Reported speech
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Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some of the words while retaining the same meaning. Key changes include changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to the third person and changing tenses. Common reporting verbs used in reported speech include say, ask, offer, promise, agree, refuse, tell, order, warn, remind, advise, and invite. The structure can change depending on whether it is reporting a statement, question, request, order, promise or other type of utterance.
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Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some elements of their words while retaining the same meaning. Key changes include changing pronouns and possessive adjectives to reflect a change in speaker and audience. Common reporting verbs used in reported speech include say, ask, offer, promise, agree, refuse, tell, order, warn, remind, advise, invite, and not to negate commands or requests. The document provides examples of reported statements, questions, requests, orders, promises and negatives using the typical structures of reporting verb + to-infinitive or reporting verb + object + to-infinitive.
Reported speech lesson 10
Reported speech is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some words while retaining the same meaning. When reporting requests, offers, promises or threats, the structure is reporting verb + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are offer, promise, agree, refuse. When reporting orders, requests, warnings or advice, the structure is reporting verb + object + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are tell, ask, order, warn, advise, invite. For negative reported statements, the structure is not + to-infinitive. Pronouns and possessive adjectives are usually changed from first to third person.
Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some of the words while retaining the same meaning. Key changes include changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to the third person and changing tenses. Common reporting verbs used in reported speech include say, ask, offer, promise, agree, refuse, tell, order, warn, remind, advise, and invite. The structure can change depending on whether it is reporting orders, requests, promises or negative statements.
Reported speech
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
The tourists asked the tour guide when the next tour would start. They also wanted to know how long the tour would last and what places they would visit. One of them asked if they could take photographs inside the museum.
Spoken English Advanced Session 19 - Passive Voice - Ash Vyas
Learn passive voice and how to convert an active sentence into passive. Learn tips and rules with common mistakes for using passive sentence structure.
Reported speech
The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
Reported speech
The document discusses reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change different types of statements, questions, and commands from direct to reported speech. This involves changing pronouns, verbs, adverbs of time and other elements according to specific rules. For example, present tense verbs change to past tense in reported speech and pronouns change according to who is speaking. The document also discusses the use of introductory verbs like "say", "ask" and "tell" when reporting speech. It provides examples of how to report different types of statements, questions and commands.
Spoken English Advanced Session 20 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Recommended
Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some elements of their words while retaining the same meaning. Key changes include changing pronouns and possessive adjectives to reflect a change in speaker and audience. Common reporting verbs used in reported speech include say, ask, offer, promise, agree, refuse, tell, order, warn, remind, advise, invite, and not to negate commands or requests. The document provides examples of reported statements, questions, requests, orders, promises and negatives using the typical structures of reporting verb + to-infinitive or reporting verb + object + to-infinitive.
Reported speech lesson 10
Reported speech is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some words while retaining the same meaning. When reporting requests, offers, promises or threats, the structure is reporting verb + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are offer, promise, agree, refuse. When reporting orders, requests, warnings or advice, the structure is reporting verb + object + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are tell, ask, order, warn, advise, invite. For negative reported statements, the structure is not + to-infinitive. Pronouns and possessive adjectives are usually changed from first to third person.
Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some of the words while retaining the same meaning. Key changes include changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to the third person and changing tenses. Common reporting verbs used in reported speech include say, ask, offer, promise, agree, refuse, tell, order, warn, remind, advise, and invite. The structure can change depending on whether it is reporting orders, requests, promises or negative statements.
Reported speech
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
The tourists asked the tour guide when the next tour would start. They also wanted to know how long the tour would last and what places they would visit. One of them asked if they could take photographs inside the museum.
Spoken English Advanced Session 19 - Passive Voice - Ash Vyas
Learn passive voice and how to convert an active sentence into passive. Learn tips and rules with common mistakes for using passive sentence structure.
Reported speech
The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
Reported speech
The document discusses reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change different types of statements, questions, and commands from direct to reported speech. This involves changing pronouns, verbs, adverbs of time and other elements according to specific rules. For example, present tense verbs change to past tense in reported speech and pronouns change according to who is speaking. The document also discusses the use of introductory verbs like "say", "ask" and "tell" when reporting speech. It provides examples of how to report different types of statements, questions and commands.
Spoken English Advanced Session 20 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Reported speech
Reported Speech is used to report what someone said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So, verbs usually change to the past in reported speech. (Haryanti, 2000: 31).
They are two ways of relating what a person has said:
1. Direct Speech
In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said, ‘ I have lost my umbrella.’
2. Indirect (Reported) Speech
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella
The Rules of Reported Speech
1. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past.
Example:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
I told her that I didn’t have any money.
2. In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech
Example:
Direct Judy: My parents are very well.
Reported Judy said that her parents were very well.
3. In general, the past simple form in direct speech changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Example:
Direct Tom said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.
Reported Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work
The Kind of Reported Speech
There are many kinds of reported speech:
1. Reported Statement
Reported statement uses the reporting verb ‘that’, but ‘that’ is optional, so it is placed in bracket.
Example:
Quoted Statement She said, ‘I watch TV everyday.
Reported Statement She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
2. Reported Imperative
Reported Imperative is used to report invitation or command from someone to other people.
Example :
Quoted Imperative : Jamal said, ‘Please come to my party’.
Reported Imperative : Jamal invited me to come to his party.
Note :
In the reporterd Imperative, verb follows by object (pro) noun and then followed by infinitive phrase.
The following verbs is always used in reported imperative:
Advice - permit - invite
Ask - encourage - order
Remind - tell - warn
3. Reported Question
Reported Question is used to report questions. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affimative form, the question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported speech.
Example:
Quoted Question : He said, ‘Where does she live?’
Reported Question : He asked where she lived.
4. Reported Exclamation
Reported Exclamation is reporting of someone’s feeling or see.
Example:
Quoted Exclamation : He said, ‘What a dreadful thing!’
Reported Exclamation : He said that it was a dreadful thing.
Reported speech 2
The document discusses the verbs "say" and "tell" when used in reported speech. It states that "say" is used to indicate who is speaking and can be followed by "to" when specifying who is being spoken to. "Tell" is used to specify who is being spoken to and the person is expressed as a direct object without a preposition. Both "say" and "tell" can be followed by a clause introduced with "that" or a verb in the infinitive. "Tell" is also used in certain expressions like "tell a story" while "say" is used in expressions like "say thank you".
Spoken English Advanced Session 21 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Learn Indirect/reported speech question, exclamatory and imperative sentences. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
REPORTED SPEECH
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple. Pronouns and expressions of time and place are also typically changed in reported speech.
Sentence transformations
This document discusses three methods for transforming basic sentences: question transformation, negative transformation, and passive transformation. Question transformation involves moving the first auxiliary verb in a sentence to the front of the subject. Negative transformation inserts "not" or "n't" after the first auxiliary verb. Passive transformation focuses on the object of the action rather than the subject performing the action by using "was/were" plus the past participle verb form. Examples are provided to illustrate each transformation method.
Direct & Indirect Narration
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, verbs, and other elements according to grammar rules. Some of the key rules for changing direct to indirect speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns according to the subject or object of the reported speech, changing words like today to that day, and changing interrogative sentences by removing question marks and changing verbs and auxiliaries.
Direct indirect Speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech, including changing pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences. The key differences covered are using "that" instead of commas, changing pronouns according to the SON formula, changing present and past tense verbs, changing adverbs of time and place, changing interrogative sentences into statements, using "to" after imperative verbs, and using "that" after reporting verbs for exclamatory sentences.
Narration concepts ppt
When reporting speech, tenses change depending on whether the reporting verb is in the past or present tense. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, present tenses in the direct speech change to past tenses in the reported speech. Questions, commands, and requests are introduced using verbs like "asked", "ordered", and "requested" respectively depending on the type of speech. The tense does not change if the reporting verb is in the present tense.
Reported speech
This document outlines the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. There are 7 main rules discussed:
1) Verb tenses change depending on the tense of the reporting verb
2) Pronouns change person depending on the subject of the reporting clause
3) Time words like "now" and "today" change to words like "then" and "that day" respectively.
Direct and indirect speech
This presentation provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as using exact quotations and indirect speech as reporting someone's words without using quotations. The key differences are that indirect speech involves changing pronouns and verb tenses, as well as expressions of time. Rules for these changes are explained in detail, including examples to illustrate backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and cases where backshifting does not apply. A review section summarizes the main points and includes practice examples to check understanding.
Narration
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in 3 sentences:
1) Pronouns, tenses, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed according to reporting verbs used in indirect speech.
2) Questions and actions like orders or requests also require grammatical changes such as using "if/whether" for yes/no questions and keeping the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modal verbs and verbs referring to present and future tenses may sometimes remain unchanged between direct and indirect speech depending on the context.
Direct and indirect speech
1) Direct and indirect speech differ in the changes made to pronouns, tenses, temporal words and question forms.
2) In indirect speech, pronouns change to reflect the speaker rather than listener, tenses backshift, words like "this" become "that", and questions are reported with if/whether for yes/no questions and the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modals, the present/future tense of the original speaker, and wh- questions are transformed following set rules while maintaining the original meaning.
A detailed lesson_plan_for_grade-8_english
The lesson plan discusses teaching direct and indirect speech to 8th grade English students. It includes objectives, subject matter, and procedures for a lesson involving differentiating between direct and indirect speech through examples, activities, and exercises where students practice changing sentences between the two forms of speech. Students will apply their understanding by writing about a speech on the role of media in society using direct or indirect speech.
Direct & indirect speech (rizqy pratama .p)
This document discusses the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports what they said without quotation marks. The key rules are:
1) When reporting in the past tense, the verb tenses in the direct speech change accordingly in the indirect speech (e.g. present becomes past).
2) Pronouns may need to change based on the new context.
3) Words indicating time and place can change (e.g. now -> then, here -> there).
4) Questions, commands, exclamations and wishes also have specific changes when converting to indirect speech.
Reported Speach
The document explains what reported speech is and how to use it. Reported speech is used to tell someone about a past conversation. It involves changing verbs from the original statement into the past tense since it is referring to something said in the past. The document provides examples of direct quotes and how to change them into the past tense for reported speech, noting that pronouns may need to change depending on who is being reported.
Reported speech
This document provides information about direct and reported speech including:
- Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and conveys the general meaning without exact words.
- There are rules for changing direct to reported speech like changing pronouns to agree with the subject of the reporting clause, and changing tense appropriately.
- Examples are given to demonstrate changing pronouns from first person to third person or second person based on the subject and object of reporting.
- A chart shows the changes to personal pronouns in reported speech.
Emypresentationdirectindirectnarration 100518150039-phpapp01
This presentation discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, tenses, and other elements according to standard rules. The presentation outlines these rules for changing reported speech based on tense, pronouns, question forms, imperatives, exclamations, wishes, and mixed sentence types. Examples are provided to illustrate how direct speech is transformed into indirect speech based on these guidelines.
Narration
This document provides the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It begins by defining direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks and usually involves minor grammatical changes.
The document then outlines the main rules for changing different types of sentences from direct to indirect speech according to parts of speech (assertive, interrogative, imperative, optative, exclamatory) and tenses. It provides examples to demonstrate how to apply these rules. Key changes involve the use of reporting verbs and conjunctions, changing pronouns, and adjusting verb tenses. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of following these rules carefully, especially
Reported speech lesson 10
Reported speech is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some words while retaining the same meaning. When reporting requests, offers, promises or threats, the structure is reporting verb + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are offer, promise, agree, refuse. When reporting orders, requests, warnings or advice, the structure is reporting verb + object + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are tell, ask, order, warn, advise, invite. For negative reported statements, the structure is not + to-infinitive. Pronouns and possessive adjectives are usually changed from first to third person.
39739_14 reported speech.ppt
1) Reported speech is used to report what someone said in the past by changing verbs and some words to the past tense while retaining the same meaning.
2) Common changes in reported speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, pronouns like "I" and "you" to "he/she/they" and "me/you" and changing place and time words like "now" to "then".
3) There are specific structures used for reporting requests, orders, offers and promises that involve using a reporting verb like "asked", "ordered" followed by an object and an infinitive verb. Pronouns also need to be changed.
Reported speech
This document discusses direct and reported speech. It explains that reported speech involves changing the tense, pronouns, adverbs and punctuation when repeating what someone else said. The document outlines the general changes that are made, including tense backshifting and changes to pronouns, adverbs of time and place. It then provides more details on how to report statements, questions, commands, requests and suggestions. Finally, it discusses different reporting verbs that can be used to introduce reported speech.
Reported speech
There are two ways to relate what a person has said: direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the person's exact words, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, certain changes are usually made, such as changing verb tenses and pronouns. Questions and commands also require specific changes, such as changing the question structure to a statement and changing the introductory verb for commands. Different reporting verbs are used depending on the structure, such as "say" for statements and "ask" for questions.
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What's hot
Reported speech
Reported Speech is used to report what someone said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So, verbs usually change to the past in reported speech. (Haryanti, 2000: 31).
They are two ways of relating what a person has said:
1. Direct Speech
In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said, ‘ I have lost my umbrella.’
2. Indirect (Reported) Speech
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella
The Rules of Reported Speech
1. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past.
Example:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
I told her that I didn’t have any money.
2. In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech
Example:
Direct Judy: My parents are very well.
Reported Judy said that her parents were very well.
3. In general, the past simple form in direct speech changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Example:
Direct Tom said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.
Reported Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work
The Kind of Reported Speech
There are many kinds of reported speech:
1. Reported Statement
Reported statement uses the reporting verb ‘that’, but ‘that’ is optional, so it is placed in bracket.
Example:
Quoted Statement She said, ‘I watch TV everyday.
Reported Statement She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
2. Reported Imperative
Reported Imperative is used to report invitation or command from someone to other people.
Example :
Quoted Imperative : Jamal said, ‘Please come to my party’.
Reported Imperative : Jamal invited me to come to his party.
Note :
In the reporterd Imperative, verb follows by object (pro) noun and then followed by infinitive phrase.
The following verbs is always used in reported imperative:
Advice - permit - invite
Ask - encourage - order
Remind - tell - warn
3. Reported Question
Reported Question is used to report questions. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affimative form, the question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported speech.
Example:
Quoted Question : He said, ‘Where does she live?’
Reported Question : He asked where she lived.
4. Reported Exclamation
Reported Exclamation is reporting of someone’s feeling or see.
Example:
Quoted Exclamation : He said, ‘What a dreadful thing!’
Reported Exclamation : He said that it was a dreadful thing.
Reported speech 2
The document discusses the verbs "say" and "tell" when used in reported speech. It states that "say" is used to indicate who is speaking and can be followed by "to" when specifying who is being spoken to. "Tell" is used to specify who is being spoken to and the person is expressed as a direct object without a preposition. Both "say" and "tell" can be followed by a clause introduced with "that" or a verb in the infinitive. "Tell" is also used in certain expressions like "tell a story" while "say" is used in expressions like "say thank you".
Spoken English Advanced Session 21 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Learn Indirect/reported speech question, exclamatory and imperative sentences. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
REPORTED SPEECH
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple. Pronouns and expressions of time and place are also typically changed in reported speech.
Sentence transformations
This document discusses three methods for transforming basic sentences: question transformation, negative transformation, and passive transformation. Question transformation involves moving the first auxiliary verb in a sentence to the front of the subject. Negative transformation inserts "not" or "n't" after the first auxiliary verb. Passive transformation focuses on the object of the action rather than the subject performing the action by using "was/were" plus the past participle verb form. Examples are provided to illustrate each transformation method.
Direct & Indirect Narration
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, verbs, and other elements according to grammar rules. Some of the key rules for changing direct to indirect speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns according to the subject or object of the reported speech, changing words like today to that day, and changing interrogative sentences by removing question marks and changing verbs and auxiliaries.
Direct indirect Speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech, including changing pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and exclamatory sentences. The key differences covered are using "that" instead of commas, changing pronouns according to the SON formula, changing present and past tense verbs, changing adverbs of time and place, changing interrogative sentences into statements, using "to" after imperative verbs, and using "that" after reporting verbs for exclamatory sentences.
Narration concepts ppt
When reporting speech, tenses change depending on whether the reporting verb is in the past or present tense. If the reporting verb is in the past tense, present tenses in the direct speech change to past tenses in the reported speech. Questions, commands, and requests are introduced using verbs like "asked", "ordered", and "requested" respectively depending on the type of speech. The tense does not change if the reporting verb is in the present tense.
Reported speech
This document outlines the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. There are 7 main rules discussed:
1) Verb tenses change depending on the tense of the reporting verb
2) Pronouns change person depending on the subject of the reporting clause
3) Time words like "now" and "today" change to words like "then" and "that day" respectively.
Direct and indirect speech
This presentation provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as using exact quotations and indirect speech as reporting someone's words without using quotations. The key differences are that indirect speech involves changing pronouns and verb tenses, as well as expressions of time. Rules for these changes are explained in detail, including examples to illustrate backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and cases where backshifting does not apply. A review section summarizes the main points and includes practice examples to check understanding.
Narration
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in 3 sentences:
1) Pronouns, tenses, places, times and other contextual references need to be changed according to reporting verbs used in indirect speech.
2) Questions and actions like orders or requests also require grammatical changes such as using "if/whether" for yes/no questions and keeping the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modal verbs and verbs referring to present and future tenses may sometimes remain unchanged between direct and indirect speech depending on the context.
Direct and indirect speech
1) Direct and indirect speech differ in the changes made to pronouns, tenses, temporal words and question forms.
2) In indirect speech, pronouns change to reflect the speaker rather than listener, tenses backshift, words like "this" become "that", and questions are reported with if/whether for yes/no questions and the wh- word for wh- questions.
3) Modals, the present/future tense of the original speaker, and wh- questions are transformed following set rules while maintaining the original meaning.
A detailed lesson_plan_for_grade-8_english
The lesson plan discusses teaching direct and indirect speech to 8th grade English students. It includes objectives, subject matter, and procedures for a lesson involving differentiating between direct and indirect speech through examples, activities, and exercises where students practice changing sentences between the two forms of speech. Students will apply their understanding by writing about a speech on the role of media in society using direct or indirect speech.
Direct & indirect speech (rizqy pratama .p)
This document discusses the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports what they said without quotation marks. The key rules are:
1) When reporting in the past tense, the verb tenses in the direct speech change accordingly in the indirect speech (e.g. present becomes past).
2) Pronouns may need to change based on the new context.
3) Words indicating time and place can change (e.g. now -> then, here -> there).
4) Questions, commands, exclamations and wishes also have specific changes when converting to indirect speech.
Reported Speach
The document explains what reported speech is and how to use it. Reported speech is used to tell someone about a past conversation. It involves changing verbs from the original statement into the past tense since it is referring to something said in the past. The document provides examples of direct quotes and how to change them into the past tense for reported speech, noting that pronouns may need to change depending on who is being reported.
Reported speech
This document provides information about direct and reported speech including:
- Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and conveys the general meaning without exact words.
- There are rules for changing direct to reported speech like changing pronouns to agree with the subject of the reporting clause, and changing tense appropriately.
- Examples are given to demonstrate changing pronouns from first person to third person or second person based on the subject and object of reporting.
- A chart shows the changes to personal pronouns in reported speech.
Emypresentationdirectindirectnarration 100518150039-phpapp01
This presentation discusses the differences between direct and indirect narration. Direct narration reports the exact words spoken without changes, while indirect narration does not report the exact words and changes pronouns, tenses, and other elements according to standard rules. The presentation outlines these rules for changing reported speech based on tense, pronouns, question forms, imperatives, exclamations, wishes, and mixed sentence types. Examples are provided to illustrate how direct speech is transformed into indirect speech based on these guidelines.
Narration
This document provides the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English. It begins by defining direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks and usually involves minor grammatical changes.
The document then outlines the main rules for changing different types of sentences from direct to indirect speech according to parts of speech (assertive, interrogative, imperative, optative, exclamatory) and tenses. It provides examples to demonstrate how to apply these rules. Key changes involve the use of reporting verbs and conjunctions, changing pronouns, and adjusting verb tenses. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of following these rules carefully, especially
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Spoken English Advanced Session 21 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Spoken English Advanced Session 21 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Emypresentationdirectindirectnarration 100518150039-phpapp01
Emypresentationdirectindirectnarration 100518150039-phpapp01
Similar to Reported speech
Reported speech lesson 10
Reported speech is a way of reporting what someone has said by changing some words while retaining the same meaning. When reporting requests, offers, promises or threats, the structure is reporting verb + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are offer, promise, agree, refuse. When reporting orders, requests, warnings or advice, the structure is reporting verb + object + to-infinitive. Common reporting verbs are tell, ask, order, warn, advise, invite. For negative reported statements, the structure is not + to-infinitive. Pronouns and possessive adjectives are usually changed from first to third person.
39739_14 reported speech.ppt
1) Reported speech is used to report what someone said in the past by changing verbs and some words to the past tense while retaining the same meaning.
2) Common changes in reported speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, pronouns like "I" and "you" to "he/she/they" and "me/you" and changing place and time words like "now" to "then".
3) There are specific structures used for reporting requests, orders, offers and promises that involve using a reporting verb like "asked", "ordered" followed by an object and an infinitive verb. Pronouns also need to be changed.
Reported speech
This document discusses direct and reported speech. It explains that reported speech involves changing the tense, pronouns, adverbs and punctuation when repeating what someone else said. The document outlines the general changes that are made, including tense backshifting and changes to pronouns, adverbs of time and place. It then provides more details on how to report statements, questions, commands, requests and suggestions. Finally, it discusses different reporting verbs that can be used to introduce reported speech.
Reported speech
There are two ways to relate what a person has said: direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the person's exact words, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, certain changes are usually made, such as changing verb tenses and pronouns. Questions and commands also require specific changes, such as changing the question structure to a statement and changing the introductory verb for commands. Different reporting verbs are used depending on the structure, such as "say" for statements and "ask" for questions.
Rp123
The document discusses reported speech, which is how we report what someone has said while changing some words but keeping the same meaning. It provides examples of changing direct speech into reported speech by changing verb tenses and pronouns. It also discusses reporting questions, orders, requests, advice and using structures like "reporting verb + object + to infinitive" and "not + to-infinitive".
Reported Speech
There are two main ways to report someone's words: direct speech uses exact words, while indirect speech makes the words part of the reporting sentence by changing pronouns, tenses, and other words as needed based on changes in situation. Basic rules for indirect speech include changing pronouns and tenses to reflect a change in speaker or time. Reported questions do not use question marks or auxiliary "do", and yes/no questions are reported with "if/whether" while wh-questions use the interrogative without inversion. Certain verbs like "promise" and "order" are reported with infinitives or object + infinitive when reporting actions.
Active and Passive Voice
The document discusses the passive voice in English grammar. It provides examples of active and passive voice constructions and explains some key points about forming the passive voice, including: always using a past participle verb and helping verb; not changing the meaning, form, or tense of the sentence; and how the subject and object are treated differently between active and passive constructions. It also covers special cases like impersonal passive, questions in the passive voice, and passive voice with infinitive verbs.
GRAMMAR SECONDARY 2_direct-and-indirect-speech-ppt.pptx
The document explains the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea of what was said rather than the exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, pronouns and verb tenses may need to be changed depending on the context. The document provides examples and rules for accurately changing between direct and indirect speech.
Reported speech .pptx
This document provides an overview of reported speech or indirect speech in English grammar. It discusses how reported speech works by changing the verb tenses and pronouns when reporting what someone else has said. It also explains how to report different types of sentences like questions, commands, and requests. Key reporting verbs like say, tell, ask and their uses in reported speech are defined. Examples are provided to illustrate the changes between direct and reported speech.
English-Narrative
1. The document provides examples and explanations of different English grammar structures including asking for requests, asking for help, messages, invitations, fables, and reported speech.
2. Examples are given for direct and indirect ways of asking for requests and help, the generic structure of messages, invitations, and fables, and how to change tenses, pronouns, places, and times in reported speech.
3. Reporting verbs commonly used in reported speech are identified as said, told, asked, and other more specific verbs; and it is noted that that is often but optionally used in reported speech.
REPORTED SPEECH
This document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech in 3 sentences:
Direct speech uses quotation marks while reported speech does not. Reported speech changes the verb tense and pronouns when referring to what was said. There are also specific rules for changing statements, questions, commands, exclamations, and other types of sentences into the reported form.
Advanced grammar reported speech - imperative
The document discusses transforming imperative clauses from direct to reported speech. It explains that quoted imperatives use quotation marks and reported imperatives use that-clauses or infinitival clauses. When transforming imperatives, pronouns, places, times, and verb tenses may need to be changed. For affirmative imperatives, the introductory verb is changed to an infinitive form without "that." For negative imperatives, "not" precedes the infinitive verb or a prohibitive introductory verb is used in a positive form of the reported speech.
Direct and Indirect Speech ESL
The document discusses the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech. It covers changing pronouns, verb tenses, adverbs of time and place, reported statements, questions, commands, exclamations, and mixed speech types. Examples are provided to illustrate each rule or type of conversion.
Noun Clause
This document provides information about noun clauses and their usage. It discusses the different types of noun clauses including that-clauses, wh-question clauses, yes/no question clauses, and clauses with infinitives. It also covers the rules for changing direct speech to reported or indirect speech, including tense, pronoun, time and modal changes. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept. The document concludes with a reference list in MLA format.
Reporting requests, advice, instructions, suggestions, commands.
This document discusses how to report requests, advice, promises, and instructions in reported speech. It notes that verbs like "ask", "advise", and "tell" can be used followed by a pronoun and infinitive. Tense and pronoun changes are required. Negative sentences also require changes. Examples are provided for reporting yes/no questions using "if" or "whether" and changing the tense. Wh-questions do not change word order and do not require auxiliary verbs in reported speech. Reporting suggestions and commands may require using the subjunctive form.
LL Upper Pri B - Active and Passive Voice
This document discusses the active and passive voice in writing. It explains that the active voice stresses the subject of a sentence while the passive voice stresses the action verb and object. Some examples are provided to illustrate how changing a sentence from active to passive voice alters which part of the sentence is emphasized. The benefits of changing voice include choosing what to stress and making sentences more interesting. Learning activities provide practice changing sentences between the active and passive voice.
Reported Speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. There are three main differences: 1) reported speech does not use quotation marks, 2) the verb tense is changed, and 3) pronouns and determiners are changed. Some rules for reported speech include changing pronouns, tenses from present to past, and expressions of time and place. Examples are provided to illustrate direct versus reported speech for statements, questions, commands, exclamations, and different verb tenses. Reporting verbs and conjunctions are also discussed for different types of sentences.
WEEK 3 PRONOUN.pptx
The document defines pronouns and discusses their different types and functions. It begins by defining pronouns as words that take the place of nouns, with the replaced noun called the antecedent. It then discusses the different kinds of pronouns, including personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, possessive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, reciprocal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, and relative pronouns. It also covers pronoun case and how pronouns change based on their subjective, objective, or possessive function in a sentence.
Passive Voice.pdf
The document discusses the active and passive voice in English grammar. It explains that in the active voice, the subject performs the action, while in the passive voice, the subject receives the action. It provides examples of sentences in the active and passive voice and discusses how to change between the two voices. The document also covers forming sentences in the passive voice for different tenses, including the present, past, and future. It notes some exceptions and concludes with exercises changing sentences between the active and passive voice.
Business grammar
The document provides guidance on proper business grammar and writing techniques. It discusses using powerful verbs, active voice, subject-verb agreement, pronouns, adjectives vs adverbs, contractions, lay vs lie, affect vs effect, and other commonly confused terms. It emphasizes avoiding redundant or sexist language and tailoring writing to the intended audience using a "you approach." Resources for further reference on business English skills are also listed.
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Reporting requests, advice, instructions, suggestions, commands.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Reported speech
- 2. What is Reported Speech? • Reported Speech is a way how we report what someone has said by changing some of the words said, but retaining the same meaning.
- 3. Could you help me? What did Alan ask us? Alan asked us to help him. Directed Speech Reported Speech / Indirected Speech
- 4. Reported requests, offers…. When we report offers, promises, threats etc, we can use the structure: Reporting verb + to-infinitive
- 5. Can I help you? What did the woman say to us? She offered to help us. reporting verb to-infinitive
- 6. ***Notice*** The reporting verbs that we can use in this structure include: Offer, promise, agree, refuse etc.
- 7. I’ll work harder What did Jacky say? He promised to work harder.
- 8. Reported orders, requests…. When we report orders, requests, warnings, advice, invitations etc, we can use the structure: Reporting verb + object + to infinitive
- 9. Can you tell me how to read the word, John? The girl asked John to tell her how to read the word. Notice : The change of pronouns What did the girl say? reporting verb + object + to-infinitive
- 10. ***Notice*** The reporting verbs that we can use in this structure include: tell, ask, order, warn, remind, advise, invite etc.
- 11. Amy, I think you should do your homework. What did mother say to Amy? Mother advised Amy to do her homework.
- 12. Reporting negative orders, promises, advices….. In negative orders, promises, requests,etc, we use the structure: not + to-infinitive
- 13. Don’t eat too much sweet. What did the dentist ask Joe? The dentist asked Joe not to eat too much sweet. not + to-infinitive
- 14. Changes of pronouns • In reported speech, we usually need to change the pronouns (e.g. I, you, me, this, these, etc) and possessive adjectives (e.g. my, your, etc). • We usually change the pronouns from : • However we do not need to change the 1st person pronoun I when the speaker is reporting his/her own words. 1st person (I, me) 2nd person (you, your) 3rd person (we, us)
- 15. Please be careful when you pass me the box. What did the woman say to the man? She asked him to be careful when he passes her the box.
- 17. I’ll work out the programme in two minutes. What did Joan promise? Joan promised to work out the programme in two minutes.
- 18. I’ll sign the contract. What did the man agree? He agreed to sign the contract.
- 19. Let me teach you. What did Jackie say? Jacky offered to teach the children / them.
- 20. Please pass me the bandage, David. What did the doctor say? The doctor asked David to pass him the bandage.
- 21. Mr. Chan, you shouldn’t smoke again. What did the doctor advise Mr. Chan? The doctor advised Mr. Chan not to smoke again.
- 22. Tim, don’t shoot the balloons. What did Susan say? She asked Tim to get her down. Please get me down, Tim She asked Tim not to shoot the balloons. She asked Tim to get her down and not to shoot the balloons.
- 23. Don’t be afraid. What did the vet say? He asked the dog not to be afraid. Don’t move. He asked the dog not to move He asked the dog not to be afraid and move.