New Syllabus 2022 Class 12 PE Changing Trends & Career Options

As Per New
Syllabus 2022
Sub- P.E
Class-12
UNIT- I
Changing Trends &
Career in Physical
Education
BY- DEBASISH SAHA
(B.P.E, B.P.Ed,

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SUB-UNITS
1.1 Concept, Aims & Objectives of Physical Education.
1.2 Changing Trends in Sports- playing surface,
wearable gears and sports
equipment, technological advancements.
1.3 Career Options in Physical Education.
1.4 Khelo-India and Fit-India Program.

1.1 Concept, Aims & Objectives of Physical
Education.
1.1.1 Concept of Physical Education
- Physical education comprises of two words “physical” meaning “related to body” and
“Education” meaning “modification in behavior”. Therefore combined meaning of these two words
would be that modification of behavior which is related to physical activities meant for the
development of physical fitness, human body maintenance, development of skill and power.
- Physical education is the total development of the individual in terms of physical, mental, moral,
emotional and social development.
- The most basic concern is gross movements rather than minute or finer movements.
- Physical education is an important part of general education. It involves physical activities which help
to achieve wholesome development of individuals.
- Physical education is the relationship between human movement and the other areas of education.
- Physical education helps to develop good health and leads the man towards progress and
wellness. It leads to balanced development.
- BASIC CONCEPTS OF P.E- Education Through The Physical.

Definition of Physical Education
According to “Delbert Oberteuffer”, Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which
come to the individual through movement.
According to “Charles A. Bucher”, Physical Education is an integral part of the total educational
process. It is a field of endeavour that has as its aim the improvement of human performance
through the medium of physical activities that have been selected with a view to realizing this
outcome.
According to “Jesse Feiring Williams”, Physical Education is the sum of man’s physical activities
selected as to kind, and conducted as to outcomes.
According to “Jay B. Nash”, Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education that
deals with the big muscle activities and their related responses.
–To sum up, Physical Education is a process of education which aims at the holistic development of
an individual by using physical activity or body movement.

THE FATHER OF MODERN PHYSICAL EDUCATION-
FRIEDRICH JAHN
•The father of our more modern physical education
classes is FRIEDRICH JAHN, who was a teacher in the
early 1800s who began teaching a program of outdoor
physical education activities for students in the
secondary schools where he taught.

ORIGIN OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
• The brief history of physical education would start in just
about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene
training and care and development of the human body. The
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION launched its very
first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION STARTED IN INDIA
• YMCA COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
• HARRY CROWE BUCK was an American college sports coach and
physical education instructor. He founded the YMCA College of
Physical Education at MADRAS in 1920, which played a key role in
promoting sports and in establishing the Olympic movement in India.
• NOTE- Chennai also known as Madras is the capital of the Indian state
of Tamil Nadu.

CURRENT TRENDS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Evolution of Physical Education

CURRENT TRENDS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
In the modern context, Physical Education lays a strong emphasis on achieving
overall fitness and wellbeing rather than only physical fitness through body
movement. In fact, Physical Education is now called movement education. It
indicates how the body moves to develop efficient motor activity.
The curriculum followed in the Physical Education Programme focuses on the
overall fitness of a human being which is the need of today’s youth and of the
country as well, educating individuals to value their overall fitness by suggesting
to them how can they improve and assess it.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PROGRAMME IN SCHOOLS

1.1.2 Aims & Objective of Physical Education
Aims of Physical Education
The aim of Physical Education is optimum wholesome qualities development in a person. It
emphasizes the balanced development of physical, mental, social, intellectual, and emotional
behaviour.
The development of: Physically, Mentally, Socially & Emotionally. Fit citizens through the
medium of physical activities that have been selected and planned to achieve specific outcomes.
According to National Plan of Physical Education and Recreation, “The aim of Physical Education
must be to make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him
such personal and social qualities as will help him to live happily with others and build him up as a
good citizen.”
According to J.F.Williams, ” Aim of Physical Education is complete living through Wholesome
development of human personality”.

1.1.3 Objective of Physical Education
1. Developed Healthy and Active Life Style: The chief objective of Physical Education is to make
individuals aware of and appreciate the value of Physical Education and its contribution to a healthy
and active life style.
2. Develop interest in the discipline: The focus of a well-designed Physical Education plan should be
to encourage a high level of interest and personal engagement in Physical Education showing
initiative, enthusiasm and commitment towards thes ame.
3. Achieve Optimum Physical Fitness and Health: Physical Education Programmes should aim to
develop an individual’s physical fitness and to make her/him work to her/his optimal level of
physical capacity. It also aims to develop healthy habits of sleep, exercise, food etc. for optimum
health.
4. Awareness of Movement: The Physical Education Programme should make the individual realise
that movement is a creative medium for communication, expression and aesthetic appreciation.
Proficiency in fundamental movement skills through Physical Education supports the development
of more specific skills such as dance.

Objective of Physical Education
5. Development of Organ Systems: The objective of Physical Education Programmeis to develop all
organ systems such as respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, nervous system, and
muscular system. This leads to increased physical efficiency and capacity.
6. Neuro-muscular Co-ordination: The Physical Education Programme should be planned in such a
manner that it helps in maintaining a better relationship between the nervous system and the
muscular system. This helps in developing control and balance among different body parts.
7. Emotional Development: Competitions are an in dispensable part of sports and games and are
marked by success and failure. Physical Education helps develop emotional stability and teaches
acceptance of success and failure gracefully. These qualities are helpful throughout one’s lifetime.
Different situations occur on the sports field whereby individuals learn to control emotions such as
anger, pleasure, jealousy, fear, loneliness etc. This makes them emotionally balanced.

8. Social Development: Physical Education leads to social development as it provides the individual
ample opportunities for social contact and group living which help her/him to adjust in different
situations and build relationships. Qualities like cooperation, obedience, fair play, sacrifice, loyalty,
sportsmanship, self-confidence are developed. Development of these traits help the individual to
become a good human being and also results in a healthy society.
9. Develop Motor Skills: The Physical Education Programme helps the individual develop the motor
skills necessary for successful participation in different sports and a variety of other physical
activities.
10. Enjoyment and Satisfaction: A Physical Education Programme provides enjoyment and
satisfaction through physical activity.
11. Development of Evaluative Skills: A well-designed Physical Education Programme helps
participants to show knowledge and understanding of a variety of physical activities and to evaluate
their own and others performances.

12. Interpretive Development: Physical Education helps develop interpretive ability amongst the
individuals where they can critically reflect upon physical activity in both their local and intercultural
context.
13. Character Building: A well-structured Physical Education Programme should be based on
desirable life outcomes like building character traits such as morality, self- esteem, self-efficacy and
resilience, including lowering levels of stress, experiencing positive growth, boosting academic
achievement, being willing to set challenging life goals, and pro-social behaviour.
14. Remedial Values: Physical Education Programme teaches safety habits where one can learn
about corrective exercises which will lead to safety habits amongst individuals.
15. Optimum Sports Performance: Physical Education brings an individual to optimum sports
performance level.
16. Effective Citizenship: At last but not the least, the Physical Education Programme prepares an
effective citizen who serves the country in better manner.

1.2 Changing Trends in Sports- playing surface,
wearable gears and sports equipment,
technological advancements.
1.2.1 Playing Surface
Throughout history, different sports happen and are played on various different surfaces. The
surfaces upon which a sport is played will have a significant impact on the player’s experience.
Different surfaces have been used for different purposes; some will allow games to be played under
conditions that would otherwise render them unplayable and others will provide a higher level of
comfort for the players.
 Different sports surface types
I) Natural grass surfaces
Traditionally, sports were played on natural grass surfaces. Maintenance of grass turf surfaces
involves different activities including irrigation, and control of pests, and disease.
II) Artificial grass (hockey and football)-
In 1960 some sporting organizations started using artificial pitches. Artificial plain surfaces were
created with the intent of increasing the durability and versatility of the playing surfaces thereby
enabling multi-sport use and providing an indoor. surface that was relatively easy to maintain.

 Different sports surface types
III) Polyurethane (PU) (multi-use, gymnasiums)
IV) Vinyl (multi-use, sports centres)
V) Timber (court games, basketball)
VI) Rubber (gyms and running tracks)
VII) Hard court acrylic (indoor tennis)
VIII) MUGA surfacing (multi-use games area)

1.2.2 Wearable Gears
Wearable Technology has changed the way sports are evaluated. Today we are not depending on
human eyes to make judgments in the movement thanks to the rise of everything from
GPS (Global Positioning System) trackers to RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) chips with the help
of which Sports officials can calculate scores with instant, impartial and quantifiable data.
There are many types of wearable technology in sports. Smart watches are popular with both
professional athletes and amateur fitness enthusiasts, and they are suitable for a wide
range of activities that can make use of calorie, step, distance, pulse, and heart rate tracking.
Other, more specialized wearable technology examples include things like
i) smart clothing
These items can be designed with specific activities in mind.
For example, runners-can invest in shocks that are built with a textile pressure sensor that will
calculate whether they are striking with their heels or the balls of their feet.
ii) Head-mounted displays that can be built into helmets to keep race car drivers in radio contact
with their pit crews
iii) Smart rings
iv) Sensor-field shirts and leggings

The benefits of wearable technology in sports are numerous. Not only can they track health and
fitness data to optimize athletic performance, but they can also be used to prevent injuries by
identifying danger zones and predicting risky movements or patterns.
When wearable technology used by sports officials, they can also ensure accuracy during games,
matches, and performances.
Technology in sports science has grown quite sophisticated and high-end fitness products can count
steps, measure heart rates and even deliver electrocardiogram results to linked smartphones.
Innovators are constantly pushing the boundaries of what their products can do.

1.2.3 Sports Equipment
When designing sports equipment, the design has to enhance performance, be user-friendly and be
safer in order to beat out previous competitors.
Some of the equipment which has changed or improved in design have been mentioned below:
a) Clothing: In swimming, earlier nylon and lycra were used which enable swimsuits to be more form-
fitting and less water absorbent. Now new suits are being developed to reduce drag and increase
performance.
In other sports new clothing is being designed to wick sweat away from the body — by evaporation
instead of absorbing it.
b) Shoes: Lighter and flatter track shoes are designed to find the perfect balance of optimal grip and
comfort. Through years of testing and experience, athletes and sports scientists have worked to
find the perfect blend of lightweight shoes and optimal grip that allows an athlete to hit the
corners harder and faster

c) Protective Equipment:
New technology in sports equipment has revolutionized the way that
manufacturers keep athletes safe from injury.
Example:- Helmet manufacturers have produced helmets with technologically advanced materials to
produce safe and more comfortable helmets.
d) Specific sports equipment:
Tennis Racquets: Earlier wooden rackets were used. In the 1960s, metal rackets were introduced
which increased racquet lifespan and stiffness although not increased weight. In the 1980s wooden
rackets became obsolete and brands instead made graphite rackets which became lighter and lighter
also improving performance.

1.2.4 Technological Advancements
Technology has taken over today’s modern world. Many professional and amateur sports bodies have
embraced new technology to protect athletes, engage fans, track world records and make it easier to
officiate the games.
From the wearable sports technology market to the high degree of fan experience at sporting events,
the future of sports is more digital. Some of the technological advancement that has been introduced
is given below:
i. Instant Replay: Instant replay is an example of the remarkable technology being used in sports today.
With this technology, officials are able to slow down and re-examine what happened during a play,
which provides a much-needed second perspective for controversial sports moments. Instant replay is
used in games like baseball, football, cricket, rugby, and soccer. It is even used in combat sports and
mixed martial arts.

ii. Sensor Tools: It’s a device capable of acquiring data from its surroundings and are often used to
analyze in sports & games. They are also used in cases where the naked eye cannot truly tell.
Different sports use same/different sensor tools depends.
Example- Cricket's Hawk-eye, technology analysis is used to determine if the ball smashed into the
bat before it was caught.
iii. Timing System: To note timing is needed in a race/other sports, stopwatch has been replaced by
more accurate timing systems; this means that differences in reaction time no longer affect the
precision and consistency of racing events/other sports event.
iv. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Chips: This is one of the best examples of technology in
sports. RFID chips are used to track time/location individual contestants in an event. They are tiny
devices with build in antennas that relay wireless signals to tracking stations.
Example- RFID chips are often used in long-distance races to help broadcasters and viewers track the
exact location of contestants during a race.
v. Equipment Development: One of the biggest improvements in sporting tech is smart helmets. New
helmet technology offers sensor and magnet tech built-in, which is able to detect and distribute
force, thus decreasing the chances of head injury.

1.3 Career Options
in
Physical Education

CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
1. Teaching career:-
(i) Senior secondary school level
(ii) College and university level
2. Training career:-
(i) High school coaches
(ii) Trainers is Professional Sports Organisations
3. Healthy related career:-
(i) Sports physiotherapists (ii) Athletic trainers
(iii) Sports nutritionists/Dieticians (iv) Gym Instructors
(v) Sports Psychologists (vi) Dietician

CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
4. Performance related career
(i) Professional players
(ii) As official
(iii) Recreational sports management
(iv) Directors of recreation
(v) Recreation supervisors
5. Career in Communication and media:-
(i) Sports journalist (ii) Sports book publication
(iii) Sports photographer (iv) Sports host (Radio/TV show)
(v) Sports Announcer/Commentator

1.4 Khelo-India and Fit-India Program.
1.4.1 Khelo-India Program
Introduction
On 31 January 2018, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, declared open the inaugural
Khelo India School Games. At the opening ceremony based on Guru–shishya tradition
held at Indira Gandhi Arena. From the 2019 events, Khelo India School Games were
renamed to Khelo India Youth Games after Indian Olympic Association came on.

COMPONENTS
OF

Motto
• The mission aims to develop a sporting culture in the country, identify
talents from grassroots and groom them for international success.
• 'KHELOGE KUDOGE TOH BANOGE LAJAWAB' the motto of the Khelo
India programme rang true as Prime Minister Narendra Modi
inaugurated the Khelo India School Game.

Objectives
The revamped Khelo India Scheme was launched during the financial
year 2017-18 with a view to achieving the twin objectives of -
• Mass participation and promotion of excellence in sports.
• The vision of the revamped Khelo India is to infuse sports culture
and achieve sporting excellence in the country.
Revamped- means to change something in order to make it more attractive or
more modern.

Scholarship
Every year best performing 1000 talented players participants are identified by the
High-Powered Committee will be provided annual financial assistance of INR 5 lakh
per annum for 8 years to prepare them for international sporting events.
In the Khelo India School Games, which are a part of the Khelo India program,
under-17 athletes participate across 16 disciplines.
- 16 disciplines are Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Basketball, Boxing, Football,
Gymnastics, Hockey, Judo, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Shooting, Swimming, Volleyball,
Weightlifting, and Wrestling.

Khelo India Youth Games
Edition Year Host City Winner State
I 2018 New Delhi Haryana
II 2019 Pune Maharashtra
III 2020 Guwahati Maharashtra
IV 2021 Panchkula Haryana

1.4.2 Fit-India Program
Introduction
Fit-india Mission encourages people to become part of the Fit India Movement by inculcating at
least 30-60 minutes of physical activities in their day-to-day lives.
The mission of the Movement is to bring about behavioural changes and move toward a more
physically active lifestyle.
FIT-INDIA Movement was launched on 29th August 2019 by the Honourable Prime Minister
Shri Narendra Modi with a view to making fitness an integral part of our daily lives.
The mission of the Movement is to bring about behavioral changes and move toward a more
physically active lifestyle. Towards achieving this mission, Fit India proposes to undertake various
initiatives and conduct many events.

Objectives of Fit-India Movement
I) To promote fitness as easy, fun and free.
II) To spread awareness on fitness and various physical activities that promote fitness through focused
campaigns.
III) To encourage indigenous sports.
IV) To make fitness reach every school, college/university, panchayat/village, etc.
V) To create a platform for citizens of India to share information, drive awareness, and encourage
sharing of personal fitness stories.

New Syllabus 2022 Class 12 PE Changing Trends & Career Options

New Syllabus 2022 Class 12 PE Changing Trends & Career Options

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