About physical fitness/ education what it is and its importance, the domains it covers, health related and sport related physical fitness as well three phases of learning

1.  PRESENTATION BY
NALEDI SELEKISHO

2. WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION?
According to Roux (2020), physical education is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to assist
learners acquire the knowledge and understanding, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior in order to promote and
encourage long-term active and healthy lifestyles within a quality physical education program.
Physical education encourage and promote movement, physical growth and development, health and
physical body image of an individual.
The term “physical” makes reference to movement skills and motor coordination , physical growth and
development of the body. On the other hand, the term “education” describes the training, guidance and
supervision to the learner. As a result, when these concepts are combined suggest and indicate that
education presented to the learner, puts emphasis on the physical growth and development that is inclusive
of all body movements and motor skills (Khandelwal, 2020) .
Overall, a physical education program must be accomodation of a balance of health-related fitness, motor
skills, content knowledge, personal and social development activities.
[Figure 3]

3. A PHYSICAL
EDUCATED
PERSON
SHOULD BE
ABLE TO
(ROUX, 2020):
• Show ability in numerous development
structures and capability in a couple of development
structures;
• Apply development ideas and standards to
the mastering and advancement of engine abilities;
• Show an actual dynamic way of life;
• Accomplish and keep a wellbeing improving
degree of actual wellness;
• Exhibit capable individual and social conduct
in actual work settings;
• Show comprehension of and regard for
contrasts among individuals in actual work settings;
and
• Comprehend that actual work gives freedoms
to pleasure, challenge, self-articulation, and social
association (Roux, 2020).

4. HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT
• According to Khandelwal (2020), physical
education is associated with the holistic
development of an individual which also
entails physical, affective, social and moral
elements of growth and general well-being
of individuals.
• All these elements are interconnected,
hence the development of one element
leads to growth of the other element.
Conclusively, this results in the overall
growth and development of an individual.
[Figure 4]

5. DOMAINS ENCOURAGING HOLISTIC
DEVELOPMENT (KHANDELWAL,2020)
• COGNITIVE DOMAIN: THE ABILITY OF LEARNERS TO COMPREHEND THE PHYSICAL
MOVEMENT, UNDERSTAND THE RULES AND REGULATIONS, POSITIONS AND STRATEGIES
FOR THE MOVEMENT
• PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN: LEARNERS LEARN NEW SKILLS, APPLY THEM AND DEVELOP THEM
• PHYSICAL DOMAIN: LEARNERS ENGAGE AND PARTICIPATE IN THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
INDICATED BY THE TEACHER
• AFFECTIVE DOMAIN: FOCUS ON THE INDIVIDUAL, THEIR SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-WORTH, HAVE
A SENSE OF IDENTITY
• SOCIAL DOMAIN: ENCOURAGE CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTIONS, TEAM WORK,
UNDERSTANDING AND TOLERANCE

6. PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
• To gain more knowledge and comprehension about
the ways in which the human body works (Bihari,
2021)
• To build motor skills such as balance, endurance,
strength, coordination and flexibility for good
participation in physical activities.
• To create healthy habits and a healthy lifestyle
leading to good health
• To promote and encourage social, physical and
psychological aspects such as disciplined conduct,
better relations (Bihari, 2021)

7. HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL
FITNESS (ROUX, 2020)
• Cardiorespiratory endurance is the capacity to take part in huge muscle active work for generally
significant stretches of time at moderate to overwhelming degrees of force.
• Muscular strength is the limit of a muscle or muscle gathering to apply most extreme power against
an opposition. Dynamic strength is the power applied by a muscle bunch as a body part moves. Static
strength is the power applied against an enduring item (Palero, 2016).
• Muscular endurance is the limit of a muscle or gathering of muscles to apply power throughout some
stretch of time against a submaximal obstruction (Palero, 2016).
• Flexibility is the capacity to move joints in an unlimited style through the full scope of movement to
twist, stretch, curve, and turn.
• Body composition is the proportion of muscle to fat ratio to fit body tissue. (Delina, 2019)

8. SPORT-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS
(ROUX, 2020)
• Agility is the capacity to rapidly alter course or body position precisely while traveling through space.
• Speed is the ability of the body to carry out a development in the briefest conceivable time –
fundamental in activities related to games (Khandelwal, 2020).
• Power is the result of solidarity and speed
• Balance being able to maintain your balance and body position whether moving or fixed
• Coordination is the capacity to coordinate various engine abilities into a smooth, effective engine
design that is imperative for most game related exercises (Khandelwa, 2020).

9. THREE PHASES OF LEARNING:
LEARNING MODEL OF FITTS AND
POSTNER (1963)
COGNITIVE PHASE
• Occurs in the mind and involve acquiring knowledge and
understanding
• Incorporate considering, thinking, knowing, recalling, judging
and the capacity to solve problems (Peshare, 2009)
• These are higher level activities of the brain and comprises of
language, imaginations, perception as well as planning
• The teacher will explain and give relevant information about
the skill while leaners synthesize and visualize the information
and integrate it with their prior knowledge
• Verbal-based and creation of mental images (Peshare, 2009)

10. ASSOCIATIVE/MOTOR
PHASE
• Acquiring a new skill when an active person
makes progress from thinking about what they
are doing to thinking about how to do it
• Errors are limited, and learners gain more
confidence in what they are doing, and learners
gradually improve how they perform (Peshare,
2010)
• Learners start to show a more sophisticated
movement through practice
• optical sings becomes less important and
stimulate signals becomes more important
(Peshare, 2010)
• Proprioceptive cues refers to the ability of the
learner focusing more on how the body is
moving in space and what input is being felt
from the joins to their muscles
[Figure 5]

11. AUTONOMOUS PHASE
• Final phase of acquiring a skill
• Motor performance becomes automatic with minimal cognitive involvement when compared with the
first phase of learning a skill
• Requires months and years of practice to reach this level of participation
• Movement and progression to this level of learning allows the learners to have the ability to execute
the aptitude in any setting in any condition (Peshare, 2009)
• They execute and perform the skill effortlessly without being anxious about it
• Coordination is good and errors are hardly identified
[Figure 6]

12. REFERENCE LIST
Bihari, G. (2021). Understanding physical education. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/GAYATRIBIHARI/understanding-physical-education : (Accessed on 23 August 2021)
Delina, C. R. (2019). Physical education. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/melody_09/physical-fitness-
194753840 (Accessed on 23 August 2021)
Khandelwal, K. (2020). Physical education and physical fitness. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/shubhikhandelwal/physical-education-and-physical-fitness-235562348 (Accessed on 23 August
2021)
Palero, J. M. (2016). Physical education 9: physical fitness. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/physical-education-9-physical-fitness (Accessed on 24 August 2021)
Peshare.co.uk. (2009). Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/peshare.co.uk/pesharecouk-shared-resource-
2290351 (Accessed on 22 August 2021)
Peshare.co.uk. (2010). Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/peshare.co.uk/pesharecouk-shared-resource-
3711706 (Accessed on 22 August 2021)
Roux, C.J. (2020). Physical education: Lecture’s slides. University of Johannesburg: Movement studies
Figure 1: https://www.orange.k12.nj.us/Page/19549
Figure 2: https://toppng.com/spell-color-sports-vector-11531273-transprent-png-logo-design-physical-education-logo-PNG-
free-PNG-Images_185417
Figure 3: https://www.chestercollege.org/blog/10-reasons-why-physical-education-is-so-important-in-schools/
Figure 4: https://i2.wp.com/www.acrosstwoworlds.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/HolisticDevelopment.png
Figure 5: https://www.wikihow.com/Punt-a-Football
Figure 6: 1*G9XYjxyFj0ruUZYBUK7Adw.png (600×398) (medium.com)