The document discusses various aspects of life support and the respiratory system. It addresses how long humans can survive without eating, drinking, breathing, or their heart beating. It then explores methods of life support like feeding tubes, oxygen masks, and ventilators. The document considers whether withdrawing life support constitutes murder and debates who should decide on life support measures. It provides an overview of the respiratory system and its functions before examining specific organs and gas exchange processes.
Respiration is defined as the transport of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
The physiological definition of respiration should not be confused with the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy). Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
this slides are for beginners to understand the Human body easier way, for Medical Reps, Sales Reps can use this for training purpose.
Authentic diagrams / pictures
These slides will help to build an understanding of the respiratory system for the ordinary levels and the A levels students.
The can also be useful for science enthusiasts at any level.
so feel free to view and download these slides. enjoy.
Respiratory System by Dr Shivam Mishra Sir | Respiratory System for Yoga Stud...Dr Shivam Mishra
The respiratory system is a complex network of organs, tissues, and structures responsible for the process of respiration, which involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Its primary function is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism.
Key organs and structures of the respiratory system include:
1. Nose and nasal cavity: The air enters the respiratory system through the nose. The nasal cavity helps filter, warm, and moisten the incoming air.
2. Pharynx: The pharynx, or throat, is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx. It serves as a passage for both air and food.
3. Larynx: Commonly known as the voice box, the larynx houses the vocal cords and plays a crucial role in speech production.
4. Trachea: Also called the windpipe, the trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi. It is reinforced by C-shaped cartilage rings to keep it open.
5. Bronchi: The trachea branches into two bronchi, which then further divide into smaller bronchioles. The bronchi and bronchioles carry air deep into the lungs.
6. Lungs: The lungs are a pair of spongy, elastic organs situated in the chest cavity. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three.
7. Alveoli: The bronchioles terminate in tiny air sacs called alveoli. These are the primary sites of gas exchange, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released.
8. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to create changes in lung volume.
The process of respiration involves two main processes:
1. Inhalation (inspiration): The diaphragm contracts, and the rib muscles expand the chest cavity. This creates a pressure difference, causing air to enter the lungs.
2. Exhalation (expiration): The diaphragm relaxes, and the rib muscles return to their resting position, decreasing the chest cavity volume. This increases the pressure in the lungs, causing air to be expelled.
Throughout respiration, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction to be expelled from the body.
The respiratory system works in coordination with other body systems, such as the circulatory system, to ensure the delivery of oxygen to cells and the removal of waste gases like carbon dioxide.
GRADE 7 CBSE CHAPTER 10 RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMSMhdAfz
For more such informative content, go to https://scifitechify.blogspot.com/. This video will tell you about the respiration in different kinds of organisms and the process and mechanism behind it. HOPE YOU ENJOY IT. NEXT POST ON: WHY DO WE WEIGH LESS ON THE MOON ? DON'T FORGET TO CHECK OUT : THE CORONAVIRUS SERIES
Respiration is defined as the transport of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
The physiological definition of respiration should not be confused with the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy). Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport of metabolites between the organism and the external environment.
this slides are for beginners to understand the Human body easier way, for Medical Reps, Sales Reps can use this for training purpose.
Authentic diagrams / pictures
These slides will help to build an understanding of the respiratory system for the ordinary levels and the A levels students.
The can also be useful for science enthusiasts at any level.
so feel free to view and download these slides. enjoy.
Respiratory System by Dr Shivam Mishra Sir | Respiratory System for Yoga Stud...Dr Shivam Mishra
The respiratory system is a complex network of organs, tissues, and structures responsible for the process of respiration, which involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Its primary function is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism.
Key organs and structures of the respiratory system include:
1. Nose and nasal cavity: The air enters the respiratory system through the nose. The nasal cavity helps filter, warm, and moisten the incoming air.
2. Pharynx: The pharynx, or throat, is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx. It serves as a passage for both air and food.
3. Larynx: Commonly known as the voice box, the larynx houses the vocal cords and plays a crucial role in speech production.
4. Trachea: Also called the windpipe, the trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi. It is reinforced by C-shaped cartilage rings to keep it open.
5. Bronchi: The trachea branches into two bronchi, which then further divide into smaller bronchioles. The bronchi and bronchioles carry air deep into the lungs.
6. Lungs: The lungs are a pair of spongy, elastic organs situated in the chest cavity. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three.
7. Alveoli: The bronchioles terminate in tiny air sacs called alveoli. These are the primary sites of gas exchange, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released.
8. Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to create changes in lung volume.
The process of respiration involves two main processes:
1. Inhalation (inspiration): The diaphragm contracts, and the rib muscles expand the chest cavity. This creates a pressure difference, causing air to enter the lungs.
2. Exhalation (expiration): The diaphragm relaxes, and the rib muscles return to their resting position, decreasing the chest cavity volume. This increases the pressure in the lungs, causing air to be expelled.
Throughout respiration, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction to be expelled from the body.
The respiratory system works in coordination with other body systems, such as the circulatory system, to ensure the delivery of oxygen to cells and the removal of waste gases like carbon dioxide.
GRADE 7 CBSE CHAPTER 10 RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMSMhdAfz
For more such informative content, go to https://scifitechify.blogspot.com/. This video will tell you about the respiration in different kinds of organisms and the process and mechanism behind it. HOPE YOU ENJOY IT. NEXT POST ON: WHY DO WE WEIGH LESS ON THE MOON ? DON'T FORGET TO CHECK OUT : THE CORONAVIRUS SERIES
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
8. How can we support life?
• Drips
• Feeding tubes
• Oxygen masks
• Ventilators
9. Is switching off life support murder?
Is it humane to continue life if a person is suffering
and in pain?
Is it humane to continue someone’s life who has no
chance for a reasonable life?
Is it humane to continue life if a person has no way
to consent to treatment?
Who decides?
16. Control Mechanism
• CO2 is a waste product
of the cells
• CO2 makes carbonic
acid in the blood
(changes pH)
• The medulla oblongata
keeps track of pH,
controls breathing
24. Alveoli (pl)
• Site of gas exchange
• We have ~ 300 million
• Surface area equivalent
to a tennis court!
• Capillaries surround
each alveolus.
25. How does it work?
• Lungs are not muscles
• Diaphragm is a muscle
– Diaphragm contracts
– Ribcage expands
– Lungs expand
– Air rushes in to fill up
empty space
26. How does it work?
• Exhaling is generally a
passive process
– Diaphragm relaxes
– Lungs compress
– Forces out air
• You can also use the
muscles around your
ribcage to constrict your
chest more, expelling
more air
