The document discusses the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. Respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. Both processes are essential for plant growth and development, with photosynthesis producing energy sources and respiration utilizing those energy sources.

1. 6CO 2 + 12H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 12H 2 O + Energy Photosynthesis Respiration light ATP

2. Energy Relationship of Photosynthesis and Respiration Carbohydrate Respiration Photosynthesis CO + H O 2 2 2 O 1_2 LOW HIGH Energy 2H + 2H + 2 O 1_2

3. Occurs in dark and light Occurs in sunlight Carbon dioxide produced Carbon dioxide used Water produced Water used Oxygen utilized Oxygen released Occurs in all living cells Occurs in cells with chloroplasts ATP produced through oxidative phosphorylation ATP produced through photophosphorylation Converts food into plant energy Produces food Respiration Photosynthesis

4. Glycolysis Tricarboxylic Acid Pathway Electron Transport Pathway

5. Glycolysis Translates loosely to sugar splitting Start with a molecule of glucose Products = pyruvate, water, and ATP

6. Tricarboxylic Acid cycle Start with pyruvic acid Net outcome is the release of carbon dioxide and electrons Electrons and protons important for the next steps bound in NADH and FADH 2

7. Electron Transport System Electrons from the TCA cycle move through a series of oxidation and reduction reactions Electron transport is coupled to pumping protons across the membrane. Oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons from NADH and FADH 2 From one molecule of glucose ultimately you get oxygen reduced to water and the formation of 36 molecules of ATP

8. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/

9. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/

10. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ Mitochondrion

11. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Matrix

12. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ Folds in the Inner Membrane Intermembrane Space

13. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ Matrix Matrix side of Inner Membrane

14. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ Inner Membrane Matrix

15. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ Intermembrane Space 2e - + 2H + + ½ O 2  H 2 O NADH NAD+ FADH2 FAD H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

16. http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/ H+ H+

17. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/electrontransport/bigpicture.gif Intermembrane Space Matrix H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

18. Respiration Occurs in all living cells Takes place in the mitochondria Chemical opposite of the photosynthetic process Releases ATP

19. Factors Affecting Respiration Temperature Oxygen availability Soil conditions Light Growth rate and metabolic activity of the tissues

20. What’s the big deal with respiration? Used to make chemical energy more accessible for plant growth and development. Growth, repair, reproduction Fight off pathogen attack

21. Fermentation Glucose  pyruvic acid  acetaldehyde + CO2  ethanol

22. Big picture? Why do extension personnel recommend that growers keep night time temperatures in the greenhouse 9 ºF lower than daytime temperatures? If 9 ºF lower is better than I am going to grow my plants at 15 ºF below the daytime temps. I will get better growth. Right? How can you use the principles covered in class today to make an apple last longer?