Research Methodology workshop for Postgraduate students and Faculty at AZEEZIA MEDICAL COLLEGE KOLLAM Kerala kOLL Integrating associating Dental, Medical and Nursing faculty, I am thankful to The Medical Director Principal Vice Principal and great efforts of Dr Roopesh Dr Sudha and Dr Vivek and most important the Maximum participation of Post graduate students from all braches of Medical and Dental College supporting me in many better ways Dr.T.V.Rao MD Chair Person Azeezia Ethics Comittte kollam

1. RESEARCH
PROCESS
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
29-07-2016 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 1

2. What is Research
•Research comprises
"creative work
undertaken on a
systematic basis in
order to increase the
stock of knowledge,
•Medicine is a wider
field for exploration29-07-2016 Dr.T.,V.Rao MD@ Azeezia Medical college 2

3. Questions are Many Answers are
Few
• When starting your research
you may or may not have a
clear question but by
starting with an idea and
formulating this idea into a
question you will be able to
review the literature already
written on this topic which
will likely help you to refine
and narrow your questions
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4. What is the research
process?
• It is the systematic manner in which a researcher approaches their
area of study to produce knowledge which the community will
consider to be worthwhile within the field.
• There are four principles stages in the research process that we will
cover here:
• Inquiry
• Collection
• Organisation
• Presentation
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5. •Series of various actions, which are
necessary to effective research work.
• Research process consist of a number
of closely related activities.
•Various steps involved in a research
process are not mutually exclusive; nor
they are separate & distinct.
What is research process……???
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6. Select
Issue
Review
Topic
Develop
Hypothesis Research Design
Measurement
Data Analyses Write Report
Action Plans
Ethics
Research Process
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7. Academic Integrity
•Academic Integrity means
honesty and responsibility in
scholarship.. Intellectual
contributions from others
must be consistently and
responsibly acknowledged.
Academic work completed
in any other way is
fraudulent
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8. The scientific research process is a
multiple-step process where the
steps are interlinked with the
other steps in the process
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9. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
• Step One: Define research problem
• Step Two: Review of literature
• Step Three: Formulate hypotheses
• Step Four: Preparing the research design
• Step Five: Data collection
• Step Six: Data analysis
• Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing
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10. Step One: Define Research Problem
There are two types of research problem, viz., those
•relate to states of nature
•relationship between variables.
Essentially two steps are involved in define research
problem, viz.,
•understanding the problem thoroughly and rephrasing the
same into meaningful terms from an point of view.
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11. We have a problem
Identify the Problem
•The first step in the process is to identify a
problem or develop a research question.
The research problem may be something
the agency identifies as a problem, some
knowledge or information that is needed
by the agency, or the desire to identify a
recreation trend nationally
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12. Step Two: Review of Literature
• Once the problem is define, a
brief summary of it should be
written down. It is compulsory
for a research worker writing a
thesis for a Ph.D. degree to
write a synopsis of topic and
submit it to necessary
committee or the research
board for approval.
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13. Review the Literature
•Now that the problem
has been identified, the
researcher must learn
more about the topic
under investigation. To
do this, the researcher
must review the
literature related to the
research problem.
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14. Review of Literature Helps to Move from
Past to Future
•The review of literature also
educates the researcher
about what studies have
been conducted in the past,
how these studies were
conducted, and the
conclusions in the problem
area.
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15. Step Three: Formulate
Hypothesis
• Formulate hypothesis is
tentative assumption made
in order to draw out and test
its logical or empirical
consequences.
Hypothesis should be very
specific and limited to the
piece of research in hand
because it has to be tested.
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16. What is Hypothesis
•HYPOTHESIS - a
contention based on
preliminary evidence
of what appears to be
fact (an educated
guess), which may or
may not be true.
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17. Hypothesis should keep you on
Right Tract
•The role of the
hypothesis is to
guide the researcher
by delimiting the
area of research and
to keep him on the
right track.
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18. Searching for sources
•Identify important concepts in your topic.
••Once you have articulated your topic, try to
pick out important concepts or keywords which
you can use when you search for articles.
•Identify the subject area
•Consider how recent or historical your search
is.
•Do not take outdated topics
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19. Searching Literature
enlightens on the Matters of
Interest• The information discovered
during this step helps the
programmer fully
understand the magnitude
of the problem, recognize
the future consequences of
obesity, and identify a
strategy to combat obesity
(i.e., walking).
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20. Step Four: Preparing the Research
Design• The function of research design is to provide for the
collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of
effort, time and money.
•Research purpose may be grouped into four
categories, viz., Exploration,
Description,
Diagnosis,
Experimentation.
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21. Step Five: Data
Collection
•Primary data can be collected through:
By Observation
Through personal interview
Through telephone interview
By mailing of questionnaries
Through Schedules
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22. Collect Data
• Once the instrumentation
plan is completed, the
actual study begins with the
collection of data. The
collection of data is a
critical step in providing the
information needed to
answer the research
question.
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23. Step Six: Data Analysis
The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations
such as establishment of categories.
This stage mainly include :
1.Coding
2.Editing
3.Tabulation
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24. Analyse the Data
•All the time, effort, and
resources dedicated to steps 1
through 7 of the research
process culminate in this final
step. The researcher finally has
data to analyse so that the
research question can be
answered. In the
instrumentation plan
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25. Evaluate your results
•Look at the number of article citations you
were able to retrieve. If you retrieved more
articles than you expected and they don't
seem to be relevant to your topic, you may
need to add another concept or keyword to
your search statement in order to narrow
your search.
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26. Step Seven: Interpretation and Report
Writing
Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him.
Writing of report includes:
1.the preliminary pages;
2.the main text, and
3. End matter. Finally it
is in Black and White
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27. CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A
STANDARD FORMAT
•Give credit where credit is due; cite your
sources.
•Citing or documenting the sources used in your
research serves two purposes, it gives proper
credit to the authors of the materials used, and
it allows those who are reading your work to
duplicate your research and locate the sources
that you have listed as references.
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28. References
• Basic Social Work Research library University of Michigan USA
• Steps of the research process Applied Research and Evaluation
Methods in Recreation By Diane C. Blankenship :Human Kinetics
• The Research Process University Library University of Illinois
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