study:
A single maple tree 15m tall has been estimated to have 177,000 leaves, with a total
leaf surface area of 675m2, 1.5 times the area of a basketball court.
Hillis, David, M., et al, Principles of Life - Page 532, 2012, PRINT
https://goo.gl/LwIW0O
• Kathleen L. Wolf, Ph. D.
http://staff.washington.edu/kwolf/KW_CV/
• More Than a Walk in the Park: evidence of the medicinal value of nature
Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D. Research Social Scientist, PRESENTATION
http://goo.gl/KLIWyj
• Urban residential environments and senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: the
importance of walkable green spaces
T Takano, K Nakamura, M Watanabe, 2002, PDF
http://jech.bmj.com/content/56/12/913.full
REFERENCIAS
• Human Dimensions of Urban Forestry and Urban Gardening
http://www.naturewithin.info
• David J. Nowak, Ph.D.
USDA Forest Service
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/dnowak• Statement about the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
- IPCC, PDF
https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/nobel/Nobel_statement_final.pdf
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
https://www.ipcc.ch
• TREE Model:
The effects of urban trees on air quality
David J. Nowak, USDA Forest Service, Syracuse, NY, 2002, PDF
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/units/urban/local-resources/downloads/Tree_Air_Qual.pdf
• Don’t Sell the Value of Your Trees Short
Skiera, Jim, ISA Perspectives, Arborist News, PRINT
https://goo.gl/aikDWq
• Estimated Biogenic VOC Emission Rates for Common U.S. Trees and Shrubs, PDF
Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Ibana, Myriam. 2002. Brooklyn’s
urban forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-290. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of
Agriculture,
Forest Service, Northeastem Research Station. 107 p. 53
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/units/urban/local-resources/downloads/vocrates.pdf
• Urban Forest Effects Model - UFORE - Online Tools
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/tools/ufore/
• i-Tree Mobile Data Collection
https://www.itreetools.org/mobile/
• iTree Urban Forest Assessment Applications & Utilities -
The Science Behind Quantifying Urban Forest Ecosystem Services
Nowak, David, PRESENTATION
http://goo.gl/Vr0Ycm
• Air Pollution Removal by Green Infrastructure and i-Tree Software
Nowak, David, VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUx0OiIsOAw
• Improve Your World: Urban Forests
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Nowak, David, VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdNIX7tTDmU
• National Tree Benefit Calculator - Davey Tree
http://www.davey.com/arborist-advice/articles/national-tree-benefit-calculator/
• National Tree Benefit Calculator
http://www.treebenefits.com/calculator/
• Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States
David J. Nowak, et al, 2014
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114002395
• L'architecture des arbres des régions tempérées - Son histoire, ses concepts, ses
usages
Jeanne Millet, 2012, PRINT
• Le développement de l'arbre : Guide de diagnostic
Jeanne Millet, 2015, PRINT
• Jeanne Millet
https://www.facebook.com/jeannemilletauteure
• Tree Architecture
https://www.facebook.com/arboritecture
• Lichen Bioindication of Biodiversity, Air Quality, and Climate: Baseline Results
From Monitoring in Washington, Oregon, and California,
USDA, PDF
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr737.pdf
• Understanding air pollutants and air pollution effects on lichens: A Pacific
Northwest perspective
USFS
http://gis.nacse.org/lichenair/?page=airpollution
• Introducing 'treeconomics': how street trees can save our cities
The Guardian, WEB
http://goo.gl/BQqI0V
• Urban trees make you feel 7 years younger and $10,000 richer |
Neighborhood greenspace and health in a large urban center,
Omid Kardan, et al, PDF, 2015
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11610
• The Value of a Tree
Mortom Arboretum
http://www.mortonarb.org/files/The%20Value%20of%20a%20Tree.pdf
• NTSG - National Tree Safety Group,
Common sense risk management of trees, PDF, 2011
20 pgs, PDF Summary
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/safetreemanagement
104 pgs, Full PDF
http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/FCMS024.pdf/$FILE/FCMS024.pdf
• Environment and crime in the inner city - Does vegetation reduce crime?
Frances E. Kuo, William C. Sullivan, PDF, 2001
http://willsull.net/resources/Sullivan-papers/KuoSullivan2001crime.pdf
• Landscape and Human Health Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, Frances E. Kuo, Director
http://lhhl.illinois.edu

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Un enfoque práctico para clasificar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre los beneficios de los árboles y bosques urbanos, 2015.11.13, Monterrey, Restrepo, David

  • 1. Un enfoque práctico para clasificar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre los beneficios de los árboles y bosques urbanos David S. Restrepo ISA Certified Arborist MX-0305A CS 98-051, France, 1997-98, 2009
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  • 10. ORLANDO KEY LARGO 38 000 ÁRBOLES Coral Gables, Fla (476 km)
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  • 19. USDA Forest Service and University of Washington Dr. Kathleen Wolf
 kwolf@u.washington.edu
 December 2012
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  • 25. UNEP: United Nations Environment Program WMO: World Meteorological Organization
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  • 38. i-Tree Urban Forest Assessment Applications & Utilities
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  • 65. – John Muir “”When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe."
  • 66. – John Muir “Cuando tratamos de identificar algo por sí mismo, descubrimos que está atado a todo en el universo.” (Traducción libre)
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  • 90. ❝Safety is but one of the many goals to which we aspire; the mistake that is often made is to focus on safety as if it is the only goal ❞PROFESSOR DAVID BALL Centre for Decision Analysis and Risk Management Middlesex University Common sense risk management of trees Landowner summary of guidance on trees and public safety in the UK for estates and smallholdings NATIONAL TREE SAFETY GROUP N T S G
  • 91. N T S G NTSG NATIONAL TREE SAFETY GROUP Guidance on trees and public safety in the UK for owners, managers and advisers Common sense risk management of trees COMMONSENSERISKMANAGEMENTOFTREES
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  • 126. 1 CLIMA 1.1 MICROCLIMA 1.1.1 PROTECCIÓN - RADIACIÓN UV (ULTRAVIOLETA) - OLA DE CALOR - SOL - LLUVIA 1.1.2 TEMPERATURA - ENERGÍA - EVAPORACIÓN ACTIVA - SOMBRA - AIRE MÁS FRESCO - ENERGÍA - DURABILIDAD - ASFALTO - INFRAESTRUCTURA URBANA - REGULACIÓN - EFECTO DE ISLA DE CALOR 1.2 VIENTO 1.2.1 CONTROL DEL VIENTO 1.2.2 PROTECCIÓN 1.2.3 EROSIÓN POR EL VIENTO 1.2.4 VALLAS VIVAS DE CONTENCIÓN DE NIEVE 2 CONTAMINACIÓN 2.1 AIRE 2.1.1 CALIDAD 2.1.2 OXÍGENO 2.1.3 CONTAMINANTES - PARTICULAS Y GASES - OTROS CONTAMINANTES NOCIVOS 2.1.4 CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL - GASES DE INVERNADERO - OZONO - CO2 2.2 RUIDO 2.2.1 BARRERAS Y DEFLECTORES 2.2.2 ESTRES, TENSIÓN E INSOMNIO 3 BIODIVERSIDAD 3.1 FAUNA 3.1.1 HABITAT 3.1.2 ALIMENTO 3.1.3 CORREDORES 3.1.4 ANIMALES DOMÉSTICOS 3.2 FLORA 3.2.1 VEGETACIÓN URBANA 3.2.2 LIQUENES y MUSGO 3.2.3 EPIFITAS 4 AGUA Y SUELO 4.1 HIDROLOGÍA 4.1.1 CALIDAD DEL AGUA 4.1.2 LLUVIA 4.1.3 CONTROL DE AGUAS PLUVIALES - INTERCEPTACIÓN - INFILTRACIÓN - MANTO FREATICO - ESCORRENTIA E INUNDACIONES - EROSIÓN POR EL AGUA 4.1.4 CUENCAS Y ARRECIFES 4.2 SUELOS 4.2.1 MEJORA DEL SUELO 4.2.2 PROTECCIÓN CONTRA CAÍDAS DE ROCAS 4.2.3 CONTROL DE BARRANCAS 5 VALOR 5.1 PROPIEDAD 5.2 PATRIMONIO 5.3 REGRESOS 5.4 AHORROS 5.5 DURABILIDAD 5.5.1 ASFALTO 5.5.2 INFRAESTRUCTURA URBANA ECOLÓGICO : ECONÓMICO
  • 127. 1 VISUAL 1.1 ARQUITECTURA URBANA 1.1.1 PANTALLAS - REDUCCIÓN DEL RESPLANDOR - FILTRACIÓN 1.1.2 UNIDAD Y ARMONÍA 1.2 PAISAJE URBANO 1.2.1 BANQUETAS VIBRANTES 1.2.2 CAMELLONES 1.2.3 CARACTER E IDENTIDAD 1.2.4 SENTIMIENTO DE PERTENENCIA A UN LUGAR 1.3 ORNAMENTAL 3 SALUD PÚBLICA 3.1 ENFERMEDADES 3.2 SANACIÓN 3.3 TERAPIAS 3.4 LONGEVIDAD 3.5 FISIOLÓGICO 3.6 PSICOLÓGICO 3.6.1 BIENESTAR 3.6.2 SALUD MENTAL 3.6.3 ESTRÉS 3.7 ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA 4 SEGURIDAD 4.1 SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA 4.1.1 CRIMEN Y MIEDO 4.1.2 CALLES SEGURAS 4.1.3 SENSACIÓN DE SEGURIDAD 4.2 VIOLENCIA 4.3 RIESGO 5 LOCOMOCIÓN 5.1 PEATONES 5.1.1 AMBIENTE AGRADABLE PARA CAMINAR 5.1.2 ENTORNO MÁS SEGURO PARA CAMINAR 5.2 CICLOVIAS 5.2.1 SEGURIDAD 5.2.2 CICLISMO 5.3 TRÁNSITO 5.3.1 ACCIDENTES 5.3.2 FLUIDEZ 5.3.3 VELOCIDAD 5.3.4 PSICOLÓGICO - PRECAUCIÓN AL CONDUCIR - EFECTO CALMANTE ESTÉTICO : SOCIAL 2 COMUNIDAD 2.1 CIUDADES HABITABLES 2.2 COHESIÓN SOCIAL 2.2.1 ACTIVIDADES COMUNITARIAS - RECREACIÓN - TIEMPO LIBRE - PLANTACIÓN DE ÁRBOLES 2.2.2 LAZOS SOCIALES - CREACIÓN DE COMUNIDADES - UNIFICACIÓN 2.2.3 IDENTIDAD SOCIAL 2.2.4 VIDA ACTIVA - NIÑOS EN LA NATURALEZA - SALIR AFUERA 2.2.5 APEGO Y SENTIDO AL LUGAR 2.2.6 ESTABILIDAD ECONÓMICA 2.3 EDUCACIÓN 2.3.1 APRENDIZAJE 2.3.2 CONCENTRACIÓN 2.3.3 CREATIVIDAD 2.4 TRABAJO 2.4.1 PRODUCTIVIDAD 2.4.2 CREATIVIDAD 2.5 NEGOCIOS 2.5.1 IMAGEN 2.5.2 INGRESOS 2.5.3 COMPORTAMIENTO 2.6 EMPLEOS 2.7 PATRIMONIO 2.7.1 HISTORIA 2.7.2 ÁRBOLES MONUMENTALES 2.8 CULTURA 2.8.1 TRADICIÓN 2.8.2 ESPIRITUALIDAD
  • 128. • David S. Restrepo @restrepodavid https://twitter.com/restrepodavid http://www.siaq.org/a_propos_de_nous.html • Asociación Mexicana de Arboricultura http://www.arboricultura.org.mx https://www.facebook.com/arboricultura/ https://twitter.com/arbolama • ¡AMA los árboles! https://www.facebook.com/arbolesybosquesurbanos/ • V Foro Nacional de Arboricultura y Dasonomía Urbana en Monterrey http://www.amanoreste.org • Skiera, Jim, ISA Perspectives, Arborist News, 2015, PRINT Think Inside the Box “Trees as Infrastructure: Building resilient Communities.” | Mitigation Framework Leadership Group (MitFLG) "Enlightened communities using trees in ways never expected or intended" | "Trees used to mitigate risk associated with humans" • International Society of Arboriculture http://www.isa-arbor.com • Sociedad Internacional de Arboricultura http://www.isahispana.com/ • Trees are Good http://www.treesaregood.com • MillionTrees NYC http://www.milliontreesnyc.org • Street trees, Victor Dover, TEDxCoralGables, VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-VANKtbLko "Un enfoque práctico para clasificar datos cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre los beneficios y el valor de los árboles urbanos saludables y bien mantenidos y los bosques urbanos manejados estratégicamente.” Conferencia por David S. Restrepo ISA Certified Arborist MX-0305A CS 98-051, France, 1997-98, 2009 Arbor Culture arboricultural@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/arborculture https://youtu.be/HTF7OZbTugU V Foro Nacional de Arboricultura y Dasonomía Urbana en Monterrey, Nuevo León, México "Infraestructura verde urbana" Viernes 13 de noviembre de 2015 • Trees Pay Us Back - Volume 1 http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/vol1/index.html • Trees Pay Us Back - Volume 2 http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/vol2/index.html • Benefits of Trees in an Urban Setting: Selected Bibliography http://na.fs.fed.us/urban/treespayusback/vol2/default%20no%20links.htm • Green Cities: Good Health http://depts.washington.edu/hhwb/ • Acer saccharum study: A single maple tree 15m tall has been estimated to have 177,000 leaves, with a total leaf surface area of 675m2, 1.5 times the area of a basketball court. Hillis, David, M., et al, Principles of Life - Page 532, 2012, PRINT https://goo.gl/LwIW0O • Kathleen L. Wolf, Ph. D. http://staff.washington.edu/kwolf/KW_CV/ • More Than a Walk in the Park: evidence of the medicinal value of nature Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D. Research Social Scientist, PRESENTATION http://goo.gl/KLIWyj • Urban residential environments and senior citizens’ longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces T Takano, K Nakamura, M Watanabe, 2002, PDF http://jech.bmj.com/content/56/12/913.full REFERENCIAS
  • 129. • Human Dimensions of Urban Forestry and Urban Gardening http://www.naturewithin.info • David J. Nowak, Ph.D. USDA Forest Service http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/dnowak• Statement about the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize - IPCC, PDF https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/nobel/Nobel_statement_final.pdf • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch • TREE Model: The effects of urban trees on air quality David J. Nowak, USDA Forest Service, Syracuse, NY, 2002, PDF http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/units/urban/local-resources/downloads/Tree_Air_Qual.pdf • Don’t Sell the Value of Your Trees Short Skiera, Jim, ISA Perspectives, Arborist News, PRINT https://goo.gl/aikDWq • Estimated Biogenic VOC Emission Rates for Common U.S. Trees and Shrubs, PDF Nowak, David J.; Crane, Daniel E.; Stevens, Jack C.; Ibana, Myriam. 2002. Brooklyn’s urban forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-290. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastem Research Station. 107 p. 53 http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/units/urban/local-resources/downloads/vocrates.pdf • Urban Forest Effects Model - UFORE - Online Tools http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/tools/ufore/ • i-Tree Mobile Data Collection https://www.itreetools.org/mobile/ • iTree Urban Forest Assessment Applications & Utilities - The Science Behind Quantifying Urban Forest Ecosystem Services Nowak, David, PRESENTATION http://goo.gl/Vr0Ycm • Air Pollution Removal by Green Infrastructure and i-Tree Software Nowak, David, VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUx0OiIsOAw • Improve Your World: Urban Forests SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Nowak, David, VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdNIX7tTDmU • National Tree Benefit Calculator - Davey Tree http://www.davey.com/arborist-advice/articles/national-tree-benefit-calculator/ • National Tree Benefit Calculator http://www.treebenefits.com/calculator/ • Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States David J. Nowak, et al, 2014 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749114002395 • L'architecture des arbres des régions tempérées - Son histoire, ses concepts, ses usages Jeanne Millet, 2012, PRINT • Le développement de l'arbre : Guide de diagnostic Jeanne Millet, 2015, PRINT • Jeanne Millet https://www.facebook.com/jeannemilletauteure • Tree Architecture https://www.facebook.com/arboritecture • Lichen Bioindication of Biodiversity, Air Quality, and Climate: Baseline Results From Monitoring in Washington, Oregon, and California, USDA, PDF http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr737.pdf • Understanding air pollutants and air pollution effects on lichens: A Pacific Northwest perspective USFS http://gis.nacse.org/lichenair/?page=airpollution • Introducing 'treeconomics': how street trees can save our cities The Guardian, WEB http://goo.gl/BQqI0V • Urban trees make you feel 7 years younger and $10,000 richer | Neighborhood greenspace and health in a large urban center, Omid Kardan, et al, PDF, 2015 http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11610 • The Value of a Tree Mortom Arboretum http://www.mortonarb.org/files/The%20Value%20of%20a%20Tree.pdf • NTSG - National Tree Safety Group, Common sense risk management of trees, PDF, 2011 20 pgs, PDF Summary http://www.forestry.gov.uk/safetreemanagement 104 pgs, Full PDF http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/FCMS024.pdf/$FILE/FCMS024.pdf
  • 130. • Environment and crime in the inner city - Does vegetation reduce crime? Frances E. Kuo, William C. Sullivan, PDF, 2001 http://willsull.net/resources/Sullivan-papers/KuoSullivan2001crime.pdf • Landscape and Human Health Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Frances E. Kuo, Director http://lhhl.illinois.edu