Biochar is sterile, odorless, high carbon solid that can be produced from a variety of organic feedstock. Soil application of biochar can reduce the overall total BD of the soil which is desirable for most plant growth and increased WHC. Nutrient availability can be affected by increasing CEC, altering soil pH, or direct nutrient contributions from biochar. The soil fertility of course texture is poor, so biochar application improved soil fertility of sandy loam soils, especially soil having low O.C., CEC, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and increased nutrient uptake resulted in increased in crop yield. • Application of corn stover biochar @ 10 t ha-1 along with RDF increased DM and CP yield, chlorophyll content and plant height (at 30 and 60 DAS) as compared to CB and PJ biochars and FYM. • Nutrient uptake like P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Cu were significantly increased with the application of RDF+MS10 while in case of uptake of N and Mn were significantly increased in RDF+MS5. • RDF+MS10 was found most effective in obtaining significantly higher DMY and CPY and larger removal of nutrients from the soil and found beneficial for built up nutrients in soil. It also showed significantly higher CEC and OC content in sandy loam soil. • Application of RDF+MS5 significantly increased DMY and CPY content of forage corn crop which ultimately resulted in larger removals of nutrients from the soil.

5. Sustainable biochar is produced from waste biomass
using modern thermo-chemcial technologies. Addition
of sustainable biochar to soil has many environmental
and agricultural benefits, including waste reduction,
energy production, carbon sequestration, water
resource protection, and soil improvement. Therefore,
the use of sustainable biochar as a soil amendment is
an innovative and highly promising practice for
sustainable agriculture.The properties of various
biochars were characterized. A field experiment was
conducted to find out the efficacy of different biochar
and effect on soil fertility. This study conducted with
two biochars produced from agricultural wastes
materials and one from Prosopis juliflora wood biochar.
as a soil amendment in poor sandy loam soils of Kheda
district of Gujarat state.

11. Liberation of gases (CH4,CO2,CO) Final product- Corn Biochar

12. ?

13. 1.

16. Combination of A and B
(A) Fertility levels-2
1. Control (AC)
2. Recommended Dose of
fertilizer (RDF)
N:P2O5:K2O:80:40:0
kg/ha
(B) Level of Biochars-8
1. 5 tonnes biochar of cluster bean
stover (CB5)
2. 5 tonnes biochar of corn stover
(MS5)
3. 5 tonnes biochar of ra wood (PJ5)
4. 10 tonnes biochar of cluster bean
stover (CB10)
5. 10 tonnes biochar of corn stover
(MS10)
6. 10 tonnes biochar of cluster bean
stover (CB10)
7. 5 tonnes Farmyard Manure
(FYM5)
8. 10 tonnes Farmyard Manure
(FYM10)
Treatments:16

19. Fig. 1 Effect of biochar on plant height of corn crop at 30 DAS
Sr. No.
Unferilized
Treatment
Plant height
(cm)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
Plant height
(cm)
1 AC+MS 5 28.22 9 RDF+MS5 56.11
2 AC+MS 10 32.89 10 RDF+MS10 67.43
3 AC+CB 5 31.04 11 RDF+CB 5 62.67
4 AC+CB10 32.56 12 RDF+CB10 65.78
5 AC+PJ 5 28.78 13 RDF+PJ 5 47.78
6 AC+PJ10 29.67 14 RDF+PJ10 60.44
7 AC+FYM 5 29.44 15 RDF+FYM 5 52.67
8 AC+FYM10 29.89 16 RDF+FYM10 63.67
CD (0.05) 8.79

20. Sr. No.
Unferilized
Treatment
Plant height
(cm)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
Plant height
(cm)
1 AC+MS 5 41.22 9 RDF+MS5 129.78
2 AC+MS 10 47.44 10 RDF+MS10 150.78
3 AC+CB 5 45.22 11 RDF+CB 5 126.00
4 AC+CB10 45.67 12 RDF+CB10 145.78
5 AC+PJ 5 37.44 13 RDF+PJ 5 109.89
6 AC+PJ10 44.89 14 RDF+PJ10 129.89
7 AC+FYM 5 41.44 15 RDF+FYM 5 126.11
8 AC+FYM10 49.89 16 RDF+FYM10 134.11
CD (0.05) 12.00

21. 150.78
47.44
145.78
45.67
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
RDF+MS10 AC+MS10 RDF+CB10 AC+CB10
Plant height (cm)

22. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
21.23
28.89
23.79 24.83
19.72 18.46 20.42
30.39
92.89 94.4
84.07 84.88
57.75
62.4
68.44
88.94
Drymatteryield(qha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

24. • Soil application of RDF+MS10 biochar recorded the highest DMY
(94.40 q ha-1) and it produced significantly higher yield than other
treatments. However, it was at par with RDF+MS5 (92.89 q ha-1) and
RDF+FYM10 (88.94 q ha-1).
•The second effectiveness of biochar was cluster been stover (CB)
and RDF+CB10 produced significantly higher DMY (84.88 q ha-1) than
others but it was followed with RDF+CB5 (84.07 q ha-1).
• The third in order was Prosopis juliflora wood biochar along with
fertilized treatments. The fourth in order was fertilized treatment along
with FYM (RDF+FYM5) which gave higher DMY (68.44 q ha-1) but it was
at par with RDF+PJ10 (62.40 q ha-1).
•The application of MS, CB and PJ biochar either applied @ 5 or 10 MT
ha-1 in absence of fertilized failed to produce higher DMY and these
treatments recorded significantly lower DMY than combined
application of fertilized with all the type of biochars.
•Application of either biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly
increased 3 times higher plant height of corn plant at 60 DAS than
application of similar biochar or FYM without RDF which resulted in
decreased in DMY of corn.

25. Unferilized
Treatment
Crude protein
yield (q/ha)
Fertilized
treatment
Crude protein
yield (q/ha)
AC+MS 5 2.14 RDF+MS5 7.80
AC+MS 10 2.85 RDF+MS10 7.55
AC+CB 5 2.15 RDF+CB 5 7.31
AC+CB10 1.95 RDF+CB10 7.25
AC+PJ 5 1.58 RDF+PJ 5 5.38
AC+PJ10 1.92 RDF+PJ10 5.68
AC+FYM 5 1.81 RDF+FYM 5 5.86
AC+FYM10 3.04 RDF+FYM10 7.78
S.E.m.± 0.19
CD (0.05) 0.55

26. 1. A

27. RDF+MS10 RDF+CB10

28. RDF+MS10 RDF+ MS5

29. RDF+CB10 AC+ CB10

30. RDF+ MS5 MT/Ha AC+10 MT/Ha

31. Cluster bean stover biochar
Corn stover biochar

32. Clusrer Bean
stover Biochar
Farmyard manure

33. Prosopis juliflora wood
Biochar @ 5 MT/Ha + RDF
cluster bean stover
biochar @ 10 MT/Ha

36. Fig 15 Application of Corn stover Biochar @ 10 MT/Ha
along with RDF (RDF+MS10 MT/Ha) showed taller plant
height and gave 4 times higher DMY (94.4 q/Ha) than
alone soil application of Cluster bean stover Biochar
@ 5 MT/Ha (23.79 q/ha).
Corn stover
biochar
@ 10 MT/Ha +RDF
Cluster bean
stover
biochar @ 5 MT/Ha

37. RDF+CB10 MT/Ha
RDF+PJ 10 MT/Ha

38. RDF+CB5 MT/Ha AC+PJ 5 MT/Ha

39. Fig 18 Application of Prosopis juliflora wood biochar @ 10
MT/Ha along with RDF (RDF+PJ 10 MT/Ha) showed taller
plant height and produced 2.62 times higher DMY (62.4
q/Ha) than alone soil application of Cluster bean stover
biochar @ 5 MT/Ha (23.79 q/ha).
RDF+CB5 MT/HaAC+PJ 5 MT/Ha
Prosopis juliflora wood
biochar @ 10 MT/Ha +RDF
Cluster bean stover
biochar @ 5 MT/Ha

40. Fig. 19 Effect of biochar on N uptake (kg/ha) in presence
and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer on corn
crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly increased N
uptake by 3 to 4 times as compared to similar type of three biochars or FYM without
RDF.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
34.27
45.52
34.42 31.2
25.34
30.65 29.00
48.68
124.8
120.79116.96116.06
86.15
90.82 93.79
124.44
Nuptake(kgha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

41. Fig. 20 Effect of biochar on P uptake (kg/ha) in presence
and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer on corn
crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly increased P
uptake by 4 to 4.5 times as compared to similar type of three biochars or FYM without
RDF.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
3.44
4.55 4.16 4.04
3.01 3.49
2.39
3.76
17.96
19.07
17.6816.99
11.62
13.01
10.58
14.65
Puptake(kgha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

42. Fig. 21 Effect of biochar on K uptake (kg/ha) in presence
and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer on corn
crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly
increased K uptake by 2.5 to 4 times as compared to similar type of three
biochars or FYM without RDF.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
33
46
34 36
25 25 24
36
131 133
97
122
64
76
82
132
Kuptake(kgha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

43. Fig. 22 Effect of biochar on Ca and Mg uptake (kg/ha) in
presence and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer on
corn crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly increased Ca
and Mg uptake as compared to similar type of three biochars or FYM without RDF.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
AC+MS5
AC+MS10
AC+CB5
AC+CB10
AC+PJ5
AC+PJ10
AC+FYM5
AC+FYM10
RDF+MS5
RDF+MS10
RDF+CB5
RDF+CB10
RDF+PJ5
RDF+PJ10
RDF+FYM5
RDF+FYM10
9.25
11.97
10.6 9.66
6.7
9.03 9.47
13.88
43.63
46.02
40.1640.32
29.630.35
33.79
37.21
Ca uptake
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
AC+MS5
AC+MS10
AC+CB5
AC+CB10
AC+PJ5
AC+PJ10
AC+FYM5
AC+FYM10
RDF+MS5
RDF+MS10
RDF+CB5
RDF+CB10
RDF+PJ5
RDF+PJ10
RDF+FYM5
RDF+FYM10
6.667.01
5.845.47
4.49
5.626.12
9.82
35.52
37.34
35.9835.22
22.72
24.81
22.1
29.62
Mg uptake
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized

44. Fig. 23 Effect of biochar on S uptake (kg/ha) in presence
and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer on corn
crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly
increased S uptake by 3 to 4.5 times as compared to similar type of three biochars
or FYM without RDF.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
6.22
8.69 8.09 7.62
4.35
5.86 6.81 7.75
28.23
30.21
28 28.56
18.5617.97
15.83
21.55
Suptake(kgha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

45. Fig. 24 Effect of biochar on zinc uptake (g/ha) in
presence and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer
on corn crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly
increased Zn uptake by 3 to 3.5 times as compared to similar type of three
biochars or FYM without RDF.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
96
122
103 100
81 76
94
134
380
361 352 345
268
243
274
385
Znuptake(kgha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

46. Fig. 25 Effect of biochar on Fe uptake (g/ha) in presence
and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer on corn
crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly
increased Fe uptake by 3 to 4 times as compared to similar type of three biochars
or FYM without RDF.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
738
933
811 817 748 670 765
1041
2906 2834
2701 2717
2213 2141
2307
3030
Feuptake(kgha-1)
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment

47. Fig. 26 Effect of biochar on Mn and Cu uptake (g/ha) in
presence and absent of recommended dose of fertilizer
on corn crop
Application of three type of biochars or FYM along with RDF significantly
increased Mn and Cu uptake by 3 to 4 times as compared to similar type of three
biochars or FYM without RDF.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
85.69
130.3
114.5120.86
71.52
83.9483.01
122.68
364.36
348.57
327.56328.29
238.61244.88241.43
294.42
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
AC+MS5
AC+MS10
AC+CB5
AC+CB10
AC+PJ5
AC+PJ10
AC+FYM5
AC+FYM10
RDF+MS5
RDF+MS10
RDF+CB5
RDF+CB10
RDF+PJ5
RDF+PJ10
RDF+FYM5
RDF+FYM10
12.69
13.46
9.069.59
7.997.77
10.56
16.02
45.39
54.7
42.52
44.95
24.87
30.28
36.63
42.09
Treatments
Fertilized treatmentUnfertilized treatment
Mn uptake Cu uptake

48. Sr. No.
Unferilized
Treatment
Bulk density
(g cm-3)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
Bulk density
(g cm-3)
1 AC+MS5 1.123 9 RDF+MS5 1.104
2 AC+MS10 1.083 10 RDF+MS10 1.050
3 AC+CB5 1.209 11 RDF+CB5 1.203
4 AC+CB10 1.194 12 RDF+CB10 1.182
5 AC+PJ5 1.214 13 RDF+PJ5 1.221
6 AC+PJ10 1.202 14 RDF+PJ10 1.192
7 AC+FYM5 1.264 15 RDF+FYM5 1.272
8 AC+FYM10 1.251 16 RDF+FYM10 1.244
CD (0.05) 0.056
Fig 27 Effect of biochar on bulk density (g m-3) in
sandy loam soils

49. Sr.
No.
Unferilized
Treatment
CEC
(Cmol (p+) kg-1)
Sr.
No.
Fertilized
treatment
CEC
(Cmol (p+) kg-1)
1 AC+MS5 13.08 9 RDF+MS5 14.60
2 AC+MS10 13.94 10 RDF+MS10 15.64
3 AC+CB5 12.07 11 RDF+CB5 13.61
4 AC+CB10 13.17 12 RDF+CB10 14.60
5 AC+PJ5 10.73 13 RDF+PJ5 12.27
6 AC+PJ10 11.07 14 RDF+PJ10 12.83
7 AC+FYM5 11.02 15 RDF+FYM5 12.07
8 AC+FYM10 11.93 16 RDF+FYM10 13.17
CD (0.05) 2.33

50. Sr. No.
Unferilized
Treatment
O.C.
(%)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
O.C.
(%)
1 AC+MS5 0.34 9 RDF+MS5 0.38
2 AC+MS10 0.37 10 RDF+MS10 0.49
3 AC+CB5 0.33 11 RDF+CB5 0.37
4 AC+CB10 0.36 12 RDF+CB10 0.42
5 AC+PJ5 0.29 13 RDF+PJ5 0.36
6 AC+PJ10 0.32 14 RDF+PJ10 0.37
7 AC+FYM5 0.33 15 RDF+FYM5 0.36
8 AC+FYM10 0.36 16 RDF+FYM10 0.40
CD (0.05) 0.06

51. Sr. No.
Unferilized
Treatment
Available N
(kg ha-1)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
Available N
(kg ha-1)
1 AC+MS5 225.00 9 RDF+MS5 273.33
2 AC+MS10 237.33 10 RDF+MS10 280.33
3 AC+CB5 244.00 11 RDF+CB5 259.33
4 AC+CB10 255.00 12 RDF+CB10 265.00
5 AC+PJ5 211.33 13 RDF+PJ5 230.33
6 AC+PJ10 220.67 14 RDF+PJ10 237.00
7 AC+FYM5 209.67 15 RDF+FYM5 244.33
8 AC+FYM10 222.33 16 RDF+FYM10 250.67
CD (0.05) 40.67

52. Sr.
No.
Unferilized
Treatment
DTPA Zn
(mg kg-1)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
DTPA Zn
(mg kg-1)
1 AC+MS 5 1.38 9 RDF+MS5 1.62
2 AC+MS 10 1.22 10 RDF+MS10 1.48
3 AC+CB 5 1.29 11 RDF+CB 5 1.38
4 AC+CB10 1.25 12 RDF+CB10 1.31
5 AC+PJ 5 1.24 13 RDF+PJ 5 1.29
6 AC+PJ10 1.19 14 RDF+PJ10 1.27
7 AC+FYM 5 1.22 15 RDF+FYM 5 1.28
8 AC+FYM10 1.25 16 RDF+FYM10 1.34
CD (0.05) 0.19

53. Sr.
No.
Unferilized
Treatment
DTPA Fe
(mg kg-1)
Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
DTPA Fe
(mg kg-1)
1 AC+MS 5 7.56 9 RDF+MS5 11.06
2 AC+MS 10 7.04 10 RDF+MS10 9.99
3 AC+CB 5 7.40 11 RDF+CB 5 9.20
4 AC+CB10 7.31 12 RDF+CB10 8.95
5 AC+PJ 5 7.32 13 RDF+PJ 5 8.30
6 AC+PJ10 6.70 14 RDF+PJ10 8.26
7 AC+FYM 5 6.98 15 RDF+FYM 5 7.90
8 AC+FYM10 7.77 16 RDF+FYM10 8.17
CD (0.05) 1.46
Application of RDF+MS5 recorded significantly higher DTPA extractable Fe in soil
(11.06 mg kg-1) after harvest of corn crop than other treatments followed by
RDF+MS10 (9.99 mg kg-1). In the descending order of the effectiveness of the
treatments, were RDF+CB5 and RDF+CB10. Fertilized biochar treatments RDF+MS5,
RDF+MS10 and RDF+CB5 were highly effectiveness in increasing DTPA extractable
Fe in soil by 46.29 %, 41.90 % and 24.32 % as compared to AC+MS5, AC+MS10
and AC+CB5, respectively.

54. Sr.
No.
Unferilized
Treatment
Microbial
population
(X 105 cfu g-1)
Sr.
No.
Fertilized
treatment
Microbial
population
(X 105 cfu g-1)
1 AC+MS 5 4.57 9 RDF+MS5 5.64
2 AC+MS 10 5.83 10 RDF+MS10 6.17
3 AC+CB 5 4.58 11 RDF+CB 5 5.84
4 AC+CB10 5.07 12 RDF+CB10 6.27
5 AC+PJ 5 2.89 13 RDF+PJ 5 3.33
6 AC+PJ10 4.20 14 RDF+PJ10 5.54
7 AC+FYM 5 4.15 15 RDF+FYM 5 5.50
8 AC+FYM10 5.40 16 RDF+FYM10 6.53
CD (0.05) 1.07

55. Sr. No.
Unferilized
Treatment
W.H.C. (%) Sr. No.
Fertilized
treatment
W.H.C. (%)
1 AC+MS 5 24.04 9 RDF+MS5 25.30
2 AC+MS 10 27.01 10 RDF+MS10 28.27
3 AC+CB 5 23.10 11 RDF+CB5 24.70
4 AC+CB10 24.07 12 RDF+CB10 25.07
5 AC+PJ 5 24.03 13 RDF+PJ5 25.03
6 AC+PJ10 25.01 14 RDF+PJ10 25.40
7 AC+FYM 5 21.00 15 RDF+FYM5 22.67
8 AC+FYM10 22.07 16 RDF+FYM10 23.79
CD (0.05) 3.54

56. .

59. Contact:
Pravin Patel
Pcpatel_2011@yahoo.
in
Thank you
Students and technicians: Naresh Yadav,
Rajkishore and Manish Dabhi,

72. Pravin Patel
Pcpatel_2011@yahoo.
in
Thank you
Students and technicians: Naresh Yadav, Shri
L.N.Bariya, Manish Dabhi and Rajkishore