This document summarizes a study on amending soil with oil palm effluent, fiber, and NPK fertilizer and assessing the impact on maize growth. Key findings:
1. The oil palm effluent and fiber were found to contain significant amounts of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that could improve soil fertility.
2. Analysis of the soil properties after amendment found increases in nutrients like phosphorus, organic carbon, and nitrogen, especially at application rates of 20kg/ha.
3. Maize plants grown in the amended soils showed increases in growth parameters like plant height, leaf length, and stem girth, and higher yields compared to the unamended control soils.
Wastes produced from sugarcane industries are organic in nature, and it augmented the soil properties as well as improves crop yield and quality. In 2016 field experiment was conducted to investigate effect of filter cake and bagasse for nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency of upland rice grown on calcareous sodic soils of Amibara District. The result revealed that plant nutrient use efficiency indices agronomic efficiency, agrophysiological efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency of both nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the application of filter cake and bagasse. The maximum nitrogen was recovered at 20 t ha-1 filter cake followed by combined application of 10 t ha-1 bagasse + 20 t ha-1 FC that gave 45.10 % from kg quantity of nitrogen uptake per unit of kg nutrient applied. But, the minimum nitrogen recovery efficiency was recorded at 20 t ha-1 bagasse + 20 t ha-1 filter cake. The Phosphorus apparent recovery efficiency ranged from 18.55- 32.91 %. The interaction of filter cake with bagasse also highly significantly (P < 0.01) affected rice grain yield. It can be encouraged to use these wastes with combination of inorganic chemical fertilizers under various cropping systems to enhance nutrient availability to plant under calcareous sodic soil.
Characterization of Solid Silicone Fertilizer Produced by Hydrothermal Proces...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Wastes from agriculture or sewage systems have several properties, such as huge volume, high humidity, and high organic compositions. According to the past studied, sugarcane exocarp, peanut shells and rice husk contain high silicon content. Chemical conversion of biomass feedstock will enhance usage and provide value to agricultural waste. In this research, we applied hydrothermal carbonization to rice husk waste biomass to produce silicon-doped biochar carbon material. From SEM/SEX, FT-IR and XRD results, The silicon content of the synthesized carbon materials changed with increase in carbonization temperature. In addition, the averaged silicon content in carbon material was found:sugarcane exocarp to be 3.27wt %, peanut shells to be 3.01wt %, rice husks to be 7.26wt %. The silicon content of synthesized carbon materials changed with the carbonization temperature. It was speculated that due to silicon content of rice husk, peanut shells and sugarcane exocarp, Raw materials dissolve into reaction water bath and might have bonded to the surface of carbide whilst in hydrothermal carbonization processes. Silicon content of agriculture wastes through hydrothermal carbonization was found to be feasible for the production of silicon-doped Biochars carbon materials. It is suggested that this method be used for recycling of high carbon content waste material for the production of carbon materials. Recycled silicon doped biochars can be used as a base fertilizer for growing vegetables, organic soil conditioner, and also improve the added value of agriculture. Silicon containing biomasses are feasible methods for the recovery and recycling and processing of agricultural waste. Therefore, this study using agricultural waste sugarcane exocarp, peanut shells and rice husk raw carbon silicon fertilizer raw materials production, cultivation hypokalemia, hyponatremia high silicon vegetables Accord research of patients with hyperkalemia (kidney disease).
Determination of characteristics of wastewater generated by the elaboration o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Presented by Haimanote K. Bayabil, Johannes C. Lehmann, Birru Yitaferu, Cathelijne Stoof and Tammo S. Steenhuis at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop–2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9 – 10 July 2013
Wastes produced from sugarcane industries are organic in nature, and it augmented the soil properties as well as improves crop yield and quality. In 2016 field experiment was conducted to investigate effect of filter cake and bagasse for nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency of upland rice grown on calcareous sodic soils of Amibara District. The result revealed that plant nutrient use efficiency indices agronomic efficiency, agrophysiological efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency of both nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the application of filter cake and bagasse. The maximum nitrogen was recovered at 20 t ha-1 filter cake followed by combined application of 10 t ha-1 bagasse + 20 t ha-1 FC that gave 45.10 % from kg quantity of nitrogen uptake per unit of kg nutrient applied. But, the minimum nitrogen recovery efficiency was recorded at 20 t ha-1 bagasse + 20 t ha-1 filter cake. The Phosphorus apparent recovery efficiency ranged from 18.55- 32.91 %. The interaction of filter cake with bagasse also highly significantly (P < 0.01) affected rice grain yield. It can be encouraged to use these wastes with combination of inorganic chemical fertilizers under various cropping systems to enhance nutrient availability to plant under calcareous sodic soil.
Characterization of Solid Silicone Fertilizer Produced by Hydrothermal Proces...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Wastes from agriculture or sewage systems have several properties, such as huge volume, high humidity, and high organic compositions. According to the past studied, sugarcane exocarp, peanut shells and rice husk contain high silicon content. Chemical conversion of biomass feedstock will enhance usage and provide value to agricultural waste. In this research, we applied hydrothermal carbonization to rice husk waste biomass to produce silicon-doped biochar carbon material. From SEM/SEX, FT-IR and XRD results, The silicon content of the synthesized carbon materials changed with increase in carbonization temperature. In addition, the averaged silicon content in carbon material was found:sugarcane exocarp to be 3.27wt %, peanut shells to be 3.01wt %, rice husks to be 7.26wt %. The silicon content of synthesized carbon materials changed with the carbonization temperature. It was speculated that due to silicon content of rice husk, peanut shells and sugarcane exocarp, Raw materials dissolve into reaction water bath and might have bonded to the surface of carbide whilst in hydrothermal carbonization processes. Silicon content of agriculture wastes through hydrothermal carbonization was found to be feasible for the production of silicon-doped Biochars carbon materials. It is suggested that this method be used for recycling of high carbon content waste material for the production of carbon materials. Recycled silicon doped biochars can be used as a base fertilizer for growing vegetables, organic soil conditioner, and also improve the added value of agriculture. Silicon containing biomasses are feasible methods for the recovery and recycling and processing of agricultural waste. Therefore, this study using agricultural waste sugarcane exocarp, peanut shells and rice husk raw carbon silicon fertilizer raw materials production, cultivation hypokalemia, hyponatremia high silicon vegetables Accord research of patients with hyperkalemia (kidney disease).
Determination of characteristics of wastewater generated by the elaboration o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Presented by Haimanote K. Bayabil, Johannes C. Lehmann, Birru Yitaferu, Cathelijne Stoof and Tammo S. Steenhuis at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop–2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9 – 10 July 2013
Effect of Biochar on Seed Germination, Early Growth and Soil PropertiesMontasir Shamim
This a study which was conducted to fulfill the following objectives:
- To assess the effect the various dosages of biochar from different feedstocks on the germination and early growth of seedlings.
- To assess how soil physical and properties changes by the addition of biochar.
- To evaluate the impact on biochar on soil nutrients availability.
Biochar preparation and effect of biochars on corn growth, yield , nutrient ...Dr. Pavinchandra patel
Biochar is sterile, odorless, high carbon solid that can be produced from a variety of organic feedstock. Soil application of biochar can reduce the overall total BD of the soil which is desirable for most plant growth and increased WHC. Nutrient availability can be affected by increasing CEC, altering soil pH, or direct nutrient contributions from biochar. The soil fertility of course texture is poor, so biochar application improved soil fertility of sandy loam soils, especially soil having low O.C., CEC, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and increased nutrient uptake resulted in increased in crop yield.
• Application of corn stover biochar @ 10 t ha-1 along with RDF increased DM and CP yield, chlorophyll content and plant height (at 30 and 60 DAS) as compared to CB and PJ biochars and FYM.
• Nutrient uptake like P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Cu were significantly increased with the application of RDF+MS10 while in case of uptake of N and Mn were significantly increased in RDF+MS5.
• RDF+MS10 was found most effective in obtaining significantly higher DMY and CPY and larger removal of nutrients from the soil and found beneficial for built up nutrients in soil. It also showed significantly higher CEC and OC content in sandy loam soil.
• Application of RDF+MS5 significantly increased DMY and CPY content of forage corn crop which ultimately resulted in larger removals of nutrients from the soil.
CAN BIOCHAR AMENDMENTS IMPROVE SOIL QUALITY AND REDUCE CO2? A Climate Change ...Jenkins Macedo
ABSTRACT
Variations in rainfall, increased mean surface temperature, persistent drought, reduced soil moisture and nutrient, and crop failures have all been evidently linked to anthropogenic-induced climate change, which impacts food security. Agricultural soils can be used to reduce atmospheric CO2 by altering the physicochemical composition of soil organic matter through biochar soil amendments. This study draws on current literature published online, in peer review journal articles, books, and conference proceedings to assess the implications of biochar soil amendments to enhance soil quality, while reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Building on the critical analytical approach, biochar use as soil amendments have been tested to have promising environmental potential, which improves soil quality and quantity thereby enhancing soil moisture status and reduces atmospheric CO2. Analyses of biochar amended soils in terrestrial ecosystems reduces about 12% of the total Carbon (C) emitted through anthropogenic land use change. Biochar amended soil systems are dependable in tracing and quantifying sequestered C and can stay in the soil for thousands of years. The challenge with biochar as soil amendments is the type of biomass that can yield high quality biochar through the pyrolysis process.
Key words: Biochar, amendments, regenerative agriculture, food security, climate change, atmospheric CO2, pyrolysis, Carbon, soil moisture.
Study on conversion of sand to soil organicallySohel Rana
Study on conversion of sand to soil organically.
Through this process we can develop our poor soil surface into the healthy surface and this soil is able to produce different plants for food and others.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Biochar for sustainable land management and climate change mitigationExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Annette Cowie, from UNCCD – SPI - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed Sargassum Sp.ijtsrd
In this study, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was used to produce bioethanol by using enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification method. Bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was more commercial than using any other starch based raw materials because it can be easily collected on Chaung Tha beach in Myanmar without any impact on environment. In this regard, the productivity of bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was determined by separate hydrolysis and fermentation SHF with yeasts. Two types of yeasts were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for glucose fermentation in brown seaweed and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate N3,N18,N24 were used for mannitol fermentation which consist plenty in brown seaweed. The effects of enzymatic liquefaction, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation on this sample were studied. From the fermentation studies, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. gave the ethanol percent by weight of 2.56 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae only and 4.1 by using mixture of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. The maximum yield of crude ethanol was 32.5 by fermentating yeast mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. When it was fermented by just only Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yield of crude ethanol percent was 20.3 . Nway Mon Mon Oo | Tint Tint Kywe "Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Sp.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28011.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/28011/preparation-of-bioethanol-from-brown-seaweed-sargassum-sp/nway-mon-mon-oo
Measuring Success: Community groups and environmental restoration MonicaPeters
Citizen Science is a global phenomenon. Many projects are large scale and designed by scientists with the public as data collectors. This presentation delivered at the Yellow-Eyed Penguin Trust's 25 year celebration (Oct 17-18, Dunedin, New Zealand) highlights preliminary findings from PhD research into NZ community groups and their restoration activities.
Effect of Biochar on Seed Germination, Early Growth and Soil PropertiesMontasir Shamim
This a study which was conducted to fulfill the following objectives:
- To assess the effect the various dosages of biochar from different feedstocks on the germination and early growth of seedlings.
- To assess how soil physical and properties changes by the addition of biochar.
- To evaluate the impact on biochar on soil nutrients availability.
Biochar preparation and effect of biochars on corn growth, yield , nutrient ...Dr. Pavinchandra patel
Biochar is sterile, odorless, high carbon solid that can be produced from a variety of organic feedstock. Soil application of biochar can reduce the overall total BD of the soil which is desirable for most plant growth and increased WHC. Nutrient availability can be affected by increasing CEC, altering soil pH, or direct nutrient contributions from biochar. The soil fertility of course texture is poor, so biochar application improved soil fertility of sandy loam soils, especially soil having low O.C., CEC, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and increased nutrient uptake resulted in increased in crop yield.
• Application of corn stover biochar @ 10 t ha-1 along with RDF increased DM and CP yield, chlorophyll content and plant height (at 30 and 60 DAS) as compared to CB and PJ biochars and FYM.
• Nutrient uptake like P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Cu were significantly increased with the application of RDF+MS10 while in case of uptake of N and Mn were significantly increased in RDF+MS5.
• RDF+MS10 was found most effective in obtaining significantly higher DMY and CPY and larger removal of nutrients from the soil and found beneficial for built up nutrients in soil. It also showed significantly higher CEC and OC content in sandy loam soil.
• Application of RDF+MS5 significantly increased DMY and CPY content of forage corn crop which ultimately resulted in larger removals of nutrients from the soil.
CAN BIOCHAR AMENDMENTS IMPROVE SOIL QUALITY AND REDUCE CO2? A Climate Change ...Jenkins Macedo
ABSTRACT
Variations in rainfall, increased mean surface temperature, persistent drought, reduced soil moisture and nutrient, and crop failures have all been evidently linked to anthropogenic-induced climate change, which impacts food security. Agricultural soils can be used to reduce atmospheric CO2 by altering the physicochemical composition of soil organic matter through biochar soil amendments. This study draws on current literature published online, in peer review journal articles, books, and conference proceedings to assess the implications of biochar soil amendments to enhance soil quality, while reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Building on the critical analytical approach, biochar use as soil amendments have been tested to have promising environmental potential, which improves soil quality and quantity thereby enhancing soil moisture status and reduces atmospheric CO2. Analyses of biochar amended soils in terrestrial ecosystems reduces about 12% of the total Carbon (C) emitted through anthropogenic land use change. Biochar amended soil systems are dependable in tracing and quantifying sequestered C and can stay in the soil for thousands of years. The challenge with biochar as soil amendments is the type of biomass that can yield high quality biochar through the pyrolysis process.
Key words: Biochar, amendments, regenerative agriculture, food security, climate change, atmospheric CO2, pyrolysis, Carbon, soil moisture.
Study on conversion of sand to soil organicallySohel Rana
Study on conversion of sand to soil organically.
Through this process we can develop our poor soil surface into the healthy surface and this soil is able to produce different plants for food and others.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Biochar for sustainable land management and climate change mitigationExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Annette Cowie, from UNCCD – SPI - Australia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed Sargassum Sp.ijtsrd
In this study, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was used to produce bioethanol by using enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification method. Bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was more commercial than using any other starch based raw materials because it can be easily collected on Chaung Tha beach in Myanmar without any impact on environment. In this regard, the productivity of bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was determined by separate hydrolysis and fermentation SHF with yeasts. Two types of yeasts were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for glucose fermentation in brown seaweed and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate N3,N18,N24 were used for mannitol fermentation which consist plenty in brown seaweed. The effects of enzymatic liquefaction, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation on this sample were studied. From the fermentation studies, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. gave the ethanol percent by weight of 2.56 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae only and 4.1 by using mixture of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. The maximum yield of crude ethanol was 32.5 by fermentating yeast mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. When it was fermented by just only Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yield of crude ethanol percent was 20.3 . Nway Mon Mon Oo | Tint Tint Kywe "Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Sp.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28011.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/28011/preparation-of-bioethanol-from-brown-seaweed-sargassum-sp/nway-mon-mon-oo
Measuring Success: Community groups and environmental restoration MonicaPeters
Citizen Science is a global phenomenon. Many projects are large scale and designed by scientists with the public as data collectors. This presentation delivered at the Yellow-Eyed Penguin Trust's 25 year celebration (Oct 17-18, Dunedin, New Zealand) highlights preliminary findings from PhD research into NZ community groups and their restoration activities.
Abstract— An experiment was carried out at Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki to evaluate the effect of biochar on soil chemical properties, carbon storage and maize performance in an Ultisoil in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments replicated five times. Data collected were analysed using the General Linear Model of SAS software in RCBD and significant difference dictated using F-LSD. Soil samples were collected and analysed for organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, available P, exchangeable bases and exchangeable acidity while crop performance measured were maize height and maize grain yield. Results of the study showed that biochar amended plots had significant (P < 0.05) higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, available P, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, carbon storage, maize height and maize grain yield than control. Also, there was an increase in the magnitude of the parameters with an increase in the rate of biochar applied. This study recommends that biochar should be used as soil amendments to increase soil productivity and carbon storage in the soil to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere.
Green waste compost with wood ash additive improves physico-chemical and biol...AI Publications
A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the potential of green waste wood ash compost on a tropical acid soil. Four types of compost (prepared with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of wood ash prior composting) were used to amend an Oxisol from the centre region of Cameroon. The different composts were mixed with the soil in 1/4 proportions (w/w); the experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replicates per treatment. The different treatments were planted with soybean (Glycine max L.) for three month growing period. Compost amendment increased the soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Bacterial and fungal biomass together with cellulase and protease activities also increased in amended soil. Following soil chemical, physical and chemical parameters, plant growth and yield also improved in compost treated sols. However, compost prepared with 15% wood ash additive showed trends of inhibition of the soil microbiota. It can be concluded that green waste wood ash compost could be used as a suitable soil fertilizer for tropical acid soils, although precautions are to be taken when using these composts prepared with addition of wood ash ≥ 15%.
restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizer contribute through biological fixation of nitrogen, solubilization of fixed nutrients and enhanced uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Intercropping has been in practice for centuries to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). It reported that physico-chemical changes in soil under pure and alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala (after six year) and found that alley cropping more suitable than pure crop (Gangwar et al., 2004).
Biochar is a product rich in carbon that comes from the pyrolysis of biomass, generally of vegetable origin. It is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter exposed to temperatures between 350-600°C in an atmosphere with low oxygen availability (pyrolysis), which can be slow, intermediate or fast. The objective of this review is to show how biochar (BC) can be obtained and its effects on the physicochemical properties of soils and physiological behavior of cultivated plants. However, most studies reported positive effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activities, plant biomass and yield, and potential reductions of soil GHG emissions. This review summarized the general findings of the impacts of biochar application on different aspects from soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties, to soil nutrient availabilities, plant growth, biomass production and yield, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, and soil carbon sequestration. The biochar applications in soil remediation in the past years were summarized and possible mechanisms were discussed. Finally, the potential risks of biochar application and the future research directions were analyzed to verify the mechanisms involved in biochar-soil-microbial-plant interactions for soil carbon sequestration and crop biomass and yield improvements.
It is about the importance of Soil carbon.The ways for enhancing the soil carbon and how these soil carbon changes over period of time under different land use systems.
Influence of Organic Wastes on Ecotoxicity of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Conta...Premier Publishers
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of organic wastes on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a contaminated soil. Three groups of soil samples (60 kg per group) were contaminated with four petroleum products (spent engine oil, petrol, diesel and kerosene), mixed together in a volumetric ratio of 1:1:1:1. The first group was contaminated with 5% weight/weight (w/w) of the mixed petroleum products; the second group was contaminated with 10% (w/w) of the mixed petroleum products; while the third group was contaminated with 15% (w/w) of the mixed petroleum products. In the bioremediation process, 3 kg of soil from each contaminated group (5%, 10% and 15% contamination) was filled into plastic containers, and amended with 0.5 kg cattle dungs and 0.5 kg rice husk, and coded CD + RH; while another 3 kg from each contaminated group was filled into plastic containers, and amended with 0.5 kg cattle dungs and 0.5 kg sawdust, and was coded CD + SD. The total hydrocarbon content (THC) and ecotoxicity of the soils samples were determined in accordance to standards procedures. The results revealed that the soil contaminated with 5% petroleum products generally had the highest biodegradation rate. In term of the ecotoxicity of the petroleum hydrocarbons, the cucumber planted in the amended soil samples had a lower radicle growth inhibition rate; when compared with the control soil samples. This study revealed that a combination of organic waste materials can be effectively utilized in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE BIOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED BY DIESEL IAEME Publication
The most widely used energy and fuel resources are hydrocarbons such as crude oil and petroleum distillates. The accidental discharge of these petroleum products contribute in making hydrocarbons the most common environmental pollutants. Bioremediation helps to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity. The present study utilizes the potential of bioremediation to remediate soil contaminated with diesel. Eight bioreactors were used for the study, out of which four bioreactors were maintained at optimum environmental conditions and the remaining four were kept without any maintenance to serve as control bioreactors. Contaminated soil was prepared by mixing fresh soil and diesel so as to attain 10% TPH concentrations by weight of soil. Each bioreactor was filled with 3 kg of contaminated soil.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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Response of maize to soil amended with oil palm effluent, fibre and n.p.k fertilizer
1. Chemistry and Materials Research
ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online)
Vol.3 No.10, 2013
www.iiste.org
Response of Maize to Soil Amended with Oil Palm Effluent, Fibre
and N.P.K Fertilizer
AKINYELE, S.Ajibade1*, AJAYI, O.O2, AIYESANMI, F. Ademola.2
1.
Dept. of Sci Tech. Federal Poly Ado-Ekiti
2.
Dept. of Chemistry Federal University of Technology, Akure.
*
Corresponding Author:
Akinyele, S.A (kinyelesa@yahoo.com)
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME), the liquid waste from oil palm processing industries was collected and filtered
through the soil, the filtered effluent, waste fibre and N.P.K were used to amend soil at the rate of 0, (control),
10Kgha-1, and 20Kgha-l, with the possibility of using them as supplement to inorganic fertilizer. The results of
the soil analysis shows a considerable increased in available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, organic carbon and organic
matter, potassium and other essential nutrient. Performance characteristics of the maize used as biomonitor
shows that there is an increased in stem girth, leaf length and yield per hectare, therefore result of the study
shows that POME and oil palm fibre could be used to improve productivity of soil and create alternative waste
management in oil palm processing industries.
Keywords: palm oil mill effluent, soil fertility, waste management.
1. Introduction
Maize is considered as one of the most important annual crop across various part of Nigeria. It is grown by many
farmers as good sources of carbohydrates, minerals and some amino acids like lysine. In industries it is one of
the major raw materials in flour, feed and brewing industries. With the over dependent of man on processed food,
the annual demand for maize keep increasing and demand can no longer meet up with supply.
The non-availability of fertile soil arising from increased population, bad agricultural and industrial practices
makes farmers to adopt means of enhancing the productivity of the soils. This includes the use of inorganic
fertilizers, organic matter addition, and tillage practices. Where available the chemical fertilizers are very
expensive and cost do not give corresponding high yield. The effect of fertilizer application to soil and maize
yield has been reported by Odedina, (2005) while Mbagwu et al (2006) and Mbah (2006), separately reported the
effect of animal waste on yield of maize.
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the liquid waste generated from oil palm processing (Agamuthu, 1995). POME
contains significant amount of solids both suspended solids and total dissolved solids in the range of 18000mLand 40,000mgL- (Ma, 2000). It is also rich in Ca, Mg, N, P and K (Habib et al, 1997, Akinyele et al, 2009).
When filtered it has been excellently used to improve soil productivity. Organic matter plays an important role in
soil productivity and the solid in raw POME are a good source of organic matter (chan et al, 1980).
The oil palm fiber account for 30% of the solid waste generated from fresh fruit bunches processing (Pleanjai et
al, 2004). Moisture content of the fibre is high and it has substantial amount of Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus,
Calcium and Iron, Akinyele et al, (2011). Though POME has been used as poultry and cattle feed (Vadireloo,
1987) because it contains large amount of nutrients such as proteins, liquids and amino acids. The need to look
for more ways of reducing pollution impact of POME and fiber on the environment cannot be over emphasized
Therefore this work is aim at using POME and fiber as means of increasing the productivity of the soil as an
alternative to the expensive inorganic fertilizer and at the end creating an environmentally friendly ways of
managing the wastes.
2.0 Materials and Methods
Collection of palm oil mill effluent and fibre.
The palm oil mill effluent was collected from Okitipupa oil palm mill, in Ondo State, Nigeria. The POME was
filtered through the soil to remove water; filtered POME was air –dried and sieved to remove stone. It was then
preserved in polythene bag prior to use.
The fibre was collected under moist condition from freshly processed oil palm fruit. It was packed in black
polythene bag to hasten the decay process.
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTAL PLOT
The plot of land used was manually cleared, ploughed harrowed and divided into four blocks with each separated
by 1m guard row. Each block measuring 3m x 3m and separate plot was used each crop as biomonitor. The soil
was amended with the soli filtered effluents, fibre and N P K fertilizer while the unamended plot serve as
control .Three application rate ( 0 10 and 20kgha_1) were carried out on each plot .Treatment were arranged on
randomized complete block design and were replicated three times. Top soil at 0-20cm depth were collected
52
2. Chemistry and Materials Research
ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online)
Vol.3 No.10, 2013
www.iiste.org
before and after amendment and analyzed for physico-chemical properties. Three maize seeds were planted per
hole and this later thin to one after two weeks of planting. Three maize plant were sampled per plot, tagged and
their agronomic parameters determined after 60 days of planting. At maturity (90 days) the grains were harvested,
dried and yield determined.
3.0 Analysis.
The physic-chemical properties of the soil before and after amendment were determined by standard methods as
described in methods of soils analysis (IITA, 1979). The pH was measured in soil-water suspension of 1:10;
Total organic carbon was determined by using the dichromate wet oxidation method in Conc. H2S04 followed by
measurement of excess dichromate using ferrous ammonium sulphate (Carter, 1993). Total nitrogen in the soil,
effluent and fibre were determined using the macro-kjeldahl method. While the phosphorus was determined
using the Vanado-molybdate colorimetric method after acid digestion, Na was by flame photometry method
while other metals viz : Fe, Mn, Zn , Ca and Mg were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
method at their respective metal resonance (Rowel, 1993; Ademoroti, 1996).
4.0 Results and Discussions
The result of the chemical composition of the fibre and palm oil mill effluent is as presented in Table in 1.
Table 1: chemicals composition of the fibre and palm oil mill Effluent
Parameters
Fibre
Pome
% Organic matters
83.30 + 1.40
5.23+1.00
% oil
5.60 + 0.01
7.36 + 1.17
% Ash
16.70 + 0.10
1401.93 + 7.17
% Moisture
36.05 + 0.02
nd*
Na (Mg/Kg)
722.50 + 2.5
859.40 + 6.45
K
841.75 + 0.70
650.08 + 8.84
Ca
15.25 + 0.15
186.85 + 3.08
Mg
62.50 + 0.39
572.71 + 2.36
Fe
56.30 + 1.30
489.10 + 8.77
Mn
33.10 + 0.20
32.32 + 3.61
Zn
28.75 + 1.00
19.28 + 2.20
P
33.40 + 0.20
39.95 + 2.32
%N
0.14 + 0.01
1045 + 0.16
*nd =not detected.
The fibre has high organic matter content and rich in essential micronutrient. The decomposition of the fibre will
lead to increase in soil mineralization. The values of K, Na, Mg and P are consistent with earlier report by
Batino et al, (1991) who analyzed various crops residue for possibility of using them to alleviate soil fertility.
The characteristics of the POME as presented in Table 1 shows that Na: 859.40mgL-, K, 650.08 + 8.84mgL-; Mg:
572.71 + 2.36mgL-, Ca: 186.85 + 3.08, Fe: 489.10 + 8.77, Mn: 32.32 + 3.61; Zn: 19.28 + 2.20; P: 39.95 + 2.32
and % N: 1045 + 0.16. The high value of K, Ca, and Mg in the POME may be attributed to particulate matter
that finds their way into it during processing while that of Fe may due to abrasion and wearing of processing unit.
Generally the POME is also rich in essential nutrient for enhancing soil fertility. The decomposition of the
organic matter in soil will increase soil mineralization, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity.
53
3. Chemistry and Materials Research
ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online)
Vol.3 No.10, 2013
www.iiste.org
Table II shows the chemical properties of the soil before and after amendment with filtered POME, fibre and
N.P.K fertilizer.
Table 2: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL BEFORE AND AFTER AMENDMENT WITH
POME,FIBRE, AND NPK FERTILIZER
Parameter
Control
POME
POME
Fibre
Fibre
NPK
NPK
10kg/h
20kg/h
10kg/h
20kg/h
10kg/h
20kg/h
pH
5.40±0.10
5.71±0.20
5.4 ±1.00
5.68 ±0.00 5.8 ±.01
5.78 ±1.20 5.4 ±1.10
Ca c mol/kg 1.6 ± 0.2
3.20 ±0.20
3.5 ±1.20
2.72 ±0.20 3.95 ±0.1
2.60±0.30
2.84 ±0.10
Mg
c 0.30± 0.01 1.80±0.01
2.76±0.20
1.73±0.30
2.64±0.30
1.6±0.03
2.36±0.03
mol/kg
K c mol/kg
0.20±0.20
0.24±0.01
0.40±0.03
0.31±0.10
0.42±0.04
0.29±0.15
0.43±0.20
Na
c 0.13±0.20
0.14±0.03
0.27±0.10
0.18±0.01
0.29±0.01
0.16±0.05
0.24±0.10
mol/kg
P mg/kg
33.53±1.40 35.56±1.44 38.66±0.30
40.05±1.50 42.10±1.20 39.90±1.60 44.06±1.30
Organic
1.03±0.10
1.46±0.20
2.20±0.10
1.80±1.20
2.30±0.10
2.24±0.30
3.20±0.25
C%
Organic
1.78±0.02
2.51±0.10
4.62±0.20
3.12±0.20
3.86±0.03
3.86±0.40
4.10±0.10
matter %
%N
0.06±0.00
0.14±0.01
0.23±0.10
0.16±0.01
0.26±0.10
10.34±0.06 0.46±0.30
The result shows that the soil is slightly acidic and there was slight increase in pH in the amended soil. It
increases from 5.40 to 5.71 in POME amended soil and 5.78 in N.P.K treated soil. There was increased in the
mineral composition of the soil as. Generally the 20Kgh-1 treated soil gave the highest nutrient performance.
There was increased in metal concentration when values obtained were compared to their respective critical
values of K, 0.20, Mg: 0.40; Ca: 2.00 in cmol/Kg (Kparwang, 2004).
Results of the agronomic parameters is as shown in Table 3
Table 3: Result of Agronomic Parameters
Treatment
RATE/ha Plant height (cm) Leaf length (cm)
Stem
girth Yield at maturity
(cm)
(t/ha)
CONTROL
0kg
50.50 ±0.20
70.00 ±1,30
5.00 ±0.20
2.04 ±0.40
POME
10kg
60.52 ±0.40
75.00 ±0.56
5.30 ±1.00
2.84 ±1.30
20kg
77.00 ±1.20
80.10 ±0.34
6.10 ±0.01
3.02 ±0.10
FIBRE
10kg
55.40 ±0.50
71.36 ±1.40
5.10 ±0.00
2.00 ±0.30
20kg
58.72 ±1.00
74.50 ±0.30
5.92 ±0.01
2.85 ±0.56
NPK
10kg
63.55 ±1.40
76.25 ±1.10
5.11 ±0.02
2.91 ±0.30
20kg
70.20 ±1.22
81.20 ±1.00
6.36 ±0.13
3.26 ±0.20
There was significant improvement in the maize plant height and leaf length. Percentage increase in plant height
was 72% while leaf length was 14.43%. The high increase recorded was attributed to the release of nutrient to
the soil by POME during decomposition. (Anike, 2000).
The performances of the POME and fibre compares favorably with the N.P.K amended soil.
Grains yield increase by 50.20% in the POME treated soil, 59.80% in N.P.K while it was 39.71% in fibre treated
soil. This implies that palm oil mill effluent and fibre can be used as supplement for inorganic fertilizer in soil.
The result obtained from the study compares favorably with earlier report by Mbah,(2006) who used animal and
organic waste for amending soil nutrient and Babalola et al, (2006) that used phosphate rock as alternative to
fertilizers.
5.0 Conclusion
The result of the study revealed that POME can be used to ameliorate the chemical properties of soil. While
taking the advantages of the nutrient inherent in the waste, the use of the waste in productive agricultural
practices will create an avenue for an environmentally friendly ways of managing the huge waste arising from oil
palm processing.
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54
4. Chemistry and Materials Research
ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online)
Vol.3 No.10, 2013
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55
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