This document discusses various snake and lizard species found in Pakistan. It provides descriptions of 5 poisonous snake species found in Pakistan including the Russell's viper, common names and characteristics. It also describes observations of 12 different reptile species made during field studies, including snakes, geckos, agamas and skinks, providing details on habitat, behaviors and number of individuals observed. The document emphasizes the need for more extensive herpetological research across all of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

3. Reptiles are a group (Reptilia) of tetrapod
animals comprising today's turtles, crocodilians,
snakes, lizards and tuatara. The study of these
traditional reptile groups, historically combined
with that of modern amphibians, is called
herpetology. Birds are also often included as a sub-
group of reptiles by modern scientists.

5. • 3000
species of
snakes in
the world
• 375 are
venomous
(10 to 15 %)
SNAKES

6. COMPARISON OF POISONOUS &
NON-POISONOUS SNAKES

7. Characteristic Poisonous Nonpoisonous
Shape of head Triangular Round
Pupils Elliptical Round
Bite marks Fang marks 2 rows of teeth
Caudal plates Single row Double row
Color body
Red ring next to
yellow
Alternating
color
Swim in water Most of the body
afloat
Often only
head showing
Poisonous / Non Poisonous Snakes

8. Poisonous Snakes in
Pakistan
• Rat Snake (Ptyas
mucosus) Local
Name: - Dhaman
• Indian Python
(Python molurus)
Local Name: -
Azdaha
• Indian Cobra (Naja
naja) Local Name: -
Cobra
• Leaf-nosed Viper
( Eristocophis
macmahoni) Local
Name: - Cobra

9. .
World,s
deadliest
snakes

10. A B
Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii )

11. Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) is a genus
of venomous Old World viper. The
single species (D. russelii) is found in Asia
throughout the Indian subcontinent, much
of Southeast Asia, southern China
and Taiwan and Pakistan .It is poisonous snake
and was observed once in the field during
study.

12. Sunbeam snake (Xenopeltis unicolor)

13. Sunbeam snake (Xenopeltis unicolor) is
commonly observed snake as total of (n=5)
individuals were observed in the field. It is often
long upto 5ft (3-5ft).

14. A B
Common rat snake (Elaphe obsolete obsolete)

15. The common rat snake (Elaphe obsolete obsolete) is a
medium sized rodent eater found in grassy area where it
captures small rodents for feeding as observed eating snake
in field. It is found large in number as (n=12) individuals
were observed during field studies.

16. Night snake (Hypsiglena torquata)

17. Night snake (Hypsiglena torquata) is a nocturnal snake and is active
at night for capturing small nocturnal insects and frogs. Only single
individual visualized during study. It is identified by its characteristic
pattern on its body.

18. Black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis)

19. Black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) was observed at Danna during
field visit. It was quiet aggressive as Cobra while standing for fight by
uptaking his head. It was about 7-8 feet in length. Mouth region was
blackish from inner side. It was observed singly in the field.

20. Unidentified snake

22. A
Turnip-tailed gecko (Thecadactylus rapicauda)

23. Turnip-tailed gecko
The turnip-tailed
gecko (Thecadactylus rapicauda) is
a nocturnal species visualized
singly with fatty tail to store fats.

24. North Pakistan Agama (Laudakia Pakistanica)
A B

25. North Pakistan Agama (Laudakia
Pakistanica) is commonly found on
shrubs in search of ants and for basking.
Its size measured to 12 inches (30 cm).
It is found in all the sites. It feeds upon
insects and ants.

26. Eastern three-lined skink (Bassiana duperreyi)

27. Eastern three-lined skink
The eastern three-lined skink (Bassiana
duperreyi) also known as the bold-striped
cool-skink, is a species in the Scincidae family.
It is found common in area as almost (n=15)
individuals were observed during study.

28. A B
The Kashmir Rock Agama (Laudakia tuberculata)

29. The Kashmir Rock Agama (Laudakia
tuberculata) is a common lizard species. Its
habitat is stony area with direct sunlight
available for basking. It is found of basking
upon stones in large number (n=30) in all
the sites of the study area.

30. Fat tail gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus)

31. Fat tail gecko is an endangered species.
According to the WWF report, Pakistan
possessed a number of reptile species
being traded in the world. Fat tail gecko
also present in these creation. Fat Tail
Gecko is primarily nocturnal.

32. Monitor lizard

33. Monitor lizard is the common name of
several large lizard species, comprising the
genus Varanus. It is native to Africa and
Asia but is now found also in
the Americas as an invasive species. It has
long neck, powerful tail and claws, and
well-developed limbs.

34. All the above species are the part of my and my friend,s
research from Muzaffarabad and Abbaspur,
But
It is a too small part of Ajk.
We have to explore the whole Ajk …….!

35. It’s time for change come to front with the
research oriented mind to bring a change
………………!!!!!