This document discusses key concepts in research methods and experimentation. It defines experiments as investigations looking for cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating an independent variable (IV) and measuring its impact on a dependent variable (DV). It also discusses experimental designs like independent measures, repeated measures, and matched pairs. Different types of experiments are described like laboratory, field, and natural experiments. Key terms related to experiments are defined along with ethical considerations like informed consent.

1. RESEARCH METHODS

2. EXPERIMENTS
Experiment: investigation which is looking for cause and
effect relationship.
IV: the factor under investigation in which an IV is
manipulated and is responsible for changes in the DV
DV: the factor which is measured and is expected to
change under the influence of the IV
Extraneous variable: variable that randomly affects the DV
n all levels of the IV or systematically.
Control condition: a level of the IC in an experiment from
which the IC is absent. It is compared to one or more
experimental conditions.

3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Independent measures design
Repeated measures design
Matched pair design

4. Independent measures
design: design in which
a different group of
participants is used for
each level of the IV or
conditions
Repeated measures
design: design in which
each participant
persons in every level
of the IV.
Match pair design:
design in which
participants are
arranged into pairs.
• Demand
Characteristics
• Random Allocation
• Participant Variable
• Order Effect
• Practice Effect
• Fatigue Effect
• Counterbalancing
• Matched based on age,
gender, intelligence,
personality
• Define the terms in the next slide

5. • Terms could be defined here.

7. TYPES OF EXPERIMENTS
Laboratory Experiment
• conducted in artificial setup
• Participants may not be in the usual environment
Field Experiment
• Causal relationship in which an IV is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the DV.
Conducted in the normal environment of the participant
Natural Experiment
• Look for a causal relationship in which the IV cannot be directly manipulated by the experimenter

8. TERMS
Standardization
Validity
Reliability
Generalize
Ecological validity
Uncontrolled variable

9. EVALUATIONS OF EACH EXPERIMENT

10. ETHICS
• Informed consent
• Right to withdraw
• Privacy
• Confidentiality