Air sacs are thin walled non-muscular,non-vascular,non-elastic and bladder like membrane connected to the lungs
Air sacs are only the inflated extensions of the mucous membrane of some blindly ending bronchioles
Some of them extended to bones
In pigeon there are nine major air sacs
One of them is unpaired and others are paired
Unpaired air sac is interclavicular
Paired sac include cervical,anterior thoracic,posterior thoracic and abdominal air sacs
Abdominal and posterior thoracic sacs get filled with fresh air during inspiration.so they are called inspiratory air sacs
Others get filled with fresh air during expiration
Specialities in Birds respiratory system: Air sacs, specialized parabronchi , Unidirectional flow
Benifits of air sacs, Benefit of 2 respiratory cycles
Bird-like respiratory systems in dinosaurs
Rate of breathings in birds
Accssory respiratiory organs in fishesaadiihussain
Gills are primary respiratory organs in fishes, Extra branchial respiration is highly useful for survival when oxygen supplied by gills is not sufficient.
Air sacs are thin walled non-muscular,non-vascular,non-elastic and bladder like membrane connected to the lungs
Air sacs are only the inflated extensions of the mucous membrane of some blindly ending bronchioles
Some of them extended to bones
In pigeon there are nine major air sacs
One of them is unpaired and others are paired
Unpaired air sac is interclavicular
Paired sac include cervical,anterior thoracic,posterior thoracic and abdominal air sacs
Abdominal and posterior thoracic sacs get filled with fresh air during inspiration.so they are called inspiratory air sacs
Others get filled with fresh air during expiration
Specialities in Birds respiratory system: Air sacs, specialized parabronchi , Unidirectional flow
Benifits of air sacs, Benefit of 2 respiratory cycles
Bird-like respiratory systems in dinosaurs
Rate of breathings in birds
Accssory respiratiory organs in fishesaadiihussain
Gills are primary respiratory organs in fishes, Extra branchial respiration is highly useful for survival when oxygen supplied by gills is not sufficient.
Presentation on Organ & Mechanism of Respiration in Pisces And Amphibiansvskgondia
This is Powerpoint presentation helpful for students and teachers. It includes Defination of Respiration & Function of respiratory system. Also contains mechanism of respiration and various repiratory organs of pisces and amphibians, their structures and fuctions.
RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS-3 BREATHING IN OTHER ORGANISMS CLASS-VII CBSE CHAPTER-7BIOLOGY TEACHER
Respiration in cockroach
Cockroach is a terrestrial organism found in damp areas.
A cockroach has small openings on the side of its body.
These openings are called spiracles. Insects have a network of air tubes called tracheae for gas exchange.
Modification in respiratory organs and respiration in endoparasitic insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Respiration (physiology), transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the external environment.
An insect's respiratory system is the biological system with which it introduces respiratory gases to its interior and performs gas exchange.
The primary goals of the insect respiratory system are to deliver oxygen from the air to the tissues and to transport carbon dioxide from the tissues to air.
In contrast to many other animals, most oxygen and carbon dioxide transport occurs in the gas phase, with gases transported through the tracheal system by diffusion.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Respiratory system
1. Respiratory System in Reptiles
All reptiles breathe through their lungs. The reptile lung
has a much greater surface area for the exchange of
gases than the lungs of amphibians. Many reptiles’ lungs
have little sacs called alveoli, across which gas is
exchanged. This makes their lungs much more efficient
than those of amphibians. Lung ventilation is done
differently in each main reptile group.
In squamates (scaled reptiles such as lizards and snakes),
the lungs are ventilated almost exclusively by
the muscles of the chest wall. These same muscles are
used during movement, so most squamates have to hold
their breath while exerting themselves (running fast).
2. Reptiles depend entirely on their lungs for respiration.
Lizards do not have a diaphragm; instead, their
chest muscles move the chest wall, which inflates and
deflates the lungs.
A few lizard species use their throat muscles to “gulp” air
in a process called buccal pumping (a process also used
by amphibians). Animals that use the “buccal pump”
method take in air through the nose and move the floor
of their mouth or throat up and down in a way that
makes the animal look as if it were gulping air. When its
mouth is full of air, the lizard will push the air down into
the lungs. The nostrils are then closed, the glottis
opened, and the floor of mouth is raised, forcing the air
into the lungs for gas exchange. To deflate the lungs, the
process is reversed. Mammals, in contrast, use their
thoracic diaphragm to inflate and deflate the lungs more
directly.
.
3. Crocodilians actually have a muscular diaphragm that is
similar to the mammalian diaphragm. The difference in
crocodilians is that the muscles for their diaphragm pull
part of the pelvis back, which brings the liver down and
frees space for the lungs to expand.
Unlike other vertebrates, most reptiles lack a secondary
palate, which is a division between the nasal cavity and
the oral cavity. Therefore, reptiles must hold their breath
while swallowing. Crocodilians have evolved a bony
secondary palate that allows them to
continue breathing while remaining submerged.
THE END.
