anatomy of respiratory system

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2. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Respiratory System
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3. Organs of the Respiratory system
Slide 13.1
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs –
alveoli
Figure 13.1
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4. Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity
Slide
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 Olfactory receptors are located in the
mucosa on the superior surface
 The rest of the cavity is lined with
respiratory mucosa
Moistens air
Traps incoming foreign particles
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5. Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity
Slide
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 Lateral walls have projections called
conchae
Increases surface area
Increases air turbulence within the nasal
cavity
 The nasal cavity is separated from the
oral cavity by the palate
Anterior hard palate (bone)
Posterior soft palate (muscle)
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6. Pharynx (Throat)
Slide 13.6
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Muscular passage from nasal cavity to
larynx
 Three regions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx – superior region behind
nasal cavity
Oropharynx – middle region behind mouth
Laryngopharynx – inferior region attached
to larynx
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7. Larynx (Voice Box)
Slide 13.8
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 Routes air and food into proper
channels
 Plays a role in speech
 Made of rigid hyaline cartilages and a
spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage
(epiglottis)
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8. Structures of the Larynx
Slide
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 Thyroid cartilage
Largest hyaline cartilage
Protrudes anteriorly (Adam’s apple)
 Epiglottis
Superior opening of the larynx
Routes food to the larynx and air toward
the trachea
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9. Trachea (Windpipe)
Slide
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 Connects larynx with bronchi
 Lined with ciliated mucosa
Beat continuously in the opposite direction of
incoming air
Expel mucus loaded with dust and other
debris away from lungs
 Walls are reinforced with C-shaped
hyaline cartilage
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10. Primary Bronchi
Slide
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 Formed by division of the trachea
 Enters the lung at the hilus
(medial depression)
 Right bronchus is wider, shorter,
and straighter than left
 Bronchi subdivide into smaller
and smaller branches
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11. Lungs
Slide
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 Occupy most of the thoracic cavity
Apex is near the clavicle (superior portion)
Base rests on the diaphragm (inferior
portion)
Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
Left lung – two lobes
Right lung – three lobes
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12. Lungs
Slide
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Figure 13.4b
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13. Coverings of the Lungs
Slide
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 Pulmonary (visceral) pleura covers the
lung surface
 Parietal pleura lines the walls of the
thoracic cavity
 Pleural fluid fills the area between
layers of pleura to allow gliding
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14. Respiratory Tree Divisions
Slide
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 Primary bronchi
 Secondary bronchi
 Tertiary bronchi
 Bronchioli
 Terminal bronchioli
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15. Respiratory Zone
Slide
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 Structures
Respiratory bronchioli
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
 Site of gas exchange
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16. Gas Exchange
Slide
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 Gas crosses the respiratory membrane
by diffusion
Oxygen enters the blood
Carbon dioxide enters the alveoli
 Surfactant coats gas-exposed alveolar
surfaces
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17. Events of Respiration
Slide
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 Pulmonary ventilation – moving air in and
out of the lungs
 External respiration – gas exchange
between pulmonary blood and alveoli
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18. Events of Respiration
Slide
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 Respiratory gas transport – transport of
oxygen and carbon dioxide via the
bloodstream
 Internal respiration – gas exchange
between blood and tissue cells in
systemic capillaries
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19. Nonrespiratory Air Movements
Slide
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 Can be caused by reflexes or voluntary
actions
 Examples
Cough and sneeze – clears lungs of debris
Laughing
Crying
Yawn
Hiccup
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20. Respiratory Rate Changes
Throughout Life
 Newborns – 40 to 80 respirations per
minute
 Infants – 30 respirations per minute
 Age 5 – 25 respirations per minute
 Adults – 12 to 18 respirations per
minute
 Rate often increases somewhat with old
age
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