1) Reported speech is used to report what someone said in the past by changing verbs and some words to the past tense while retaining the same meaning. 2) Common changes in reported speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, pronouns like "I" and "you" to "he/she/they" and "me/you" and changing place and time words like "now" to "then". 3) There are specific structures used for reporting requests, orders, offers and promises that involve using a reporting verb like "asked", "ordered" followed by an object and an infinitive verb. Pronouns also need to be changed.

1. Reported speech(direct/
indirect speech)

2. Reported speech ( direct, indirect
speech)
 To report and summarize what someone said in
the past, we use a past reporting verb e.g. said,
told, asked, explained, promised. We often report
the words in a past tense:
What is Reported Speech?
 Reported Speech is a way how we report what someone
has said by changing some of the words said, but
retaining the same meaning.
“People like Fide have nothing”, my mother said  My
mother told me that people like Fide had nothing.

3. Reported statements
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect
continuous
Past perfect Past perfect
Shall/will would
Shall in offers and suggestions should
Must had to
Can could

4. DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECh
 Now
 Tonight
 Yesterday
 Tomorrow
 This morning
 Last week
 Next Saturday
 Ago
 Here
 This + the place
 This
 Then
 That night
 The day before
 The following day
 That morning
 The previous week
 The following Saturday
 Before/previously
 There
 That/the+ the name
 That/the

5. Reported requests, offers….
 When we report offers, promises, threats etc, we can
use the structure:
 Reporting verb + to-infinitive
She offered to help us.
 The reporting verbs that we can use
in this structure include:Offer,
promise, agree, refuse etc.
He promised to work harder.

6. ***Notice***
 The reporting verbs that we can
use in this structure include:
 Offer, promise, agree, refuse etc.

7. Reported orders, requests….
 When we report orders, requests, warnings, advice,
invitations etc, we can use the structure:
 Reporting verb + object + to infinitive

8. Can you tell
me how to
read the word,
John?
The girl asked John to tell her how to read the word.
Notice :
The change
of pronouns
What did the girl say?
reporting verb + object + to-infinitive

9. ***Notice***
 The reporting verbs that we can use in
this structure include:
 tell, ask, order, warn, remind, advise,
invite etc.
 Reporting negative orders, promises,
advices…..
 In negative orders, promises, requests,
etc, we use the structure:
not + to-infinitive

10. Don’t eat too much
Sweet!
Don’t jump on the
table!
Don’t come back!
The dentist asked Joe
not to eat too much
sweet
My Mother told me
not to jump on th
table.
She ordered not to
come back.

11. Changes of pronouns
 In reported speech, we usually need to
change the pronouns (e.g. I, you, me, this,
these, etc) and possessive adjectives (e.g. my,
your, etc).
 We usually change the pronouns from :
• However we do not need to change the
1st person pronoun I when the speaker is reporting
his/her own words.
1st person (I, me)
2nd person (you, your)
3rd person
(we, us)

12. She asked him to
be careful when
he passes her the
box.