Resilient by nature update 27012017
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Resilient by nature update 27012017
- 2. Climate Change Impact Extreme Weather Impact in the Media Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 3. NatCatSERVICE © 2016 Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft, Geo Risks Research, NatCatSERVICE – As at February 2016 Natural loss events worldwide 2015 Geographical overview 1,060 Loss events Source: Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE, 2016 Drought USA, Jan–Dec Earthquake Nepal, 25 Apr Winter Storm Niklas Europe, 30 Mar–1 Apr Severe storms USA, 7–10 Apr Typhoon Mujigae China, 1–5 Oct Severe storms USA, 24 Dec–2 Jan 2016 Earthquake Pakistan, Afghanistan, 26 Oct Heat wave India, Pakistan, May–Jun Tornado China, 1 Jun Winter storm Australia, 19–24 Apr Flash floods Chile, 23–26 Mar Flash floods Ghana, 2–5 Jun Floods Malawi, Mozambique, Jan–Mar Landslide Guatemala, 1 Oct Flash floods USA, 2–6 Oct Winter storm USA, 16–25 Feb Wildfires USA, 12 Sep–8 Oct Heat wave Europe, Jun–Aug Typhoon Soudelor China, Taiwan, 2–13 Aug Meteorological events (Tropical storm, extratropical storm, convective storm, local storm) Hydrological events (Flood, mass movement) Climatological events (Extreme temperature, drought, forest fire) Geophysical events (Earthquake, tsunami, volcanic activity) Selection of catastrophes Loss events Severe storms USA, 23–28 May Floods United Kingdom, Dec Natural Loss Events Worldwide 2015 Climate Change Impact Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 4. Much Faster, More Intense Ra#onale : Climate Change Impacts come much faster and are more intense than originally an#cipated for Tradi#onal project based plan and design of coastal infrastructure is no longer adequate Urgent need for another, more effec#ve, system based, holis#c approach Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 5. Climate Change puts Pressure on Design Data • Design Data are based on trend analyses and scenarios • All trends show considerable varia#on • Actual changes in trends are only included aEer considerable #me • Trend Breaches are by defini#on not included • Data are therefore basically outdated when it comes to accelerated climate change Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 6. Ra#onale : When extreme weather and hurricanes hit an area, most aJen#on goes to the damage they cause Hardly or no aJen#on is given to those areas which have been hit too, but facing hardly any damage and the natural ability to recover quickly Resilient by Nature is about what can be learned from those systems and how to translate their characteris#cs to other areas which are less resilient by themselves Resilient by Nature Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 7. Dauphin Island : • Barrier Island in the Mississippi Delta • Located about 6 km offshore • Natural barrier island and sand spit • Popula#on approx. 1400 inhabitants. Hurricanes which have hit Dauphin Island Year Name 1979 Frederic 1985 Elena 1997 Danny 1998 Georges 2004 Ivan 2005 Katrina 2012 Isaac The Example of Dauphin Island, USA Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 8. overflow during the event Erosion and deposition process situation before and after the event • “Unlike typical storm surge effects on a mainland coastline and affected waterways, on an island the surge moves around and over the land mass without the mounding up of water experienced on the mainland.“ • “Storm surge and waves were not high enough to destroy many of the elevated homes on the less- protected western end of the populated part of the island” The Example of Dauphin Island, USA EffecCveness / Post Katrina Impact Assessment Ref. NOAA, Pilebuck and wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauphin_Island,_Alabama#Hurricanes Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 9. Resiliency Quality Features : • Relevant processes and data have been analyzed and assessed • Characteris#cs which can be translated into climate change impact resilient breakwaters in other regions and climates • Supported with similar cases known within the area of origin itself and from elsewhere • The rela#ve small footprint also limits direct storm impact on the dry surface area Ref. USGS Extreme Impact Resilient Breakwater Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 10. Other Systems with Proven Natural Resiliency Eco-Shields / Mangroves Ref. Mekong Delta, K. Schmitt, 2010 Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 12. Resiliency Quality Features : • Effec#ve with regard to Wave Impact Reduc#on (physical distance and mangrove type dependent) • Not effec#ve with regard to Accelerated Sea Level Rise • Suitable for similar marine habitat condi#ons elsewhere • Vulnerable for changes in ambient condi#ons, such as temperature and silta#on • Not direct suitable for other climate zones USGS Eco-shields / Mangroves Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 13. Extreme Impact Resilient Eco-Polder • Polder type, diked area as extreme impact relief facility (buffer) • Designed to get flooded under extreme condi#ons by means of spilling levees or weirs • Allowing the water to come in controlled, thus reducing and slowing down the direct impact on the mainland • Adequate layout and vegeta#on in the polder enhances overall effec#veness and impact resiliency • Applying Sustainable Dikes improves impact resiliency, enhances embedding in the natural habitat and creates value added benefits Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 14. Resiliency Quality Features : • Well tested, global concept with basically very few restric#ons • Extensive research has been done such as in Northern Germany [Ref. H.D. Niemeyer, 2001] • Extremely effec#ve in terms of wave and water level set up reduc#on Extreme Impact Resilient Eco-Polder Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 15. Other Systems with Similar Impact Resiliency QualiCes www.biorock.org/content/gallery-random-biorock-shots www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/08/ Ref : www.mumm.ac.be/NL/Monitoring Other systems with natural built in resiliency with regard extreme weather impacts are : • Coral Reefs / Ar#ficial Reefs In analogy with hurricane shaped barriers • Sequen#al Breakwaters in analogy with mega-ripples • Salt Marshes In analogy with mangroves In principle within the same window of opportunity as the the systems just presented Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 16. The “Resilient by Nature” Approach • Learn from systems with proven built in natural resilience in terms of dimensions, behaviour, relevant processes, etc. • Translate their characteris#cs to other places which are equally exposed but less resilient • On the basis of an holis#c approach, Implement as systems instead of individual, engineered projects • The “Resilient by Nature” toolbox provides a number of systems with built in natural resilience, maximum flexibility and internal back-up and redundancy • Resilient by Nature is a Game Changer Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 17. “Resilient by Nature” versus “Building with Nature” Building with Nature • Method for coastline maintenance, on a project by project basis, based on volume management • Planned and designed according to – by defini#on - dated design guidelines in a rapid changing climate • Puts a heavy burden on the environment due to it’s repe##ve and cyclic nature • By defini#on NOT a game changer, nor sustainable Resilient by Nature • Solu#on provider, based on shape and dynamics instead of volume • Enhancing natural coastal features and implementa#on of coastal system components with proven resiliency • Planned and designed according to their full scale characteris#cs • Adding those unique capabili#es to other, more vulnerable coastal systems • Enhancing both safety and overall resiliency on a permanent basis • Game changing, sustainable approach Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 18. Economy • The economics behind what’s feasible or not will mainly be determined on the basis of what’s already there, how much modifica#on is required and what natural resiliency component(s) to add, including related planning and #me scales • Balanced against the immense costs of the material and immaterial damage each major extreme weather event causes • Offers the poten#al of substanCal addiConal social and economic benefits from mul#-usage of the implemented systems, such as the extreme impact resilient breakwater, eco-polder system, eco-shield, etc. • The Resilient by Nature approach is flexible, fully scalable to local needs, means and possibili#es, thanks to its unique natural system based characteris#cs Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons
- 19. Source : Daily News Source : Daily News • Given the rapid changes and related uncertain#es and unknowns in design data, there is definitely a need for a systems experience based, holis#c approach • Resilient by Nature offers the tools and experience to follow and implement such an approach • Un#l full acceptance, it is recommended to compare and check what has been planned and designed conven#onally with the Resilient by Nature iden#fied systems and solu#ons and modify where applicable • The Resilient by Nature Reference Document is available for poten#al partners Resilient by Nature, the Way Forward Email : pluijm64@gmail.com Marco Pluijm Senior Specialist Experience Based SoluCons