This document discusses different types of reports including progress reports. It provides details on: - The components of a progress report including an introduction describing the project, work completed to date, current work, future work, any problems encountered, and a conclusion on the project status and schedule. - Technical reports which convey test results and contain elements like an introduction, experimental setup, data, analysis, and conclusion. - Types of reports like formal, informal, statutory, non-statutory, routine, special, informative, and interpretative.

1. Topics:
Report Writing
Technical Reports
Progress Reports

2. Group Name: 7 Stars
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Presented By:
Mohammad Tariq 928
Muhammad Waseem Asim 939
Muhammad Nasir 926
Muhammad Imran 937

3. Report Writing

4. A report is a presentation of facts and findings, usually as a basis for
recommendations; written for a specific readership, and probably
intended to be kept as a record.
 It is purely based on observation and analysis.
 A report gives an explanation of any circumstance.
 A report discusses a particular problem in
 detail. Reports are required for judging the performances of various
departments in an organization.
 A good report is always fact finding and not fault finding. It should be
prepared in an impartial manner. The writers of the report should be
impartial in their outlook and approach.

5. Informal2
Statutory3
Non-statutory4
Routine5
Special6
Informative7
Interpretative8
Formal1Types:

6.  Formal Reports: A formal report is one which is prepared in a
prescribed form and is presented according to an established
procedure to a prescribed authority.
 Informal Reports: An informal report is usually in the form of
a person-to-person communication. It may range from a short,
almost fragmentary statement of facts on a single page, to a
more developed presentation taking several pages.

7.  statutory report: A report prepared and presented
according to the form and procedure laid down by law is
called a statutory report. Ex: audit report
 non-statutory report: Formal reports which are not required
under any law but which are prepared to help the management
in framing the policies is called non statutory report. Ex: for
policy formulations

8.  Periodic or Routine Reports: They are prepared and presented at
regular, prescribed intervals. They may be submitted annually,
semi-annually, quarterly, monthly, fortnightly, weekly or even
daily.
 Special Reports: They are related to a single occasion or situation.
Such as technical report of a particular product.

9.  Informative Reports: These reports present facts about certain
given activity in detail without any note or suggestions. Ex: A vice-
chancellor asking about the number of candidates appearing at a
particular examination.
 Interpretative Reports: It analyzes the facts, draws conclusions and
makes recommendations. Ex: A company chairman may ask for a
report on falling trends in sale in a particular area. He will in this case
be naturally interested in knowing all the details including that of
opinion of any of the investigator.

10. Updated informationSolves current problems
Internal communication
Decision making and planning
discloses unknown
information
Reliable permanent information

11. Technical Report

12.  A technical report is used to convey important findings or
test results to a controlled audience.
 Technical reports seldom undergo peer review
 Distribution of Technical report is done at the discretion of
the author or employee
 The typical technical report is between two and twenty pages
long in content and form.
 Technical documents require considerable thought and
preparation

13.  Most technical reports contain the fallowing elements:
Instruction (or Background), Experimental setup (if
applicable), theory, Data, Analysis, and Conclusion
 Introduction: The Introduction serves as a preamble to the
document and states its reason for having been written, the
introduction of a technical report can occupy a paragraph, a
page, or many pages.

14. Experimental setup: if the document describes the result
of an experiment, a section should be included that describes
the physical setup. it should describe instruments, apparatus,
mechanical techniques, dimensions, and other key parameters.

15. Data: The data section includes the results of any
experiments or tests that were performed. It should explain
why each set of data is presented, how it was obtained, and
what bearing it has on the main purpose of the document. A
report is likely to be used later as a reference source, so it’s
important to present data completely and accurately.

16. Analysis: The analysis section is where the data are
evaluated, interpreted, and used to support any claim made in
the report. All mathematical calculation belongs in this section,
as do plots and charts derived from the data.
 In some cases, particularly in reports that deal with design
work, the analysis and data sections appear in reverse order.
First the analysis of the device is presented, followed by data
on tests that show whether the device meets the predictions
of the analysis

17. Conclusion: The conclusion is used to summarize the
claims, results, and observations included in the report. The
conclusion should be a stand-alone section that summarizes all
the key points

18. Progress Report

19. OVERVIEW
 By the end of the lesson, students
 should be able to:
 -define ‘progress report’
 -identify parts in progress report
 -produce a progress report

20. What is a progress report?
It is a report that you have to write to inform about the progress
you are making on your work
Who should write a progress report ?
 student writes to teacher
 Employee writes to supervisor/manager

21.  Business letters
 Memos
 As separate reports with cover letters or memos
 Example given is in the format of a memo
 with the progress report inside.

22. The standard elements
 To
 From
 Subject
 Title of the project & date
 Otherwise, standard headings, lists, and tables are used
throughout the rest of the memo.

23.  What progress have you made (what did you accomplish)
during the time period?
 What problems have you encountered, and how will you
solve those problems?
 Are you on schedule (if not what will you do to get back on
schedule)?

24. 1)Introduction
Topic and purpose of the report:
Very briefly explain the project and what this progress report is for?
 A brief description of the project.
 An overview of what the rest of the memo is all about.
Project description:
Provides some discussion of the intended audience to whom the
project is intended to, or who will use the product/result of the
project, as well as why it is important for them
Project scope
 lists the overall tasks related to the project then, narrows down
to the task / topic in change (job specification).

25. 2) Work status
It explained what has been completed, what is currently working
on, what planned to do
Work completed before this report
 Provide a brief summary of what your previous progress
reports contained.
 Briefly explain the work you have completed before the time
period that this report covers.

26. Work completed during this time period present work
 Explain what you are doing at present provide details.
 In some cases, you might even want to provide some of the
important data you have obtained so far, the cost and time you
have spent, or trial and error you have gone through.
Work you need to complete before you finish the project-
future work.
 what is the next step?
 what is the complete the next step?
 what do you still need to do?

27. 3) Problem(s) encountered
 Explain any unexpected developments?
 Explain what you plan to do to correct these problems.
 How do you plan to correct these problems?
4) Conclusion
 state whether the project is on schedule.
 If not, why?
 When will you be back on schedule?
The end